All Issue

2019 Vol.56, Issue 1 Preview Page

General Remarks

Status of Marine Seismic Exploration Technology

해저 탄성파 탐사 기술의 현황

Ho-Young Lee1
,
Nam-Hyung Koo23
,
Byoung-Yeop Kim1
,
Moohee Kang1
,
Keun-Pil Park4*
이 호영1
,
구 남형23
,
김 병엽1
,
강 무희1
,
박 근필4*
1한국지질자원연구원 석유해저연구본부
2한국지질자원연구원 탐사선건조사업단
3과학기술연합대학원대학교 석유자원공학과
4서울대학교 에너지자원공학과
* Corresponding Author
28 February 2019. pp. 86-106
PDF XML Citation
Abstract

In this study, we examined the current status and future trends of the Korean and overseas marine seismic exploration technology. The marine seismic exploration technology is particularly useful to understand subsurface structures. It has been widely developed to find oil and gas resources in subsurface layers. The seismic exploration technology has been developed from a two-dimensional line survey to three- and four-dimensional surveys of the same area, several times, to identify changes over time. That approach enables an understanding not only of two-dimensional structures along the survey line but also of three-dimensional structures and deformation. In addition to that, attribute analysis and multicomponent seismic exploration technologies have been developed to identify the physical properties of pore fluids, such as oil and gas, and the broadband survey to obtain high-resolution seismic images to prevent specific frequency loss and the various azimuth acquisitions which do not depend on a particular shooting direction. Moreover, multiple attenuation, depth migration, and full waveform inversion have been performed using a supercomputer composed of PC clusters or GPUs for data processing. Various attribute analysis technologies that use computers were considerably developed for data interpretation. Finally, a high-resolution shallow exploration technology, which uses an oil exploration technology, has been developed for precise engineering exploration and geological shallow water survey.

Keywords
marine seismic exploration
data acquisition
data processing
data interpretation
multicomponent survey

이 논문에서는 국내외 해저 탄성파 탐사 기술의 현황과 향후 발전 방향을 알아보고자 한다. 해저 탄성파 탐사는 해저 지층구조 파악에 매우 유용한 기술로 해저에 부존하는 석유와 가스 자원을 찾기 위해 크게 발전하였다. 탄성파 탐사 기술은 측선을 탐사하는 2차원 탐사에서부터, 일정 지역을 조밀하게 탐사하는 3차원 탐사, 같은 지역을 여러 번 탐사하여 시간에 따른 변화를 파악하는 4차원 탐사로 발전하여 측선 단면상의 지층 구조뿐만 아니라 입체적인 지층 구조와 변형의 파악이 가능하게 되었다. 한편 석유 ․ 가스와 같은 유체의 부존 특성을 파악하는 속성 분석 또는 다성분 탄성파 탐사 기술이 발전하였으며, 특정 주파수 손실을 방지하여 고해상도의 탄성파 영상을 획득할 수 있는 광대역 탐사와 음원-수진기 방향에 편중되지 않은 자료를 취득하는 방위각 탐사가 발전하였다. 그리고 PC 클러스터 또는 GPU로 구성된 슈퍼 컴퓨터를 이용하여 자료처리 분야에서 겹반사 제거, 심도영역 참반사 보정과 파형역산이 수행되고 있으며, 자료해석 분야에서 컴퓨터를 이용한 다양한 속성 분석 기술이 크게 발전하였다. 또한 정밀한 엔지니어링 탐사와 천부의 지질 조사를 위하여 석유탐사 기술을 응용한 천부 고해상 탐사기술이 발전되었다.

키워드
해저 탄성파 탐사
자료취득
자료처리
자료해석
다성분 탐사
References
1
Albertin, U., Kapoor, J., Randall, R., Smith, M., Brown, G., Soufleris, C., Whitfield, P., Dewey, F., Farnsworth, J., Grubitz, G., and Kemme, M., 2002. The time for depth imaging. Oilfield Review, 14(1), 2-15.
2
Alford, R.M., 1986. Shear data in the presence of azimuthal anisotropy: Dilley, Texas. SEG Technical Program Expanded Abstracts 1986, 476-479.
3
Alkhalifah, T., 1995. Gaussian beam depth migration for anisotropic media. Geophysics, 60(5), 1474-1484.
10.1190/1.1443881
4
Autonomous Robotics, 2019.02.03., autonomousroboticsltd.com.
