Comparison of Bioleaching of Heavy Metals and Arsenic from Contaminated Soil in the Vicinity of a Refinery Using Sulfur-oxidizing and Iron-oxidizing Bacteria

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2011 Vol.48, Issue 6 Preview Page Next Page

Comparison of Bioleaching of Heavy Metals and Arsenic from Contaminated Soil in the Vicinity of a Refinery Using Sulfur-oxidizing and Iron-oxidizing Bacteria 제련소 주변 오염토양의 중금속 및 비소 용출을 위한 황산화균과 철산화균의 용출 특성 비교: 한협조, 이종운, 전효택
Hyeop-Jo Han, Jong-Un Lee and Hyo-Taek Chon

31 December 2011. pp. 713-722

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Abstract

Bioleaching of Pb, Cu, and As from contaminated soil near a refinery was investigated using a sulfur-oxidizing bacterium, Acidithiobacillus thiooxidans, and an iron-oxidizing bacterium, A. ferrooxidans. Both bacteria supplied with their respective energy sources, S and Fe2+, resulted in decrease in slurry pH from 2.3 to 1.3~1.5. The sulfur oxidizer led to the highest concentrations of dissolved Pb and As in the slurry; however, the highest removal of the elements from the soil was observed in the presence of the iron oxidizer. The result was due to adsorption of Pb and As onto Fe(III) colloidal suspensions which formed after Fe2+ oxidation by the iron oxidizer. After 3-week microbial leaching process, Pb concentration was still higher than the soil pollution criteria regulated by Korean government, which was due to formation of insoluble PbSO4(s) or adsorption onto Fe(III) precipitates. After the bioleaching process, the readily exchangeable fraction of Pb and Cu appeared to increase in the treated soil, thus bioleaching period was required to be extended for safe reuse of the soil.

Keywords

Iron-oxidizing bacteria

Sulfur-oxidizing bacteria

Heavy metals

Arsenic

Bioleaching

Soil

Pb, Cu, As로 오염된 제련소 부근 토양을 대상으로 하여 황산화균인 Acidithiobacillus thiooxidans와 철산화균인 A. ferrooxidans를 이용한 미생물학적 용출법을 적용한 후 용출 특성을 비교하였다. 황산화균과 철산화균에 각각 에너지원인 S와 Fe2+를 공급한 경우 초기 pH 2.3에서 pH 1.3~1.5까지 감소하였다. 황산화균을 적용한 경우 슬러리 내 Pb와 As의 용존 함량이 가장 높았으나 처리된 토양을 대상으로 한 제거효율은 철산화균을 적용한 경우 가장 높게 나타났다. 이는 철산화균에 의한 Fe2+ 산화에 의해 형성된 Fe(III) 콜로이드에 용출된 Pb와 As가 흡착되었기 때문이다. 미생물학적 용출 과정을 거친 토양 중 Cu와 As는 각각 우려기준과 대책기준 이하의 함량을 보였으나 Pb는 여전히 우려기준보다 높은 값을 보였다. 이는 Pb의 경우 황산화균 및 철산화균을 적용하였을 때 각각 불용성인 PbSO4(s)를 형성하거나 Fe(III) 침전물에 흡착되었기 때문이다. 반응이 종료된 토양 내의 Pb와 Cu는 쉽게 교환이 가능한 형태의 비율이 증가하였으므로 안전한 재사용을 위해서는 반응 기간을 연장하는 방안이 필요하다.

