Recovery of Valuable Metals Using Pyrometallurgical Treatment

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2010 Vol.47, Issue 5 Preview Page Next Page

Recovery of Valuable Metals Using Pyrometallurgical Treatment 건식처리법을 이용한 유용금속 고온회수기술: 이병덕, 정훈제, 백의현, 홍성훈, 한정환, 유병돈, 이재천
Byeong-Deok Lee, Hun-Je Jung, Ui-Hyun Baek, Seong-Hun Hong, Jeong-Whan Han, Byeong-Don Yoo and Jae-Chun Lee

31 October 2010. pp. 628-646

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Abstract

It is generally well known that PCB (Printed Circuit Board) is a complex mixture of various metals mixed with various types of plastics and ceramics. Accordingly, it is very important to extract metallic components from used PCB’s from the point of view of recycling of the used resources as well as an environmental protection. In this study, high temperature pyrometallurgical process was investigated to extract valuable metallic components from the used PCB’s. For this purpose, used PCB’s were shredded and oxidized to remove plastic materials, and then, a high frequency induction furnace was used to melt and separate metallic components in molten state from the remaining oxides. A slag was chosen as a basic slag composition which is determined based on the quantitative analysis of PCB scrap. And, in order to understand the size effect on the extraction of metallic components, oxidized PCB’s were further milled, and then, melted. The aim of the present work is to find out proper low temperature and low viscosity slag systems, and at the same time provide a base with accurate addition of flux agent during processing the PCB scrap. It was investigated that the revolution of furnace effects on the recovery of valuable metals and was found that it is very effective for the separation of metallic components.

Keywords

Recycling

waste electric & electronic equipments

Pyro-metallurgical Process

Metal extraction

Slag system

일반적으로 인쇄회로기판(Printed Circuit Board, PCB)는 다양한 종류의 플라스틱에 세라믹과 금속 성분이 복합적으로 함유되어 있는 것으로 알려져 있다. 따라서, 환경적인 보호뿐만 아니라 자원의 재활용의 관점에서 PCB 스크랩으로부터 금속 성분을 분리해내는 것은 중요하다. 이에 본 연구에서는, 건식제련법을 이용하여 PCB 스크랩으로부터 유가금속 성분을 추출하는 공정을 실험하였다. 이러한 목적을 위해 PCB 스크랩을 분쇄하고 플라스틱 물질을 제거하기 위해 산화처리를 한 후, 유도로에 PCB를 용해하여 산화물과 금속성분을 분리하였다. 산화 처리한 PCB 스크랩의 정량분석을 토대로 기본 슬래그계를 선정하였다. 그리고, 산화 처리한 PCB의 금속 회수 시, PCB의 입자 크기에 따른 영향을 알아보기 위해 분쇄한 후 회수율을 측정하였다. 또한, 본 연구에서는 PCB 스크랩으로부터 플럭스 성분을 첨가하여 낮은 온도 및 점도를 갖는 슬래그 시스템에 대해서 조사하였다. 또한 용융작업을 위해 슈퍼칸탈회전로를 사용하였으며 이때 도가니 회전이 금속의 회수율에 미치는 영향에 대해 조사하여, 그 결과 매우 효과적임을 알 수 있었다.

