Weathering Degree Assessment of Tuff Stone Monument Using Reflectance Spectroscopy

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2010 Vol.47, Issue 4 Preview Page Next Page

Weathering Degree Assessment of Tuff Stone Monument Using Reflectance Spectroscopy 반사분광학을 이용한 응회암 석조문화재의 풍화도 평가: 현창욱, 박형동
Chang-Uk Hyun and Hyeong-Dong Park

31 August 2010. pp. 515-529

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Abstract

Weathering degree assessment of rocks has been conducted with naked-eyes of geologists, microscopic analysis and X-ray analysis methods. Those conventional methods have limitations to produce subjective and biased judgment, destroy of objects and time-consuming procedures, and cannot conduct quantitative, non-destructive and in-situ experiments. To overcome the above mentioned limitations, new non-destructive weathering degree assessment method was developed from the spectral reflectances including the intrinsic and diagnostic absorption features of minerals with the wavelength ranges from visible to near infrared. The non-destructive assessment method was applied to the tuff sculpture and pagoda in Unjusa temple, Hwasun County, Jeollanam-do, Korea, and the weathering degrees were measured on the surface of the monuments. The map of weathering degree corresponded with the trends of the wind directions and rain. The weathering degree assessment method can be applied to the stone monuments composed of various rock types with the advantages of non-destructive and areal measurement.

Keywords

Tuff

Stone monument

Reflectance spectroscopy

Spectrometer

암석의 풍화도는 지질 전문가에 의한 육안분석, 현미경 관찰, X-선 응용 기법을 통해 평가가 이루어졌으나 이러한 방법은 주관적 해석에 의한 오차 발생, 시료가공으로 인한 대상 손상, 실험실 실험을 위한 시간 소모 등 정량 분석, 비파괴 분석, 현장 적용성의 측면에서 제한이 있다. 본 연구에서는 가시광과 근적외선 파장영역에서 구성 광물의 고유한 에너지 흡수특성을 나타내는 분광반사특성을 기반으로 암석의 상대적 풍화도를 산정할 수 있는 비파괴 평가기법을 개발하여 기존 기법들의 제한 요소들을 극복하고자 하였다. 본 기법을 전라남도 화순군 운주사에 있는 응회암 기반의 마애불과 석탑을 대상으로 적용하여 측정 지점별 풍화 정도를 산정하고 풍화 지도를 작성한 결과, 강우 및 풍향에 따른 풍화특성과 일치함을 확인할 수 있었다. 본 기법의 비파괴적 특징 및 대상 영역 전체에 대한 풍화 정도 파악이 가능하다는 장점은 향후 다양한 암종의 석조문화재에 대한 풍화도 평가기법으로 적용이 가능할 것으로 기대된다.