5
Avedik, F., Renard, V., Allenou, J.P., and Morvan, B., 1993. "Single bubble" air‐gun array for deep exploration. Geophysics, 58(3), 366-382.
10.1190/1.1443420
6
Baaziz, A. and Quoniam, L., 2013. How to use big data technologies to optimize operations in upstream petroleum industry. Int. J. Innov. 1, 30-42.
10.5585/iji.v1i1.4
7
Bae, H.S., Shin, C., Cha, Y.H., Choi, Y., and Min. D., 2010. 2D acoustic-elastic coupled waveform inversion in the Laplace domain. Geophys. Prospect. 58, 997-1010.
10.1111/j.1365-2478.2010.00879.x
8
Bahorich, M. and Farmer, S., 1995. 3D seismic discontinuity for faults and stratigraphic features: The coherence cube. The Leading Edge, 14, 1053-1058.
10.1190/1.1437077
9
Bahorich, M.S., Lopez, J.A., Haskell, N.L., Nissen, S.E., and Poole, A., 1995. Stratigraphic and structural interpretation with 3D coherence. 65th Annual International Meeting. SEG, 97-100.
10
Barkved, O., Bartman, B., Compani, B., Gaiser, J., Dok, R.V., Johns, T., Kristiansen, P., Probert, T., and Thompson, M., 2004. The many facets of multicomponent seismic data. Oilfield Review, Summer, 42-56.
11
Bedenbender, J.W., Johnston, R.C., and Neitzel, E.B., 1970. Electroacoustic characteristics of marine seismic streamers. Geophysics, 35(6), 1054-1072.
10.1190/1.1440142
12
Bellwald, B., Waage, M., Planke, S., Lebedeva-Ivanova, N., Polteau, S., Tasianas, A., Bünz, S., Plaza-Faverola, A.A., Berndt, C., Stokke, H.H., Millett, J., and Myklebust, R., 2018. Monitoring of CO2 leakage using high-resolution 3D seismic data - examples from Snøhvit, Vestnesa Ridge and the Western Barents Sea. EAGE Fifth CO2 Geological Storage Workshop, We CO2 P03.
13
Ben-Hadj-Ali, H., Operto, S., and Virieux, J., 2011. An efficient frequency-domain full waveform inversion method using simultaneous encoded sources. Geophysics, 76(4), R109-R124.
10.1190/1.3581357
14
Berg, E., Amundsen, L., Morton, A., Mjelde, R., Shimamura, H., Shiobara, H., Kanazawa, T., Kodaira, S., and Fjellanger, J.P., 2001. Three-component OBS-data processing for lithology and fluid prediction in the mid-Norway margin, NE Atlantic. Earth Planets Space, 53, 75-89.
10.1186/BF03352365
15
Breitzke, M., Boebel, O., Naggar, S.E., Jokat, W., and Werner, B., 2008. Broad-band calibration of marine seismic sources used by R/V Polarstern for academic research in polar regions. Geophys. J. Int. 174(2), 505-524.
10.1111/j.1365-246X.2008.03831.x
16
Buia, M., Flores, P.E., Hill, D., Palmer, E., Ross, R., Walker, R., Houbiers, M., Thompson, M., Laura, S., Menlikli, C., Moldoveanu, N., and Snyder, E., 2008. Shooting seismic surveys in circles. Oilfield Review, 20, 18-31.
17
Bulat, J. and Long, D., 2006. Use of 3D Seismic data as a substitute for high resolution seismic surveys for site investigation. HSE Research Report 459, British Geological Survey.
18
Caldwell, J. and Dragoset, W., 2000. A brief overview of seismic air-gun arrays. The Leading Edge, 19, 898-902.
10.1190/1.1438744
19
Carlson, D., Long, A., Söllner, W., Tabti, H., Tenghamn, R., and Lunde, N., 2007. Increased resolution and penetration from a towed dual-sensor streamer. First Break, 25(12), 71-77.
20
Cary, P.W. and Couzens, R.A., 2000. Processing 4-C data from Mahogany field, Gulf of Mexico. SEG/EAGE Summer Research Workshop, Boise, Idaho.
21
Choi, H., Seol, S.J., and Byun, J., 2015. New imaging condition of elastic reverse-time migration for converted waves. SEG Technical Program Expanded Abstracts 2015, 2118-2123.
