All Issue

2008 Vol.45, Issue 5 Preview Page
Current State and Technologies of Active Ocean-bottom Seismic Survey

능동적 해저면 탄성파 탐사 현황 및 기술 동향

김병엽, 김영준, 구남형, 유동근, 이호영, 변중무

Byoung-Yeop Kim, Young-Jun Kim, Nam-Hyung Koo, Dong-Geun Yoo, Ho-Young Lee and Joong-Moo Byun

31 October 2008. pp. 578-589
PDF Citation
Abstract
Unlike the conventional marine surface seismic survey which in most cases uses P-wave reflections, the active ocean-bottom seismic survey using an artificial source like air-gun and sensors located on the sea bottom provides us high quality mode-converted waves as well as wide-angle seismic data. Ocean-bottom wide-angle seismic data make it possible to resolve deep structure and velocity models in the offshore. Mode-converted waves further provides lithologic information such as S-wave velocity and Poisson\\\'s ratio which cannot be derived from P-wave data. In this study, we introduce the overall scope of ocean-bottom seismic technologies and discuss methods of survey and processing for diverse investigation targets. We also report current ocean-bottom seismic technologies and research trends of advanced countries and Korea.
Keywords
Ocean-bottom seismic survey
Ocean-bottom seismometer
Ocean-bottom cable
Wide-angle seismic survey
Multi-component seismic survey
인위적인 음원과 해저면에 직접 설치한 수진기를 사용하는 능동적인 해저면 탄성파 탐사는 대부분의 반사-P파를 얻는 해상 탄성파 탐사와는 달리 S/N비가 높은 고품질의 광각 반사파, 굴절파 및 모드전환파를 얻게 해준다. 이러한 자료로부터 해양 심부 지구조 및 속도구조를 규명하고 기존 P파만으로 알 수 없는 S파 속도, 포아송비와 같은 물성을 도출할 수 있다. 본 해설은 아직까지 우리나라에서는 생소한 해저면 탄성파 탐사에 대한 설명과 함께 규명 대상에 따른 탐사방법과 자료 처리 방법에 대해 소개하고, 아울러 해외의 해저면 탄성파 탐사 기술과 연구동향에 대해 알아보고 현재 우리나라의 기술 현황에 대해서도 소개한다.
키워드
해저면 탄성파 탐사
해저면 탄성파 기록계
해저면 케이블
광각 탄성파 탐사
다성분 탄성파 탐사
References
  1. 김병엽, 구남형, 이호영, 2006, “OBS탐사를 통한 한반도 남동부해역의 심부 속도구조 도출,” 한국지구시스템공학회 제 86회 학술발표논문집, 한국지구시스템공학회, pp. 81-85.
  2. 김병엽, 구남형, 유동근, 2007, “탄성파 자료를 이용한 BSR 부근의 속도 분석,” 한국물리탐사학회･대한지구물리학회 공동학술대회초록집, 한국지구물리학회･대한지구물리학회, pp. 171-176.
  3. 김한준, 1999, “탄성파 탐사를 통해 본 울릉분지의 지각특성과 동해형성에 있어서의 의미,” 지구물리, Vol. 2, pp. 9-26.
  4. 김한준, 조현무, 주형태, 홍종국, 유해수, 박창업, 2003, “한반도의 동해 대륙주변부의 지각구조: 심부 탄성파 탐사 결과,” 물리탐사, Vol. 6, pp. 40-52.
  5. 신성렬, 김찬수, 조철현, 2008, “탄성파 반사법 및 굴절법을 이용한 천해저 지반조사에 대한 연구,” 물리탐사, Vol. 11, pp. 109-115.
  6. 이호영 외, 2005, 탄성파 탐사기술을 이용한 한반도 남동부 해역의 층서 및 지구조 연구, 한국지질자원연구원 2005년도 기본사업 보고서.
  7. 이호영 외, 2007, 석유가스 부존 특성 규명 및 치밀가스전개발 요소기술 연구, 한국지질자원연구원 2007년도 기본사업 보고서.
  8. Avedik, F., Renard, V., Buisine, D. and Cornic, J. Y., 1978, “Ocean Bottom Refraction Seismograph (OBRS),” Marine Geophysical Researches, Vol. 3, pp. 357-379.
  9. Barkved, O., Bartman, B., Compani, B., Gaiser, J., Dok, R. V., Johns, T., Kristiansen, P., Probert, T. and Thompson, M., 2004, “The many facets of multicomponent seismic data,” Oilfield Review, Summer, pp. 42-56.
  10. Barton, P. and Barker, N., 2003, “Velocity imaging by tau-p transformation of refracted seismic traveltimes,” Geophysical Prospecting, Vol. 51, pp. 195-203.
  11. Berg, E., Amundsen, L., Morton, A., Mjelde, R., Shimamura, H., Shiobara, H., Kanazawa, T., Kodaira, S. and Fjellanger,
  12. J. P., 2001, “Three-component OBS-data processing for lithology and fluid prediction in the mid-Norway margin, NE Atlantic,” Earth Planets Space, Vol. 53, pp. 75-89.