키워드

응회암

석조문화재

반사분광학

분광계

References

이효성, 박형동, 2004, “수치 마이크로사진측량에 의한 암석시료 표면의 체적변화량 결정,”한국지구시스템공학회지, 제 41권 1호, pp. 1-6.
전남대학교 박물관, 1991, 운주사종합학술조사, 418p.
지광훈, 이성순, 이홍진, 2007, 지표피복물 분광정보 라이브러리, 한국지질자원연구원, 261p.
현창욱, 박형동, 2007, “화강암 풍화도의 반사 분광학적 진단 기법 연구,”한국지구시스템공학회지, 제44권 6호, pp. 500-509.
Baldridge, A.M., Hook, S.J., Grove, C.I. and Rivera, G., 2009, “he ASTER spectral library version 2.0,”Remote Sensing of Environment, Vol. 113, pp. 711-715.
Burns, R., 1993, Mineralogical applications of crystal field theory, 2nd ed., Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, 551p.
Cheong, C.H. and Kim, G.S., 1966, Explanatory text of the geological map of Neungju sheet, Geological survey of Korea, 42p.
Clark, R.N. and Roush, T.L., 1984, “eflectance spectroscopy: Quantitative analysis techniques for remote sensing applications,” Journal of Geophysical Research, Vol. 89, pp. 6329-6340.
Clark, R.N., 1999, Chapter 1: Spectroscopy of rocks and minerals, and principles of spectroscopy, Manual of remote sensing, 3rd ed., Vol. 3, Wiley, New York, pp. 3-58.
Clark, R.N., Swayze, G.A., Wise, R., Livo, E., Hoefen, T., Kokaly, R., Sutley, S.J., 2007, USGS digital spectral library splib06a, U.S. Geological Survey, Digital Data Series 231.
Dearman, W.R., 1974, “eathering classification in the characterization of rock for engineering purpose in British practice,”Bulletin of the International Association of Engineering Geology, Vol. 9, pp. 33-42.
Dearman, W.R., Baynes, F.J. and Irfan, T.Y., 1978, “ngineering grading of weathered granite,”Engineering Geology, Vol. 12, pp. 345-374.
Farmer, V.C. (ed.), 1974, The Infra-red spectra of minerals, Mineralogical Society. London, 539 p.
Hueni, A., Nieke, J., Schopfer, J., Kneubühler, M. and Itten, K., 2009, “he spectral database SPECCHIO for improved long term usability and data sharing,”Computers & Geosciences, Vol. 35, pp. 557-565.
Irfan, T.Y., 1996, “ineralogy, fabric properties and classification of weathered granites in Hong Kong,”Quarterly Journal of Engineering Geology, Vol. 29, pp. 5-35.
Jun, B.K., Han, M.S., Lee, J.J. and Song, C.Y., 2006, “resent state and statistical analysis of stone cultural heritage by national appointment in Republic of Korea,” Conservation Studies, Vol. 27, pp. 43-61.
Kim, S. and Park, H.D., 2003, “he relationship between physical and chemical weathering indices of granite around Seoul, Korea,”Bulletin of the International Association of Engineering Geology, Vol. 62, pp. 207-212.
Kruse, F.A., 1994, “maging spectrometer data analysis-a tutorial,”Proceedings of the International Symposium on Spectral Sensing Research 1, pp. 44-50.
Lee, S.G. and de Freitas, M.H., 1989, “ revision of the description and classification of weathered granite and its application to granites in Korea,”Quarterly Journal Engineering Geology, Vol. 22, pp. 31-48.
Lee, C.H., Lee, M.S., Suh, M. and Choi, S.W., 2005, “eathering and deterioration of rock properties of the Dabotap pagoda (World Cultural Heritage), Republic of Korea,”Environmental Geology, Vol. 47, pp. 547-557.
Lee, C.H., Lee, M.S., Kim, Y.T. and Kim, J., 2006, “eterioration Assessment and Conservation of a Heavily Degraded Korean Stone Buddha from the Ninth Century,” Studies in Conservation, Vol. 51, pp. 305-316.
Lee, C.H. and Yi, J.E., 2007, “eathering damage evalution of rock properties in the Bunhwangsa temple stone pagoda, Gyeongju, Republic of Korea,”Environmental Geology, Vol. 52, pp. 1193-1205.
Michalski, J.R., Kraft, M.D., Sharp, T.G. and Christensen, P.R., 2006, “ffects of chemical weathering on infrared spectra of Columbia River Basalt and spectral interpretations of martian alteration,”Earth and Planetary Science Letters, Vol. 248, pp. 822-829.
Riaza, A., Strobl, P., Müller, A., Beisl, U. and Hausold, A., 2001, “pectral mapping of rock weathering degrees on granite using hyperspectral DAIS 7915 spectrometer data,”International Journal of Applied Earth Observation and Geoinformation, Vol. 3, pp. 345-354.

Information

Publisher :The Korean Society of Mineral and Energy Resources Engineers
Publisher(Ko) :한국자원공학회
Journal Title :Journal of the Korean Society for Geosystem Engineering
Journal Title(Ko) :한국지구시스템공학회지
Volume : 47
No :4
Pages :515-529

[1] 이효성, 박형동, 2004, “수치 마이크로사진측량에 의한 암석시료 표면의 체적변화량 결정,”한국지구시스템공학회지, 제 41권 1호, pp. 1-6.

[2] 전남대학교 박물관, 1991, 운주사종합학술조사, 418p.

[3] 지광훈, 이성순, 이홍진, 2007, 지표피복물 분광정보 라이브러리, 한국지질자원연구원, 261p.

[4] 현창욱, 박형동, 2007, “화강암 풍화도의 반사 분광학적 진단 기법 연구,”한국지구시스템공학회지, 제44권 6호, pp. 500-509.