22
Choi, W. and Pyun, S., 2018. Broadband seismic exploration technologies via ghost removal. Geophysics and Geophysical Exploration, 21(3), 183-197.
23
Chopra, S. and Marfurt, K.J., 2007, Seismic Attributes for Prospect Identification and Reservoir Characterization. SEG Geophysical Development Series, No. 11, SEG, Tulsa, Oklahoma, 464p.
10.1190/1.9781560801900
24
Chung, W., Pyun, S., Bae, H.S., Shin, C., and Marfurt, K.J. 2012. Implementation of elastic reverse-time migration using wavefield separation in the frequency domain. Geophys. J. Int. 189(3), 1611-1625.
10.1111/j.1365-246X.2012.05431.x
25
Digranes, P. and Kristoffersen, Y., 1995. Use of mode-converted waves in marine seismic data to investigate the lithology of the sub-bottom sediments in Isfjorden, Svalbard. Pure Appl. Geophys. 145, 313-325.
10.1007/BF00880273
26
Digranes, P., Mjelde, R., Kodaira, S., Shimamura, H., Kanazawa, T., Shiobara, H., and Berg, E.W., 1996. Modeling shear waves in OBS data from the Voring Basin by 2-D ray-tracing. Pure Appl. Geophys. 147, 611-629.
10.1007/BF01089694
27
Dowle, R., 2006. Solid streamer noise reduction principles. SEG Technical Program Expanded Abstracts 2006, 85-89.
28
Dragoset, B., 2000. Introduction to air guns and air-gun arrays. The Leading Edge, 19, 892-897.
10.1190/1.1438741
29
Du, X., Bancroft, J.C., and Lines, L.R., 2007. Anisotropic reverse‐time migration for tilted TI media. Geophys. Prospect. 55, 853-869.
10.1111/j.1365-2478.2007.00652.x
30
Ebuna, D.R., Mitchell, T.J., Hogan, P.J., Nishenko, S., and Greene, H.G., 2013. High-resolution offshore 3D seismic geophysical studies of infrastructure geohazards. SAGEEP 2013, 311-320.
10.4133/sageep2013-110.1
31
Fanchi, J.R., Pagano, T.A., and Davis, T.L., 1999. State-of-the-art of 4D seismic monitoring. Oil & Gas J., May 31, 28-43.
32
Gauthier, O., Virieux, J., and Tarantola, A., 1986. Two-dimensional non-linear inversion of seismic waveforms: Numerical results. Geophysics, 51, 1387-1403.
10.1190/1.1442188
33
Gazdag, J., 1978. Wave equation migration with the phase-shift method. Geophysics, 43(7), 1342-1351.
10.1190/1.1440899
34
Geiser, J. and Probert, T., 2006. Significant developments in multicomponent seismic exploration in the last five years and future direction. CSEG RECORDER 2006 Special Edition, 60-64.
35
George, D., 1996. Longer cable multistreamer acquisitions key to greater accuracy in 3D seismic data. Offshore, Jan 1.
36
Gersztenkorn, A. and Marfurt, K.J., 1999. Eigenstructure-based coherence computation as an aid to 3-D structural and stratigraphic mapping. Geophysics, 64, 1468-1479.
10.1190/1.1444651
37
Granli, J.R., Arntsen, B., Solid, A., and Hilde, E., 1999. Imaging through gas-filled sediments using marine shear-wave data. Geophysics, 64(3), 668-677.
10.1190/1.1444576
38
Gutowski, M., Bull, J.M., Dix, J.K., Henstock, T.J., Hogarth, P., Hiller, T., Leighton, T.G., and White, P.R., 2008. Threedimensional high-resolution acoustic imaging of the sub-seabed. Appl. Acoust. 69, 412-421.
10.1016/j.apacoust.2006.08.013
39
Ha, W., Chung, W., Park, E., and Shin, C., 2012. 2-D acoustic Laplace-domain waveform inversion of marine field data. Geophys. J. Int. 190(1), 421-428.
10.1111/j.1365-246X.2012.05487.x
40
Hardage, B.A., 2010. Elastic-wavefield seismic stratigraphy and reservoir characterization. in D. H. Johnston, ed., Methods and application in reservoir geophysics (SEG Investigations in Geophysics No. 15), Chapter 6 The road ahead, 513-530.
41
Hardage, B.A., DeAngelo, M.V., Murray, P.E., and Sava, D., 2011. Multicomponent Seismic Technology, SEG, 318p.
