Introduction of the International Scientific Deep Fault Drilling Project: DFDP–Alpine Fault, New Zealand

Yeonguk Jo

doi:10.32390/ksmer.2021.58.5.491

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2021 Vol.58, Issue 5S Preview Page Next Page

Review

Introduction of the International Scientific Deep Fault Drilling Project: DFDP–Alpine Fault, New Zealand 심부 단층 대상 국제과학시추 프로젝트 소개: DFDP–Alpine Fault, New Zealand

31 October 2021. pp. 491-502

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Abstract

The Alpine fault, located in western South Island, New Zealand, is a fault that forms a part of the terrestrial boundary between the Australian and Pacific plates in southern New Zealand. Previous studies on this fault reported that the Alpine fault were suffered 24 surface ruptures in the past 8000 years, and recently four times reactivation with earthquakes of 8 magnitude in the past 900 years. In addition, some studies indicate that there is a possibility of reactivation within the next 50 years based on paleoearthquake records (in 1717, 1620, 1450, 1100 AD) and their cycles. An international scientific drilling project (Deep Fault Drilling Project [DFDP] – Alpine Fault, New Zealand) was launched with the objective of investigating the physical and chemical behavior of the fault zone before earthquake occurrence, and monitoring seismicity on the fault. This review summarizes the major research activity and lessons learned from this project, and introduces its achievements.

Keywords

alpine fault

paleoearthquake

fault behavior

international scientific drilling project

DFDP – Alpine Fault

뉴질랜드 남섬 서부에 위치한 알파인 단층(Alpine fault)은 뉴질랜드 남부 호주판과 태평양판의 육상 경계를 일부 형성하는 단층으로, 이 단층에 대한 기존 연구들은 알파인 단층이 과거 8천년 동안 24회의 표면 파열 및 과거 900년 동안 4번의 재활성과 규모 약 8 M의 지진을 발생시켰다고 보고하고 있다. 또한 이 단층의 고지진 기록(1717, 1620, 1450, 1100 AD)과 그 주기를 감안할 때 향후 50년 이내 파열될 가능성(약 30%)이 제기된 바 있다. 이 단층을 대상으로 지진 발생 이전의 단층대의 물리적, 화학적 거동 관찰 및 지진 감시 등을 목적으로 하는 국제과학시추 프로젝트(Deep Fault Drilling Project (DFDP) – Alpine Fault, New Zealand)가 수행되었다. 본 고에서는 해당 프로젝트를 통해 수행된 주요 연구 활동 및 교훈(lessons learned) 들을 정리하고 주요 연구성과들을 소개하고자 한다.

키워드

알파인 단층

고지진

단층 거동

국제과학시추 프로젝트

DFDP–Alpine Fault

References

GNS Science, 2013. Operation and well completion report for boreholes DFDP-1A and DFDP-1B, Deep Fault Drilling Project, Alpine Fault, Gaunt Creek, New Zealand, GNS Science Report 2011/48, Lower Hutt, New Zealand, 107p. https://shop.gns.cri.nz/sr_2011-048-pdf/

GNS Science, 2015. Deep Fault Drilling Project (DFDP), Alpine Fault Boreholes DFDP-2A and DFDP-2B Technical Completion Report, GNS Science Report 2015/50, Lower Hutt, New Zealand, 283p. http://shop.gns.cri.nz/sr_2015-050-pdf/

Langridge, R.M., Villamor, P., Basili, R., Almond, P., Martinez-Diaz, J.J., and Canora, C., 2010. Revised slip rates for the Alpine fault at Inchbonnie: Implications for plate boundary kinematics of South Island, New Zealand, Lithosphere, 2(3), p.139-152. 10.1130/L88.1

Norris, R.J. and Cooper, A.F., 2007. The alpine fault, New Zealand: Surface geology and field relationships, Geophysical Monograph Series, 175, p.157-175. 10.1029/175GM09

Pollack, H.N., Hurter, S.J., and Johnson, J.R., 1993. Heat flow from the Earth's interior: Analysis of the global data set, Reviews of Geophysics, 31(3), p.267-280. 10.1029/93RG01249

Sibson, R.H., 1982. Fault zone models, heat flow, and the depth distribution of earthquakes in the continental crust of the United States, Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America, 72(1), p.151-163.

Sutherland, R., Berryman, K., and Norris, R., 2006. Quaternary slip rate and geomorphology of the Alpine fault: Implications for kinematics and seismic hazard in southwest New Zealand, Bulletin of the Geological Society of America, 118(3-4), p.464-474. 10.1130/B25627.1

Sutherland, R., Eberhart-Phillips, D., Harris, R.A., Stern, T., Beavan, J., Ellis, S., Henrys, S., Cox, S., Norris, R.J., Berryman, K.R., Townend, J., Bannister, S., Pettinga, J., Leitner, B., Wallace, L., Little, T.A., Cooper, A.F., Yetton, M., and Stirling, M., 2007. Do great earthquakes occur on the alpine fault in central South Island, New Zealand? Geophysical Monograph Series, 175, p.235-251. 10.1029/175GM12

Sutherland, R., Townend, J., Toy, V.G., and DFDP Science team, 2017. Extreme hydrothermal conditions at an active plate-bounding fault, Nature, 546(7656), p.137-140.

Townend, J., Sutherland, R., and Toy, V.G., 2009. Deep Fault Drilling Project-Alpine Fault, New Zealand, Scientific Drilling, 8, p.75-82. 10.5194/sd-8-75-2009

Toy, V.G., Boulton, C.J., Sutherland, R., Townend, J., Norris, R.J., Little, T.A., Prior, D.J., Mariani, E., Faulkner, D., Menzies, C.D., Scott, H., and Carpenter, B.M., 2015. Fault rock lithologies and architecture of the central Alpine fault, New Zealand, revealed by DFDP-1 drilling, Lithosphere, 7(2), p.155-173. 10.1130/L395.1

Toy, V.G., Sutherland, R., Townend, J., and DFDP Science Team, 2017. Bedrock geology of DFDP-2B, central Alpine Fault, New Zealand, New Zealand Journal of Geology and Geophysics, 60(4), p.497-518.

Information

Publisher :The Korean Society of Mineral and Energy Resources Engineers
Publisher(Ko) :한국자원공학회
Journal Title :Journal of the Korean Society of Mineral and Energy Resources Engineers
Journal Title(Ko) :한국자원공학회지
Volume : 58
No :5
Pages :491-502
Received Date : 2021-10-05
Revised Date : 2021-10-19
Accepted Date : 2021-10-26
DOI :https://doi.org/10.32390/ksmer.2021.58.5.491

Journal of the Korean Society of Mineral and Energy Resources Engineers ISSN:2288-0291(Print) 2288-2790(Online) 한국자원공학회지

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