키워드

철산화균

황산화균

중금속

비소

미생물학적 용출

토양

References

고명수, 박현성, 이종운, 2009, “황산화균 Acidithiobacillus thiooxidans를 이용한 폐금은광산 광미에서의 중금속 용출,” 한국지구시스템공학회지, 제46권 2호, pp. 239-251.
김윤수, 전효택, 이종운, 2011, “미생물학적 황 산화에 의한 오염토양 내 중금속 및 비소의 용출,” 한국지구시스템공학회지, 제48권 3호, pp. 294-308.
정명채, 1994, “토양중의 중금속 연속추출방법과 사례연구,” 자원환경지질, 제27권 5호, pp. 469-477.
한오형, 박천영, 조강희, 2010, “토착호산성 박테리아를 이용한 황동석 정광에 대한 생물학적 용출 특성 - 상온에서의 칼럼 용출,” 한국지구시스템공학회지, 제47호 5호, pp. 678-689.
한협조, 이종운, 고명수, 최낙철, 권영호, 김병규, 전효택, 2009, “황산화균 Acidithiobacillus thiooxidans를 이용한 사격장 토양 내 중금속 용출,” 자원환경지질, 제42권 5호, pp. 457-469.
환경관리공단, 2009, 구장항제련소 주변지역 토양오염 개선 종합대책.
환경부, 2009, 토양환경보전법, p. 147.
Alloway, B.J., 1995, Soil process and the behavior ofheavy metals, In: Alloway, B.J., (Ed), Heavy metals in soils, Blackie Academic and Professional Publish.
Boon, M., Snijder, M., Hansford, G.S. and Heijnen, J.J., 1998, “The oxidation kinetics of zinc sulphide with Thiobacillus ferrooxidans,” Hydrometallurgy, Vol. 33, pp. 137-152.
Chen, S.Y. and Lin, P.L., 2010, “Optimization of operating parameters for the metal bioleaching process of contaminated soil,” Seperation and Purification Technology, Vol. 71, pp. 178-185.
Chen, Y.X., Hua, Y.M., Zhang, S.H. and Tian, G.M., 2005, “Transformation of heavy metal forms during sewage sludge bioleaching,” Journal of Hazardous Materials, Vol. 123, pp. 196-202.
Colmer, A.R. and Hinkle, M.E., 1947, “The role of microorganisms in acid mine drainage: a preliminary report,” Science, Vol. 106, pp. 253-256.
Colmer, A.R., Temple, K.L. and Hinkle, M.E., 1950, “An iron-oxidizing bacterium from the acid drainage of some bituminous coal mines,” Journal of Bacteriology, Vol. 59, pp. 317-328.
Dastidar, M.G., Malik, A. and Roychoudhury, P.K., 2000, “Biodesulphurization of Indian (Assam) coal using Thiobacillus ferrooxidans (ATCC 13984),” Energy Conversion and Management, Vol. 41, pp. 375-388.
Dew, D.W., Lawson, E.N. and Broadhurst, J.L., 1998, The BIOX process for biooxidation of gold-bearing ore or concentrates, In: Rawlings, D.E. (Ed.), Biomining: theory, microbes and industrial processes, Springer-Verlag, Berlin, pp. 45-80.
D'Hughes, P., Cezac, P., Cabral, T., Battaglia, F., Truongmeyer, X.M. and Morin, D., 1997, “Bioleaching of a cobaltiferous pyrite: A continuous laboratory-scale study at high solids concentration,” Minerals Engineering, Vol. 10, pp. 507-527.
Falco, L., Pogliani, C., Curutchet, G. and Donati, E., 2003, “A comparison of bioleaching of covellite using pure cultures of Acidithiobacillus ferrooxidans and Acidithiobacillus thiooxidans or a mixed culture of Leptospirillum ferrooxidans and Acidithiobacillus thiooxidans,” Hydrometallurgy, Vol. 71, pp. 31-36.
Fowler, T.A. and Crundwell, F.K., 1998, “Leaching of zinc sulfide by Thiobacillus ferrooxidans: Experiments with a controlled redox potential indicate no direct bacterial mechanism,” Applied and Environmental Microbiology, Vol. 64, pp. 3570-3575.
Gu, X. and Wong, J.W.C., 2004, “Identification of inhibitory substances affecting bioleaching of heavy metals from anaerobically digested sewage sludge,” Environmental Science and Technology, Vol. 38, pp. 2934-2939.