10.1190/1.9781560802891
42
Hatchell, P., Kamarudin, M.R., Wang, K., Lopez, J., Bakku, S., Yang, Z., Kudarova, A., Gee, V., Mestayer, J., King, K., Brookshire, B., Majlik, E., Gaytan, J., Eriksen, O., and Ha, R., 2017. Low-cost high-resolution 3D and 4D seismic for deepwater fields. SEG Technical Program Expanded Abstracts 2017, 5782-5786.
43
Hay, T., 2018. The changing face of the seismic sector. Exploration & Production website, https://www.epmag.com.
44
Haumonté, L., 2017. The future of marine seismic acquisition? GEOExPro website, https://www.geoexpro.com.
45
Huang, L.-J. and Wu, R.-S., 1996. Prestack depth migration with acoustic screen propagators. SEG Technical Program Expanded Abstracts 1996, 415-418.
46
Hyun, B.K., Kim, J.Y., Kim, J.H., Shin, C., and Song, Y., 2017. Recent advances and trends of geophysical exploration in energy resources engineering in Korea. The National Academy of Sciences, Republic of Korea, 480p.
47
IAGC, 2011. An overview of marine seismic operations. www.iagc.org.
48
Ikelle, L.T. and Amundsen, L., 2005. Introduction to Petroleum Seismology, SEG, 273-287.
49
Isaac, J.H. and Lawton, D.C., 1999. Imaging mispositioning due to dipping ti media, A physical seismic modeling study. Geophysics, 64, 1230-1238.
10.1190/1.1444629
50
Jeong, W., Lee, H.-Y., and Min, D.-J., 2012. Full waveform inversion strategy for density in the frequency domain. Geophys. J. Int. 188(3), 1221-1242.
10.1111/j.1365-246X.2011.05314.x
51
Joh, M.H. and Yoo, D.G., 2009. Plio-Quaternary Seismic Stratigraphy and Depositional History on the Southern Ulleun Basin, East Korea. The Sea, 14(2), 90-101.
52
Kim, B.Y. and Byun, J., 2009. P-wave velocity analysis around the BSR Using wide-angle ocean-bottom seismic data. Jigu-Mulli-wa-Mulli-Tamsa, 12(2), 173-182.
53
Kim, B.Y. and Byun, J.M., 2011. S-wave velocity derivation near the BSR depth of the gas-hydrate prospect area using marine mult-component seismic data. Econ. Environ. Geol. 44(3), 229-238.
10.9719/EEG.2011.44.3.229
54
Kim, B.Y., Seol, S.J., Lee, H.-Y., and Byun, J., 2016a. Prestack elastic generalized-screen migration for multicomponent data. J. Appl. Geophys. 126, 116-127.
10.1016/j.jappgeo.2016.01.016
55
Kim, C.S., Cho, K.J., Ahn, U.S., Yang, S.J., and Suh J.H., 1967. Geophysical prospecting on the Pohang offshore area. Geological Survey of Korea, Report of Geophysical Exploration, 1(1), 61-84.
56
Kim, C.S., Cho, K.J., and Yang, S.J., 1969. Report on geophysical prospecting in the Yellow Sea and the East-China Sea. Geological Survey of Korea, Report of Geophysical Exploration, 3(1), 21-42.
57
Kim, H.-J., Jou, H.-T., Cho, H.-M., Bijwaard, H., Sato, T., Hong, J.-K., Yoo, H.-S., and Baag, C.-E., 2003. Crustal structure of the continental margin of Korea in the East Sea (Japan Sea) from deep seismic sounding data: evidence for rifting affected by the hotter than normal mantle. Tectonophysics, 364, 25-42.
10.1016/S0040-1951(03)00048-9
58
Kim, H.-J., Lee, G.H., Choi, D.L., Jou H.-T., Li, Z., Zheng, Y., Kim, G.-Y., Lee, S.-H., and Kwon, Y.K., 2015. Back-arc rifting in the Korea Plateau in the East Sea (Japan Sea) and the separation of the southwestern Japan Arc from the Korean margin. Tectonophysics, 638, 147-157.
10.1016/j.tecto.2014.11.003
59
Kim, N.W. and Seriff, A.J., 1992. Marine PSSP reflection with a bottom velocity transition zone. Geophysics, 57, 161-170.