[5] Baldridge, A.M., Hook, S.J., Grove, C.I. and Rivera, G., 2009, “he ASTER spectral library version 2.0,”Remote Sensing of Environment, Vol. 113, pp. 711-715.

[6] Burns, R., 1993, Mineralogical applications of crystal field theory, 2nd ed., Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, 551p.

[7] Cheong, C.H. and Kim, G.S., 1966, Explanatory text of the geological map of Neungju sheet, Geological survey of Korea, 42p.

[8] Clark, R.N. and Roush, T.L., 1984, “eflectance spectroscopy: Quantitative analysis techniques for remote sensing applications,” Journal of Geophysical Research, Vol. 89, pp. 6329-6340.

[9] Clark, R.N., 1999, Chapter 1: Spectroscopy of rocks and minerals, and principles of spectroscopy, Manual of remote sensing, 3rd ed., Vol. 3, Wiley, New York, pp. 3-58.

[10] Clark, R.N., Swayze, G.A., Wise, R., Livo, E., Hoefen, T., Kokaly, R., Sutley, S.J., 2007, USGS digital spectral library splib06a, U.S. Geological Survey, Digital Data Series 231.

[11] Dearman, W.R., 1974, “eathering classification in the characterization of rock for engineering purpose in British practice,”Bulletin of the International Association of Engineering Geology, Vol. 9, pp. 33-42.

[12] Dearman, W.R., Baynes, F.J. and Irfan, T.Y., 1978, “ngineering grading of weathered granite,”Engineering Geology, Vol. 12, pp. 345-374.

[13] Farmer, V.C. (ed.), 1974, The Infra-red spectra of minerals, Mineralogical Society. London, 539 p.

[14] Hueni, A., Nieke, J., Schopfer, J., Kneubühler, M. and Itten, K., 2009, “he spectral database SPECCHIO for improved long term usability and data sharing,”Computers & Geosciences, Vol. 35, pp. 557-565.

[15] Irfan, T.Y., 1996, “ineralogy, fabric properties and classification of weathered granites in Hong Kong,”Quarterly Journal of Engineering Geology, Vol. 29, pp. 5-35.

[16] Jun, B.K., Han, M.S., Lee, J.J. and Song, C.Y., 2006, “resent state and statistical analysis of stone cultural heritage by national appointment in Republic of Korea,” Conservation Studies, Vol. 27, pp. 43-61.

[17] Kim, S. and Park, H.D., 2003, “he relationship between physical and chemical weathering indices of granite around Seoul, Korea,”Bulletin of the International Association of Engineering Geology, Vol. 62, pp. 207-212.

[18] Kruse, F.A., 1994, “maging spectrometer data analysis-a tutorial,”Proceedings of the International Symposium on Spectral Sensing Research 1, pp. 44-50.

[19] Lee, S.G. and de Freitas, M.H., 1989, “ revision of the description and classification of weathered granite and its application to granites in Korea,”Quarterly Journal Engineering Geology, Vol. 22, pp. 31-48.

[20] Lee, C.H., Lee, M.S., Suh, M. and Choi, S.W., 2005, “eathering and deterioration of rock properties of the Dabotap pagoda (World Cultural Heritage), Republic of Korea,”Environmental Geology, Vol. 47, pp. 547-557.

[21] Lee, C.H., Lee, M.S., Kim, Y.T. and Kim, J., 2006, “eterioration Assessment and Conservation of a Heavily Degraded Korean Stone Buddha from the Ninth Century,” Studies in Conservation, Vol. 51, pp. 305-316.

[22] Lee, C.H. and Yi, J.E., 2007, “eathering damage evalution of rock properties in the Bunhwangsa temple stone pagoda, Gyeongju, Republic of Korea,”Environmental Geology, Vol. 52, pp. 1193-1205.

[23] Michalski, J.R., Kraft, M.D., Sharp, T.G. and Christensen, P.R., 2006, “ffects of chemical weathering on infrared spectra of Columbia River Basalt and spectral interpretations of martian alteration,”Earth and Planetary Science Letters, Vol. 248, pp. 822-829.

[24] Riaza, A., Strobl, P., Müller, A., Beisl, U. and Hausold, A., 2001, “pectral mapping of rock weathering degrees on granite using hyperspectral DAIS 7915 spectrometer data,”International Journal of Applied Earth Observation and Geoinformation, Vol. 3, pp. 345-354.

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