Jang, A., Jang H.-Y., Kim S.-M., Lee, J.-U. and Kim, I.S., 2002, “Decontamination of heavy metals from dewatered sludge by Acidithiobacillus ferrooxidans,” Environmental Engineering Research, Vol. 7, pp. 199-206.
Kelly, D.P. and Wood, A.P., 2000, “Reclassification of some species of Thiobacillus to the newly designated genera Acidithiobacillus gen. nov., Halothiobacillus gen. nov. and Thermithiobacillus gen. nov.,” International Journal of Systematic and Evolutionary Microbiology, Vol. 50, pp. 511-516.
Lee, J.-U., Kim, S.M., Kim, K.W. and Kim, I.S., 2005, “Microbial removal of uranium from uranium-bearing black shale,” Chemosphere, Vol. 59, pp. 147-154.
Lee, K.Y., Kim, K.W. and Kim, S.O., 2010, “Geochemical and microbial effects on the mobilization of arsenic in mine tailings soils,” Environmental Geochemistry and Health, Vol. 32, pp. 31-44.
Liu, Y.G., Zhou, M., Zeng, G.M., Li, X. Xu, W.H. and Fan, T., 2007, “Effect of solids concentration on removal of heavy metals from mine tailings via bioleaching,” Journal of Hazardous Materials, Vol. 141, pp. 202-208.
Muñoz, J.A., González, F., Blázquez, M.L. and Ballester, A., 1995, “A study of the bioleaching of a Spanish uranium ore: I. A review of the bacterial leaching in the treatment of uranium ores,” Hydrometallurgy, Vol. 38, pp. 39-57.
Park, H.-S., Lee, J.-U. and Ahn, J.-W., 2007, “The effects of Acidithiobacillus ferrooxidans on the leaching of cobalt and strontium adsorbed onto soil particles,” Environmental Geochemistry and Health, Vol. 29, pp. 303-312.
Rulkens, W.H., 1995, ”Methods of cleaning contaminated soils and sediments, In: Grotenhuis, J.T.C., Tichy, R., Salomons, W., Forstner, U. and Mader, P. (Eds.), Heavy metals, Springer-Verlag, Berlin, pp. 171-191.
Silverman, M.P. and Ehrlich, H.I., 1964, “Microbial formation and degradation of minerals,” Adv. Applied Microbiology, Vol. 6, pp. 181-183.
Silverman, M.P. and Lundgren, D.G., 1959, “Studies on the chemoautotrophic iron bacterium Ferrobacillus ferrooxidans. I. An improved medium and a harvesting procedure for securing high cell yields,” Journal of Bacteriology, Vol. 77, pp. 642-647.
Tessier, A., Campbell, P.G.C. and Bisson, M., 1979, “Sequential extraction procedure for the speciation of particulate trace metal,” Analytical Chemistry, Vol. 51, pp. 844-851.
Tyagi, R.D. and Couillard, D., 1989, Bacterial leaching of metals from sludge, In: Cheremisinoff, P.E. (Ed.), Encyclopedia of environmental control technology, Vol. 3., Gulf Publishing Co, Houston, pp. 557-591.
Waksman, S.A. and Joffe, I.S., 1922, “Microorganisms concerned with the oxidation of sulphur in soil: II. Thiobacillus thiooxidans, a new sulphur oxidizing organism isolated from the soil,” Journal of Bacteriology, Vol. 7, pp. 239-256.
Wenzel, W.W., Kirchbaumer, N., Prohaska, T., Stingeder, G., Lombi, E. and Adriano, D.D., 2001, “Arsenic fraction in soils using an improved sequential extraction procedure,” Analytica Chimica Acta, Vol. 436, pp. 309-323.