10.1190/1.1443180
60
Kim, S.-m., Koo, N.-H., and Lee, H.-Y., 2016b. Broadband processing of conventional marine seismic data through source and receiver deghosting in frequency-ray parameter domain. Geophysics and Geophysical Exploration, 19(4), 220-227.
10.7582/GGE.2016.19.4.220
61
Kim, W., Shin, J., Kim, H., Yi, B., Park, C., Kim, C., Seo, G., Cho, D., Jung, Y., Lee, H.-Y., and Kang, D.-H., 2018. Imaging the completely buried anomaly using a small-ship three-dimensional seismic survey system. J. Coastal Res. 85, 1196-1200.
10.2112/SI85-240.1
62
Kim, Y., Shin, C., Henri, C., and Min, D., 2013. An algorithm for 3D acoustic time-Laplace-Fourier-domain hybrid full waveform inversion. Geophysics, 78, R151-R166.
10.1190/geo2012-0155.1
63
Kim, Y.-J., Koo, N.-H., Reidel, M., Namgoong, H., Lee, J.-M., Cheong, S., Joo, Y., Yoo, D.-G., Chun, J.-H., and Lee, H.-Y., 2017. A case study on swell correction of Chirp sub-bottom profiler (SBP) data using multi-beam echo sounder (MBES) data. J. Appl. Geophys. 145, 100-110.
10.1016/j.jappgeo.2017.08.001
64
Koo, J.H., Yang, S.J., Kim, C.M., Lee, W.Y., Chun, W.J., and Kim Y.D., 1971. Report on marine geophysical prospecting in offshore area of Seasan district. Geological Survey of Korea, Report of Marine Geology and Geophysics, 1(2), 21-42.
65
Koo, N.-H., Shin, C., Min, D.-J., Park, K.-P., and Lee, H.-Y., 2011. Source estimation and direct wave reconstruction in Laplace‐domain waveform inversion for deep‐sea seismic data. Geophys. J. Int. 187(2), 861-870
10.1111/j.1365-246X.2011.05141.x
66
Korea Institute of Geoscience and Mineral resources (KIGAM), 2005. Research on stratigraphy and tectonics of southeastern Korean offshore using seismic exploration technology. KIGAM research report, OAA2004005-2005(2), 183p.
67
Korea Institute of Geoscience and Mineral resources (KIGAM), 2007. Technology for geophysical characterization of hydrocarbon accumulation and development of tight gas reservoirs, KIGAM research report, GP2007-013-2007(1), 287p.
68
Korea Institute of Geoscience and Mineral Resources (KIGAM), 2014. Technological development on multi-azimuthal 3D exploration and reservoir evaluation of the Jeju Basin. KIGAM research report, GP2012-2014-2014(3), 215p.
69
Korea Institute of Geoscience and Mineral resources (KIGAM), 2016. Development of high performance petroleum and marine seismic data processing and multicomponent seismic technology. KIGAM research report, GP2015-045-2016(2), 289p.
70
Kragh, E., Muyzert, E., Curtis, T., Svendsen, M., and Kapadia, D., 2010. Efficient broadband marine acquisition and processing for improved resolution and deep imaging. The Leading Edge, 29, 464-469.
10.1190/1.3378309
71
Kumar, D., 2005. Analysis of Multicomponent Seismic Data from the Hydrate Ridge, Offshore Oregon. PhD thesis, The University of Texas at Austin.
72
Kwon, J., Miller-Evans, I., and Shin, C., 2017. Efficient Laplace constant selection strategy for Laplace domain waveform inversion. SEG Technical Program Expanded Abstracts 2017.
73
Lailly, P., 1983. The seismic inverse problem as a sequence of before stack migrations, in Bednar, J.B., Redner, R., Robinson, E., and Weglein, A., Eds. Conference on Inverse Scattering: Theory and Application, Society of Industrial Applied Mathmatics, 206-220.
74
Landrø, M. and Amundsen, L., 2010. Marine Seismic Sources Part I. GeoExpro, 7(1).
75
Le Rousseau, J.H., and De Hoop, M.V., 2001. Modeling and imaging with the scalar generalized-screen algorithms in isotropic media. Geophysics, 66(5), 1551-1568.
10.1190/1.1487101
76
Lee, H.-Y. and Im, H.-G., 2005. Geophysical gas hydrate exploration in the East Sea, International Symposium on Gas Hydrate Technology aT Center, Seoul, Korea November 10-11, 2005, 69-73.
