Explosive Blasting for Rock Excavation

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2012 Vol.49, Issue 3 Preview Page Next Page

General Remarks

Explosive Blasting for Rock Excavation 화약 발파를 이용한 암반 굴착 기술: 류창하
Chang-Ha Ryu

30 June 2012. pp. 452-458

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Abstract

Explosive blasting has widely been used in the fields of mining, civil and construction engineering as a tool of rock excavation. Rock blasting has two sides of technical skill. In terms of rock blasting, the optimum result is one that maximizes production and minimizes the damage to the remaining rock. To control fragmentation the proper amount of energy must be applied at appropriate sites taking into account rock mass characteristics. On the other hand, the remaining rock mass itself is required to remain stable as a part of a structure. A special type of blasting technique must be applied in order to minimize the damage zone in the remaining rock. The key for optimum blast design is, first of all, understanding rock mass to be excavated, and finding proper explosives and blasting method. While the past researches on the blasting were quite dependent on the empirical, and trial and error based methods, the development of numerical and experimental tools makes it possible to take scientific approach to higher level of blasting technique. This paper deals with the topics of development of explosives and blasting technique, rock classification for blast design, and important issues of the day.

Keywords

Rock excavation

Explosive blasting

Blast design

Rock classification

Controlled blasting

화약 발파를 이용한 암반의 굴착 방법은 광업, 건설 토목 분야에서 암반의 굴착을 위한 수단으로 널리 이용되고 있다. 화약 발파를 이용한 암반 굴착은 1차 좋은 파쇄도를 얻을 수 있도록 충분한 에너지를 균등하게 배분하여 굴착 부분의 암반을 손상시켜야 하는 반면, 남아 있는 주위 암반으로는 에너지 전달을 최소화하여 손상을 가능한 한 좁은 범위로 국한시키도록 하여야 하는 양면성을 가지고 있다. 불확실성이 많은 암반을 대상으로 화약류, 발파방법 등 많은 인자들이 복합적으로 작용하고 있어 문제 해결을 위한 접근방법이 쉽지 않지만, 대상 암반의 특성을 이해하고 그에 적합한 화약류와 발파 방법을 찾아내는 것이 적정 설계의 열쇠가 된다. 발파 관련 연구는 과거에는 이론적 보다는 대부분 시행착오적인 경험적 방법에 의존해 왔다. 그러나 컴퓨터와 컴퓨터를 이용한 수치해석적 방법, 계측기기류 등의 발달과 함께 눈부신 발전을 보이고 있다. 본 논문에서는 화약류의 발전, 발파와 관련된 암반 평가기법, 제어발파기술과 향후 해결하여야 할 몇 가지 과제들을 고찰하였다.

키워드

암반 굴착

화약 발파

발파 설계

암 분류기법

제어발파

References

류창하, 1999, “지하비축기지 공동 굴착을 위한 발파기술의 고도화에 필요한 요소기술 개발연구,” 99 비축기지 건설기술세미나, 한국석유공사, pp. 49-76.17.
류창하, 2005, “구조물에 대한 발파진동 허용규제기준분석,”화약발파, 제 23권 3호, pp. 1-10.
류창하 등, 2010, IT 및 신소재를 활용한 급속안정화 터널시공기술개발: 터널 급속시공을 위한 신개념 굴착공법 개발, 국토해양부 한국건설교통기술평가원, p. 238.
이경운, 류창하 등, 1995, 진동으로 인한 피해의 인과관계 검토 기준 및 피해액 산정방법에 관한 연구, 중앙환경분쟁 조정위원회, p. 285.
최병희, 류창하, 정주환, 2009, “비장약량 맞춤형 터널발파 설계방법,” 화약발파, 제 27권 2호, pp. 33-41.
Calder, P.N. and Bauer, A., 1977, “Pre-Split Design for Open-Pit and Underground Mines,” 4th ISRM Symp., E185-E190.
Choi, B.H., Ryu, C.H. and Jeong, J.H., 2010, “Development of a Designing Program for Underground Blasting,” Proceedings of The 5th International Conference on Explosives and Blasting, The Japan- China- Korea Technical Committee of Explosives and Blasting, Sapporo, Japan, pp. 22-27.
Dai, F. and Xia, K., 2008, “Dynamic Tensile Strength and Fracture Toughness of Anisotropic Rocks, Proceedings of the XIth International Congress and Exposition, pp. 1-8.
Deb, K.N., Kaushik, R., Choi, B.H., Ryu, C.H. Jung, Y.B. and Sunwoo C., 2010, “Stability Assessment of a Pit Slope under Blast Loading: A Case Study of Pasir Coal Mine,” Geotechnical and Geological Engineering On the Web.
Frantz, C.E., Follansbee, P.S. and Wright, W.T., 1984, “Experimental Techniques with the Hopkinson Pressure Bar, High Energy Fabrication,” The American Society of Mechanical Engineers, New York, pp. 229-236.
Hopkinson, B., 1914, “A Method of Measuring the Pressure Produced in the Detonation of High Explosives or by the Impact of Bullets,” Philos. Trans. R. Soc. London, A, Vol. 213, pp. 437-456.
Kolsky, H., 1949, “An Investigation of the Mechanical Properties of Materials at Very High Rates of Loading,” Proc. Phys. Soc., London, B, Vol. 62, pp. 676-700.
Li, X., Zhou, Z., Zhao, F., Zuo, Y., Ma, C., Ye, Z. and Hong, L., 2009, “Mechanical properties of rock under coupled static-dynamic loads,” Journal of Rock Mechanics and Geotechnical Engineering, Vol. 1, No. 1, pp. 41-47.
Nasser, S.N., Isaacs, J.B. and Starrett, J.E., 1991, “Hopkinson Techniques for Dynamic Recovery Experiments,” Proc. R. Soc., London, Vol. 435A, pp. 371-387.
Ryu, C.H., Sunwoo, C., Lee, S.D. and Choi, H.M., 2006, “Suggestions of Rock Classification Methods for Blast Design and Application to Tunnel Blasting,” Tunnelling and Underground Space Technology, Vol. 21, No. 3, pp. 401-402.
Qian, Q., Qi, C. and Wang, M., 2009, “Dynamic strength of rocks and physical nature of rock strength,” Journal of Rock Mechanics and Geotechnical Engineering, Vol. 1, No. 1, pp. 1-10.
Zhao, J. and Li, H.B., 2000, “Experimental determination of dynamic tensile properties of a granite,” International Journal of Rock Mechanics and Mining Sciences, Vol. 37, pp. 861-866.
Zhao, J., Li, H.B., Wub, M.B. and Li, T.J., 1999, “Dynamic uniaxial compression tests on a granite,” International Journal of Rock Mechanics and Mining Sciences, Vol. 36, pp. 273-277.