Information

Publisher :The Korean Society of Mineral and Energy Resources Engineers
Publisher(Ko) :한국자원공학회
Journal Title :Journal of the Korean Society for Geosystem Engineering
Journal Title(Ko) :한국지구시스템공학회지
Volume : 48
No :6
Pages :713-722

[1] 고명수, 박현성, 이종운, 2009, “황산화균 Acidithiobacillus thiooxidans를 이용한 폐금은광산 광미에서의 중금속 용출,” 한국지구시스템공학회지, 제46권 2호, pp. 239-251.

[2] 김윤수, 전효택, 이종운, 2011, “미생물학적 황 산화에 의한 오염토양 내 중금속 및 비소의 용출,” 한국지구시스템공학회지, 제48권 3호, pp. 294-308.

[3] 정명채, 1994, “토양중의 중금속 연속추출방법과 사례연구,” 자원환경지질, 제27권 5호, pp. 469-477.

[4] 한오형, 박천영, 조강희, 2010, “토착호산성 박테리아를 이용한 황동석 정광에 대한 생물학적 용출 특성 - 상온에서의 칼럼 용출,” 한국지구시스템공학회지, 제47호 5호, pp. 678-689.

[5] 한협조, 이종운, 고명수, 최낙철, 권영호, 김병규, 전효택, 2009, “황산화균 Acidithiobacillus thiooxidans를 이용한 사격장 토양 내 중금속 용출,” 자원환경지질, 제42권 5호, pp. 457-469.

[6] 환경관리공단, 2009, 구장항제련소 주변지역 토양오염 개선 종합대책.

[7] 환경부, 2009, 토양환경보전법, p. 147.

[8] Alloway, B.J., 1995, Soil process and the behavior ofheavy metals, In: Alloway, B.J., (Ed), Heavy metals in soils, Blackie Academic and Professional Publish.

[9] Boon, M., Snijder, M., Hansford, G.S. and Heijnen, J.J., 1998, “The oxidation kinetics of zinc sulphide with Thiobacillus ferrooxidans,” Hydrometallurgy, Vol. 33, pp. 137-152.

[10] Chen, S.Y. and Lin, P.L., 2010, “Optimization of operating parameters for the metal bioleaching process of contaminated soil,” Seperation and Purification Technology, Vol. 71, pp. 178-185.

[11] Chen, Y.X., Hua, Y.M., Zhang, S.H. and Tian, G.M., 2005, “Transformation of heavy metal forms during sewage sludge bioleaching,” Journal of Hazardous Materials, Vol. 123, pp. 196-202.

[12] Colmer, A.R. and Hinkle, M.E., 1947, “The role of microorganisms in acid mine drainage: a preliminary report,” Science, Vol. 106, pp. 253-256.

[13] Colmer, A.R., Temple, K.L. and Hinkle, M.E., 1950, “An iron-oxidizing bacterium from the acid drainage of some bituminous coal mines,” Journal of Bacteriology, Vol. 59, pp. 317-328.

[14] Dastidar, M.G., Malik, A. and Roychoudhury, P.K., 2000, “Biodesulphurization of Indian (Assam) coal using Thiobacillus ferrooxidans (ATCC 13984),” Energy Conversion and Management, Vol. 41, pp. 375-388.

[15] Dew, D.W., Lawson, E.N. and Broadhurst, J.L., 1998, The BIOX process for biooxidation of gold-bearing ore or concentrates, In: Rawlings, D.E. (Ed.), Biomining: theory, microbes and industrial processes, Springer-Verlag, Berlin, pp. 45-80.

[16] D'Hughes, P., Cezac, P., Cabral, T., Battaglia, F., Truongmeyer, X.M. and Morin, D., 1997, “Bioleaching of a cobaltiferous pyrite: A continuous laboratory-scale study at high solids concentration,” Minerals Engineering, Vol. 10, pp. 507-527.

[17] Falco, L., Pogliani, C., Curutchet, G. and Donati, E., 2003, “A comparison of bioleaching of covellite using pure cultures of Acidithiobacillus ferrooxidans and Acidithiobacillus thiooxidans or a mixed culture of Leptospirillum ferrooxidans and Acidithiobacillus thiooxidans,” Hydrometallurgy, Vol. 71, pp. 31-36.

[18] Fowler, T.A. and Crundwell, F.K., 1998, “Leaching of zinc sulfide by Thiobacillus ferrooxidans: Experiments with a controlled redox potential indicate no direct bacterial mechanism,” Applied and Environmental Microbiology, Vol. 64, pp. 3570-3575.