77
Lee, H.-Y., Kim, W., Koo, N.-H., Park, K.-P., Yoo, D.-G., Kang, D.-H., Kim, Y.-G., Seo, G.-S., and Hwang, K.-D., 2014. Resolution analysis of shallow marine seismic data acquired using an airgun and an 8-channel streamer cable. J. Appl. Geophys. 105, 203-212.
10.1016/j.jappgeo.2014.03.021
78
Lee, H.-Y., Park, K.-P., Koo, N.-H., Yoo, D.-G., Kang, D.-H., Kim, Y.-G., Hwang, K.-D., and Kim, J.-C., 2004. High-resolution shallow marine seismic surveys off Busan and Pohang, Korea, using a small-scale multichannel system. J. Appl. Geophys. 56, 1-15.
10.1016/j.jappgeo.2004.03.003
79
Liu, H., Li, B., Lui, H., Tong, X., Liu, Q., Wang, X., and Liu, W., 2012. The issues of prestack reverse time migration and solutions with graphic processing unit implementation. Geophys. Prospect. 60, 906-918.
10.1111/j.1365-2478.2011.01032.x
80
Long, A., 2009. Evolutions in seismic azimuth: past, present and future. Geohorizons, July 4.
81
MacLeod, M.K., Hanson, R.A., Bell, C.R., and McHugo, S., 1999. The Alba field ocean bottom cable seismic survey: Impact on development. Offshore European Conference, SPE 56977.
82
Marfurt, K.J., 2006. Robust estimates of reflector dip and azimuth. Geophysics, 71, 29-40.
10.1190/1.2213049
83
Marfurt, K.J., 2018. Seismic Attributes as the Framework for Data Intergration Throughout the Oilfield Life Cycle. SEG Distinguished Instructer Series, No. 21, SEG, Tulsa, Oklahoma, 494p.
84
McIntosh, K., Akbar, F., Calderon, C., Stoffa, P., Operto, S., Christeson, G., Nakamura, Y., Shipley, T., Flueh, E., Stavenhagen, A., and Leandro, G., 2000. Large aperture seismic imaging at a convergent margin: Techniques and results from the Costa Rica seismogenic zone. Mar. Geophys. Res. 21, 451-474.
10.1023/A:1026597927732
85
Michea, D. and Komatitsch, D., 2010. Accelerating a three dimensional finite-difference wave propagation code using GPU graphics cards. Geophys. J. Int. 182, 389-402.
10.1111/j.1365-246X.2010.04616.x
86
Mienert, J., Bunz, S., Buidard, S., Vanneste, M., and Berndt, C., 2005. Ocean bottom seismometer investigation in the Ormen Lange area offshore Mid-Norway provide evidence for shallow gas layers in subsuface sediments. Mar. Petrol. Geol. 22, 287-297.
10.1016/j.marpetgeo.2004.10.020
87
Min, D.-J. and Shin, C., 2006. Refraction tomography using a waveform-inversion back-propagation technique. Geophysics, 71(3). R21-R30.
10.1190/1.2194522
88
Min, D.-J., Shin, C., Kwon, B.-D., and Chung, S, 2000. Improved frequency-domain elastic wave modeling using weighted-averaging difference operators. Geophysics, 65(3), 884-895.
10.1190/1.1444785
89
Mitchum, R.M., Vail, P.R., and Thomson, S., 1977. Seismic stratigraphy and global changes of sea level, Part 6: Stratigraphic Interpretation of Seismic Reflection Patterns in Depositional Sequences. Seismic Stratigraphy-application to hydrocarbon exploration (ed. Payton, C.), AAPG Memoir 26, 117-133.
90
Mjelde, R., 2003. Ocean Bottom Seismic. Business briefing: Exploration & Production 2003, 1-3.
91
Mora, P., 1987. Nonlinear two-dimensional elastic inversion of multioffset seismic data. Geophysics, 52, 1211-1228.
10.1190/1.1442384
92
Müller, C., Woelz, S., Ersoy, Y., Boyce, J., Jokisch, T., Wendt, G., and Rabbel, W., 2009. Ultra-high-resolution marine 2D-3D seismic investigation of the Liman Tepe/Karantina Island archaeological site (Urla/Turkey).J. Appl. Geophys. 68, 124-134.
10.1016/j.jappgeo.2008.10.015
93
Nissen, S.E., Combes, J.M., and Nekut, A.G., 1999. Acquisition, processing, and analysis of shallow, high-resolution seismic data from the outer continental shelf and upper slope, offshore Louisiana. J. Sediment. Res. 69, 300-316.