키워드

리싸이클링

사용 후 전기･전자 부품

건식처리법

금속농축

슬래그 시스템

References

김병수, 이재천, 서승필, 2003, “용융환원에 의한 폐PCBs로부터 귀금속 농축 회수,”한국지구시스템공학회지, Vol. 40, No. 3, pp. 184-190.
이재천, 정진기, 양정일, 정헌생, 1998, “개인용 폐컴퓨터의 프린트배선기판(PCBs)으로부터 유가금속 회수기술,”자원리싸이클링학회지, 제7권, 3호, pp. 58-66.
일본 환경부/경제산업부 보고서, “사용후 소형가전에서 레어메탈회수와 적정처리,” 2009.
A. Bernades, I. Bohlinger, D. Rodriguez, H. Milbrandt and W. Wuth, 1997, “ecycling of Printed Circuit Boards by Melting with Oxidizing/Reducing Top Blowing Process,” TMS Annual Meeting, Orlando, USA, February 9-13, p. 363.
C. L. Mantell, 1960, ElectrochemicalEngineering, 4th Ed., McGraw-HillInc., p. 198.
E. Jackson, 1986, Hydrometallurgical Extractionand Reclamatuon, EllisHorwood, p. 204.
G. Edson, 1980, “ecovery of Precious Metals from Electronic Scrap,”Recovering and refining of precious metals, skytop, PA.
Han, J. W., 2003, “ffect of Viscosity on the Separation of Copper from Al2O3-CaO-SiO2-10wt%MgO Slag System,” Materials Science Forum, Vol. 439, pp. 149-154.
J. E. Hoffmann, 1992, “ecovering Precious Metals from Electronic Scrap,”JOM, Vol. 44, pp. 43-48.
J.O.M. Bockris, 1955, Trans., Faraday Soc., Vol. 51, p. 1734.
J. S. Machin, 1952, T. B. Yee, D. C. Hanna, “iscosity Studies of System CaO–MgO–Al2O3–SiO2: III, 35, 45,
and 50% SiO2,”J.Amer.Ceram.Soc, Vol. 35, No. 12, pp. 322-325.
Kwon, E. H., 2003, “iscosity change Al₂O₃-SiO₂-CaO slag system with used electronic scrap,”Korea Joural of Materials Research, Vol. 13, No. 4, p. 243.
Kwon, E. H., 2005, “elting of PCB scrap for the extraction metallic components,”Korea Joural of Materials Research, Vol. 15, No. 1, p. 31.
Lee, S.H. and Jo, Y.M, 2010, “eview of National Policies on the Utilization of Waste Metal Resources,”KICNews, Vol. 13, No. 1.
M. Allibert et Al. 1995, Verein Deutscher Eisenhüttenleute (VDEh) Slag Atlas 2nd Edition, p. 105.
M. Alibert, H. Gaye, J. Geiseler et al., 1981, “chlackenatlas Slag Atlas,”Verein Deutscher Eisenhüttenleute, Germany, p. 57.
Park, J.H. and Min, D. J. and Song, H. S., 2002, “he effect of CaF2 on the viscosities and structures of CaO-SiO₂ (-MgO)-CaF2 slags,”Metallurgical and Materials Transactions B, Vol. 33B, pp. 724-727.
P. Kozakevitch, 1960, “ev. Metall,”Paris, Vol. 57, pp. 149-160.
P. V. Riboud. Y. Roux, D. Lucas, H. Gaye, 1981, “achber. Huttenprax,” Metallweiterverarb, Vol. 19, p. 859.
P. V. Rivoud, Y. Roux, D. Lucas, and H. Gaye, 1987, Fachber. Huttenprax. Metallewiterverarb, Belgium.
S. Dhara, 1987, “recious Metals,”Processings of 11th International precious Metalsinstitute Conference, Brussels, Belgium, June 14-18, p. 253.
Sum, E.Y.L., 1991, “he Recovery of Metals from Electronic Scrap,”JOM, Vol. 43, No. 4, pp. 53-61.
T. Shoji, 1989, “apan Kokai Tokkyo koho,”Japan Patent 01, Vol. 142, p. 038.
V.A. Ettel and B.V. Tilak, 1981, “omprehensive Treatise of Electrochemistry,”Plenium Press, Vol. 2, p. 328.
申東燁, 李常東, 鄭現富, 兪炳敦, 韓晶煥, 鄭鎭己, 2008, “有價金屬回收를 위한 PCB 스크랩의 乾式處理技術,”자원리싸이클링학회지, Vol. 17, No. 2, pp. 46-54.

Information

Publisher :The Korean Society of Mineral and Energy Resources Engineers
Publisher(Ko) :한국자원공학회
Journal Title :Journal of the Korean Society for Geosystem Engineering
Journal Title(Ko) :한국지구시스템공학회지
Volume : 47
No :5
Pages :628-646

[1] 김병수, 이재천, 서승필, 2003, “용융환원에 의한 폐PCBs로부터 귀금속 농축 회수,”한국지구시스템공학회지, Vol. 40, No. 3, pp. 184-190.

[2] 이재천, 정진기, 양정일, 정헌생, 1998, “개인용 폐컴퓨터의 프린트배선기판(PCBs)으로부터 유가금속 회수기술,”자원리싸이클링학회지, 제7권, 3호, pp. 58-66.