[19] Gu, X. and Wong, J.W.C., 2004, “Identification of inhibitory substances affecting bioleaching of heavy metals from anaerobically digested sewage sludge,” Environmental Science and Technology, Vol. 38, pp. 2934-2939.

[20] Jang, A., Jang H.-Y., Kim S.-M., Lee, J.-U. and Kim, I.S., 2002, “Decontamination of heavy metals from dewatered sludge by Acidithiobacillus ferrooxidans,” Environmental Engineering Research, Vol. 7, pp. 199-206.

[21] Kelly, D.P. and Wood, A.P., 2000, “Reclassification of some species of Thiobacillus to the newly designated genera Acidithiobacillus gen. nov., Halothiobacillus gen. nov. and Thermithiobacillus gen. nov.,” International Journal of Systematic and Evolutionary Microbiology, Vol. 50, pp. 511-516.

[22] Lee, J.-U., Kim, S.M., Kim, K.W. and Kim, I.S., 2005, “Microbial removal of uranium from uranium-bearing black shale,” Chemosphere, Vol. 59, pp. 147-154.

[23] Lee, K.Y., Kim, K.W. and Kim, S.O., 2010, “Geochemical and microbial effects on the mobilization of arsenic in mine tailings soils,” Environmental Geochemistry and Health, Vol. 32, pp. 31-44.

[24] Liu, Y.G., Zhou, M., Zeng, G.M., Li, X. Xu, W.H. and Fan, T., 2007, “Effect of solids concentration on removal of heavy metals from mine tailings via bioleaching,” Journal of Hazardous Materials, Vol. 141, pp. 202-208.

[25] Muñoz, J.A., González, F., Blázquez, M.L. and Ballester, A., 1995, “A study of the bioleaching of a Spanish uranium ore: I. A review of the bacterial leaching in the treatment of uranium ores,” Hydrometallurgy, Vol. 38, pp. 39-57.

[26] Park, H.-S., Lee, J.-U. and Ahn, J.-W., 2007, “The effects of Acidithiobacillus ferrooxidans on the leaching of cobalt and strontium adsorbed onto soil particles,” Environmental Geochemistry and Health, Vol. 29, pp. 303-312.

[27] Rulkens, W.H., 1995, ”Methods of cleaning contaminated soils and sediments, In: Grotenhuis, J.T.C., Tichy, R., Salomons, W., Forstner, U. and Mader, P. (Eds.), Heavy metals, Springer-Verlag, Berlin, pp. 171-191.

[28] Silverman, M.P. and Ehrlich, H.I., 1964, “Microbial formation and degradation of minerals,” Adv. Applied Microbiology, Vol. 6, pp. 181-183.

[29] Silverman, M.P. and Lundgren, D.G., 1959, “Studies on the chemoautotrophic iron bacterium Ferrobacillus ferrooxidans. I. An improved medium and a harvesting procedure for securing high cell yields,” Journal of Bacteriology, Vol. 77, pp. 642-647.

[30] Tessier, A., Campbell, P.G.C. and Bisson, M., 1979, “Sequential extraction procedure for the speciation of particulate trace metal,” Analytical Chemistry, Vol. 51, pp. 844-851.

[31] Tyagi, R.D. and Couillard, D., 1989, Bacterial leaching of metals from sludge, In: Cheremisinoff, P.E. (Ed.), Encyclopedia of environmental control technology, Vol. 3., Gulf Publishing Co, Houston, pp. 557-591.

[32] Waksman, S.A. and Joffe, I.S., 1922, “Microorganisms concerned with the oxidation of sulphur in soil: II. Thiobacillus thiooxidans, a new sulphur oxidizing organism isolated from the soil,” Journal of Bacteriology, Vol. 7, pp. 239-256.

[33] Wenzel, W.W., Kirchbaumer, N., Prohaska, T., Stingeder, G., Lombi, E. and Adriano, D.D., 2001, “Arsenic fraction in soils using an improved sequential extraction procedure,” Analytica Chimica Acta, Vol. 436, pp. 309-323.

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