10.2110/jsr.69.300
94
Oh, J.-W. and Min, D.-J., 2017. Multi-parameter full waveform inversion using Poisson's ratio for elastic media. Explor. Geophys. 48, 456-475.
10.1071/EG16063
95
Olofsson, B., Probert, T., Kommedal, J.H., and Barkved, O.I., 2003. Azimuthal anisotropy from the Valhall 4C 3D survey. The Leading Edge, 22(12), 1228-1235.
10.1190/1.1641375
96
Park, K.-P., Lee, H.-Y., Koo, N.-H., Kim, K.-O., Kang, M.-H., Jang, S.-H., and Kim, Y.-G., 1999. 240 channel marine seismic data acquisition by Tamhae II.Mulli-Tamsa, 2(2), 77-85.
97
Parkes, G. and Hegna, S., 2011. An acquisition system that extracts the earth response from seismic data. First Break, 29, 81-87.
98
Peak Seismic Solutions, 2019.02.03., www.peakseismic.com.
99
Perz, M.J. and Masoomzadeh, H., 2014. Deterministic marine deghosting: tutorial and recent advances. GeoConvention 2014, FOCUS, 1-6.
100
Posthumus, B.J., 1993. Deghosting using a twin streamer configuration. Geophys. Prospect. 41, 267-286.
10.1111/j.1365-2478.1993.tb00570.x
101
Pratt, R.G., Shin, C., and Hicks, G.J. 1998, Gauss-Newton and full Newton methods in frequency-space seismic waveform inversion. Geophys. J. Int. 133, 341-362.
10.1046/j.1365-246X.1998.00498.x
102
Pyun, S., Son, W., and Shin, C., 2011. 3D acoustic waveform inversion in the Laplace domain using an iterative solver. Geophys. Prospect. 59, 386-399.
10.1111/j.1365-2478.2010.00927.x
103
Ramsay, P., 2017. Sub-bottom profiling acquisition techniques in HYPACKⓇ. http://www.hypack.com/.
104
Ray, A., Noltem, B., and Herron, D., 2005. An experimental nodal OBS acquisition from the Thunder Horse Field, Gulf of Mexico. The Leading Edge, 24(4), 410-412.
10.1190/1.1901395
105
Reinders, J. and Jeffers, J., 2015. High performance parallelism Pearls. Morgan Kaufmann.
106
Rice, S.L., Dudley, T., Schneider, C., and Pierce, R.J., 2014. Exploration data acquisition in the arctic offshore. Arctic Potential: Realizing the Promise of U.S. Arctic Oil and Gas Resources, National Petroleum Council (NPC).
107
Sheriff, R.E. and Geldart, L.P., 1983. Exploration Seismology, vol. 1: History, theory & data acquisition. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, UK, 253p.
108
Shin, C. and Cha, Y., 2008. Waveform inversion in the Laplace domain. Geophys. J. Int. 173, 922-931.
10.1111/j.1365-246X.2008.03768.x
109
Shin, C. and Cha, Y., 2009. Waveform inversion in the Laplace-Fourier domain. Geophys. J. Int. 177, 1067-1079.
10.1111/j.1365-246X.2009.04102.x
110
Shin, C. and Ha, W., 2008. A comparision between the behavior of objective functions for waveform inversion in the frequency and Laplace domain. Geophysics, 73, VE119-VE133.
10.1190/1.2953978
111
Shin, C. and Min, D.-J., 2006. Waveform inversion using a logarithmic wavefield. Geophysics, 71, R31-R42.
10.1190/1.2194523
112
Shin, S.R., Chung, W., Ha, J., and Ko, H., 2013. An introduction to marine geophysical exploration technique and its application. J. Korean Soc. Miner. Energy Resour. Eng. 50(4), 596-606.
10.12972/ksmer.2013.50.4.596
113
Siliqi, R., Payen, T., Sablon, R., and Desrues, K., 2013. Synchronized multi-level source, a robust broadband marine solution. SEG Technical Program Expanded Abstracts 2013, 56-60.
114
Son, W., Pyun, S., Lee, H.-Y., Koo, N.-H., and Shin, C., 2016. An efficient 3D traveltime calculation using coarse-grid mesh for shallow-depth source. J. Appl. Geophys. 133, 25-29.