[3] 일본 환경부/경제산업부 보고서, “사용후 소형가전에서 레어메탈회수와 적정처리,” 2009.

[4] A. Bernades, I. Bohlinger, D. Rodriguez, H. Milbrandt and W. Wuth, 1997, “ecycling of Printed Circuit Boards by Melting with Oxidizing/Reducing Top Blowing Process,” TMS Annual Meeting, Orlando, USA, February 9-13, p. 363.

[5] C. L. Mantell, 1960, ElectrochemicalEngineering, 4th Ed., McGraw-HillInc., p. 198.

[6] E. Jackson, 1986, Hydrometallurgical Extractionand Reclamatuon, EllisHorwood, p. 204.

[7] G. Edson, 1980, “ecovery of Precious Metals from Electronic Scrap,”Recovering and refining of precious metals, skytop, PA.

[8] Han, J. W., 2003, “ffect of Viscosity on the Separation of Copper from Al2O3-CaO-SiO2-10wt%MgO Slag System,” Materials Science Forum, Vol. 439, pp. 149-154.

[9] J. E. Hoffmann, 1992, “ecovering Precious Metals from Electronic Scrap,”JOM, Vol. 44, pp. 43-48.

[10] J.O.M. Bockris, 1955, Trans., Faraday Soc., Vol. 51, p. 1734.

[11] J. S. Machin, 1952, T. B. Yee, D. C. Hanna, “iscosity Studies of System CaO–MgO–Al2O3–SiO2: III, 35, 45,

[12] and 50% SiO2,”J.Amer.Ceram.Soc, Vol. 35, No. 12, pp. 322-325.

[13] Kwon, E. H., 2003, “iscosity change Al₂O₃-SiO₂-CaO slag system with used electronic scrap,”Korea Joural of Materials Research, Vol. 13, No. 4, p. 243.

[14] Kwon, E. H., 2005, “elting of PCB scrap for the extraction metallic components,”Korea Joural of Materials Research, Vol. 15, No. 1, p. 31.

[15] Lee, S.H. and Jo, Y.M, 2010, “eview of National Policies on the Utilization of Waste Metal Resources,”KICNews, Vol. 13, No. 1.

[16] M. Allibert et Al. 1995, Verein Deutscher Eisenhüttenleute (VDEh) Slag Atlas 2nd Edition, p. 105.

[17] M. Alibert, H. Gaye, J. Geiseler et al., 1981, “chlackenatlas Slag Atlas,”Verein Deutscher Eisenhüttenleute, Germany, p. 57.

[18] Park, J.H. and Min, D. J. and Song, H. S., 2002, “he effect of CaF2 on the viscosities and structures of CaO-SiO₂ (-MgO)-CaF2 slags,”Metallurgical and Materials Transactions B, Vol. 33B, pp. 724-727.

[19] P. Kozakevitch, 1960, “ev. Metall,”Paris, Vol. 57, pp. 149-160.

[20] P. V. Riboud. Y. Roux, D. Lucas, H. Gaye, 1981, “achber. Huttenprax,” Metallweiterverarb, Vol. 19, p. 859.

[21] P. V. Rivoud, Y. Roux, D. Lucas, and H. Gaye, 1987, Fachber. Huttenprax. Metallewiterverarb, Belgium.

[22] S. Dhara, 1987, “recious Metals,”Processings of 11th International precious Metalsinstitute Conference, Brussels, Belgium, June 14-18, p. 253.

[23] Sum, E.Y.L., 1991, “he Recovery of Metals from Electronic Scrap,”JOM, Vol. 43, No. 4, pp. 53-61.

[24] T. Shoji, 1989, “apan Kokai Tokkyo koho,”Japan Patent 01, Vol. 142, p. 038.

[25] V.A. Ettel and B.V. Tilak, 1981, “omprehensive Treatise of Electrochemistry,”Plenium Press, Vol. 2, p. 328.

[26] 申東燁, 李常東, 鄭現富, 兪炳敦, 韓晶煥, 鄭鎭己, 2008, “有價金屬回收를 위한 PCB 스크랩의 乾式處理技術,”자원리싸이클링학회지, Vol. 17, No. 2, pp. 46-54.

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