Information

Publisher :The Korean Society of Mineral and Energy Resources Engineers
Publisher(Ko) :한국자원공학회
Journal Title :Journal of the Korean Society for Geosystem Engineering
Journal Title(Ko) :한국지구시스템공학회지
Volume : 49
No :3
Pages :452-458

[1] 류창하, 1999, “지하비축기지 공동 굴착을 위한 발파기술의 고도화에 필요한 요소기술 개발연구,” 99 비축기지 건설기술세미나, 한국석유공사, pp. 49-76.17.

[2] 류창하, 2005, “구조물에 대한 발파진동 허용규제기준분석,”화약발파, 제 23권 3호, pp. 1-10.

[3] 류창하 등, 2010, IT 및 신소재를 활용한 급속안정화 터널시공기술개발: 터널 급속시공을 위한 신개념 굴착공법 개발, 국토해양부 한국건설교통기술평가원, p. 238.

[4] 이경운, 류창하 등, 1995, 진동으로 인한 피해의 인과관계 검토 기준 및 피해액 산정방법에 관한 연구, 중앙환경분쟁 조정위원회, p. 285.

[5] 최병희, 류창하, 정주환, 2009, “비장약량 맞춤형 터널발파 설계방법,” 화약발파, 제 27권 2호, pp. 33-41.

[6] Calder, P.N. and Bauer, A., 1977, “Pre-Split Design for Open-Pit and Underground Mines,” 4th ISRM Symp., E185-E190.

[7] Choi, B.H., Ryu, C.H. and Jeong, J.H., 2010, “Development of a Designing Program for Underground Blasting,” Proceedings of The 5th International Conference on Explosives and Blasting, The Japan- China- Korea Technical Committee of Explosives and Blasting, Sapporo, Japan, pp. 22-27.

[8] Dai, F. and Xia, K., 2008, “Dynamic Tensile Strength and Fracture Toughness of Anisotropic Rocks, Proceedings of the XIth International Congress and Exposition, pp. 1-8.

[9] Deb, K.N., Kaushik, R., Choi, B.H., Ryu, C.H. Jung, Y.B. and Sunwoo C., 2010, “Stability Assessment of a Pit Slope under Blast Loading: A Case Study of Pasir Coal Mine,” Geotechnical and Geological Engineering On the Web.

[10] Frantz, C.E., Follansbee, P.S. and Wright, W.T., 1984, “Experimental Techniques with the Hopkinson Pressure Bar, High Energy Fabrication,” The American Society of Mechanical Engineers, New York, pp. 229-236.

[11] Hopkinson, B., 1914, “A Method of Measuring the Pressure Produced in the Detonation of High Explosives or by the Impact of Bullets,” Philos. Trans. R. Soc. London, A, Vol. 213, pp. 437-456.

[12] Kolsky, H., 1949, “An Investigation of the Mechanical Properties of Materials at Very High Rates of Loading,” Proc. Phys. Soc., London, B, Vol. 62, pp. 676-700.

[13] Li, X., Zhou, Z., Zhao, F., Zuo, Y., Ma, C., Ye, Z. and Hong, L., 2009, “Mechanical properties of rock under coupled static-dynamic loads,” Journal of Rock Mechanics and Geotechnical Engineering, Vol. 1, No. 1, pp. 41-47.

[14] Nasser, S.N., Isaacs, J.B. and Starrett, J.E., 1991, “Hopkinson Techniques for Dynamic Recovery Experiments,” Proc. R. Soc., London, Vol. 435A, pp. 371-387.

[15] Ryu, C.H., Sunwoo, C., Lee, S.D. and Choi, H.M., 2006, “Suggestions of Rock Classification Methods for Blast Design and Application to Tunnel Blasting,” Tunnelling and Underground Space Technology, Vol. 21, No. 3, pp. 401-402.

[16] Qian, Q., Qi, C. and Wang, M., 2009, “Dynamic strength of rocks and physical nature of rock strength,” Journal of Rock Mechanics and Geotechnical Engineering, Vol. 1, No. 1, pp. 1-10.

[17] Zhao, J. and Li, H.B., 2000, “Experimental determination of dynamic tensile properties of a granite,” International Journal of Rock Mechanics and Mining Sciences, Vol. 37, pp. 861-866.

[18] Zhao, J., Li, H.B., Wub, M.B. and Li, T.J., 1999, “Dynamic uniaxial compression tests on a granite,” International Journal of Rock Mechanics and Mining Sciences, Vol. 36, pp. 273-277.

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