10.1016/j.jappgeo.2016.07.025
115
Soubaras, R. and Dowle, R., 2010, Variable-depth streamer - a broadband marine solution. First Break, 28, 89-96.
116
Stoffa, P.L., Fokkema, J.T., de Luna Freire, R.M., and Kessinger, W.P., 1990. Split-step Fourier migration. Geophysics, 55(4), 410-421.
10.1190/1.1442850
117
Suh, S., Yeh, A., Wang, B., Cai, J., Yoon, K., and Li, Z., 2010. Cluster programming for reverse time migration. The Leading Edge, 29, 94-97.
10.1190/1.3284058
118
Taner, M.T. and Sheriff, R.E., 1977. Application of amplitude, frequency, and other attributes to stratigraphic and hydrocarbon determination: in Applications to hydrocarbon exploration, Payton, C.E., Ed., AAPG Memoir 26: Tulsa, AAPG, 301-327.
119
Taner, M.T., Koehler, F., and Sheriff, R.E., 1979. Complex seismic trace analysis. Geophysics, 44, 1041-1063.
10.1190/1.1440994
120
Tang, B., Xu, S., and Zhou, H., 2014. A fast RTM implementation in TTI media. SEG Technical Program Expanded Abstracts 2014, 3892-3897.
121
Tarantola, A., 1984. Inversion of seismic reflection data in the acoustic approximation. Geophysics, 49, 1259-1266.
10.1190/1.1441754
122
Tarantola, A., 1986. A strategy for nonlinear elastic inversion of seismic reflection data. Geophysics, 51, 1893-1903.
10.1190/1.1442046
123
Vardy, M.E., Dix, J.K., Henstock, T.J., Bull, J.M., and Gutowski, M., 2008. Decimeter-resolution 3D seismic volume in shallow water: A case study in small-object detection. Geophysics, 73, B33-B40.
10.1190/1.2829389
124
Vermeer, G.J.O., 2012. 3D seismic survey design, 2nd ed., SEG, Tulsa, 269p.
10.1190/1.9781560803041
125
Wang, C., 2003. Velocity Estimation from Seismic Data by Nonlinear Inversion and Characterization of Gas Hydrate Deposits Offshore Oregon. PhD thesis, The University of Texas at Austin.
126
Weibull, W., Arntsen, B., Houbiers, M., and Mispel, J., 2012. Automatic anisotropic migration velocity analysis for reverse-time migration. SEG Technical Program Expanded Abstracts 2012, 1-5.
127
Yang, P., Gao, J., and Wang, B., 2014. RTM using effective boundary saving: A staggered grid GPU implementation. Computat. Geosci. 68, 64-72.
10.1016/j.cageo.2014.04.004
128
Yilmaz, O., 2001. Seismic data analysis: processing, inversion and interpretation of seismic data, 2nd ed., SEG, Tulsa, 2027p.
10.1190/1.9781560801580
129
Yoo, D.G., 2013. Introduction to petroleum geophysical exploration technology. The Petroleum, KNOC, 186-219.
130
Zachariadis, R.G., Thomason, H.B., and Teague, H.E., 1983. Ocean bottom seismometers in seismic exploration surveys: planning and operations. SEG Technical Program Expanded Abstracts 1983, S15.6, 468-470.
131
Zhang, Z., Wu, Z., Wang, B., and Ji, J., 2015. Time variant deghosting and its applications in WAZ data. SEG Technical Program Expanded Abstracts 2015, 4600-4604.
Information
  • Publisher :The Korean Society of Mineral and Energy Resources Engineers
  • Publisher(Ko) :한국자원공학회
  • Journal Title :Journal of the Korean Society of Mineral and Energy Resources Engineers
  • Journal Title(Ko) :한국자원공학회지
  • Volume : 56
  • No :1
  • Pages :86-106
  • Received Date : 2019-02-21
  • Revised Date : 2019-02-22
  • Accepted Date : 2019-02-22
  • DOI :https://doi.org/10.32390/ksmer.2019.56.1.086
Journal Informaiton Journal of the Korean Society of Mineral and Energy Resources Engineers Journal of the Korean Society of Mineral and Energy Resources Engineers
Online Submission
  • NRF
  • KOFST
  • crossref crossmark
  • crossref cited-by
  • KCI 문헌 유사도 검사
  • orcid
  • open access
  • ccl
Journal Informaiton Journal Informaiton - close