  13. Bessonova, E. N., Fishman, V. M., Ryaboyi, V. Z. and Stinikova, G. A., 1974, “The Tau method for inversion of travel times-I. Deep seismic sounding data,” Geophys. J. R. Astr. Soc., Vol. 36, pp. 377-398.
  14. Byrne, D. A., Sutton, G. H., Blackinton, J. G. and Duennebier, F. K, 1983, “Isolated sensor Ocean Bottom Seismometer,” Marine Geophysical Researches, Vol. 5, pp. 437-449.
  15. Cheng, W. B., Lee, C. S., Liu, C. S., Schnurle, P., Lin, S. S. and Tsai, H. R., 2006, “Velocity structure in marine sediments with Gas Hydrate reflectors in offshore SW Taiwan, from OBS data tomography,” Terr. Atmos. Ocean. Sci., Vol. 17, pp. 739-756.
  16. Diebold, J. B. and Stoffa, P. L., 1981, “The traveltime equation, Tau-p mapping, and inversion of common midpoint data,” Geophysics, Vol. 46, pp. 238-254.
  17. Digranes, P. and Kristoffersen, Y., 1995, “Use of modeconverted waves in marine seismic data to investigate the lithology of the sub-bottom sediments in Isfjorden, Svalbard,” Pageoph. Vol. 145, pp. 313-325.
  18. Digranes, P., Mjelde, R., Kodaira, S., Shimamura, H., Kanazawa, T. Shiobara, H. and Berg, E. W., 1996, “Modeling shear waves in OBS data from the Voring Basin by 2-D ray-tracing,” Pageoph, Vol. 147, pp. 611-629.
  19. Digranes, P., Mjelde, R., Kodaira, S., Shimamura, H., Kanazawa, T. Shiobara, H. and Berg, E. W., 1998, “A regional shear-wave velocity model in the Central Voring Basin, N. Norway, using three-component Ocean Bottom Seismograph,” Tectonophysics, Vol. 293, pp. 157-174.
  20. Geiser, J. and Probert, T., 2006, “Significant developments in multicomponent seismic exploration in the last five years and future direction,” CSEG RECORDER 2006 Special Edition, pp. 60-64.
  21. Gorman, A. R. and Clowes, R. M., 1999, “Wave-field tau-p analysis for 2-D velocity models: Application to western North American lithosphere,” Geophysical Research Letters, Vol. 26, pp. 2323-2326.
  22. Hughes, S., Barton, P. J. and Harrison, D., 1998, “Exploration in the Shetland-Faeroe Basin using densely spaced arrays of Ocean-bottom Seismometers,” Geophysics, Vol. 63, pp. 490-501.
  23. Ikelle, L. T. and Amundsen, L., 2005, Introduction to Petroleum Seismology, SEG, pp. 273-287.
  24. Iyer, H. M. and Hirahara, K., 1993, Seismic Tomography, Chapman & Hall, p. 733.
  25. Jaiswal, P., 2002, Seismic Characterization of a Gas Hydrate Systems in the Gulf of Mexico-A novel approach for evaluating high-resolution wide-aperture data, MS thesis, Rice University.
  26. Jones, G. D., Barton, P. J. and Singh, S. C., 2007, “Velocity images from stacking depth-slowness seismic wavefield,” Geophys. J. Int., Vol. 168, pp. 583-592.
  27. Kim, H. J., Jou, H. T., Cho, H. M., Bijwaard, H., Sato, T., Hong, J. K., Yoo, H. S. and Baa,g C. E., 2003, “Crustal structure of the continental margin of Korea in the East Sea from deep seismic sounding data: Evidence for rifting affected by the hotter than normal mantle,” Tectonophysics, Vol. 364, pp. 25-42.
  28. Kim, N. W. and Seriff, A. J., 1992, “Marine PSSP reflection with a bottom velocity transition zone,” Geophysics, Vol. 57, pp. 161-170.
  29. Kirk, R. E., Robertson, K., Whitmarsh, R. B. and Miles, P. R., 1991, “A technique for conducting seismic refraction experiments on the ocean bed using Bottom Shots,” Marine Geophysical Research, Vol. 13, pp. 153-160.
  30. Klingelhoefer, F., Lee, C. S., Lin, J. Y. and Sibuet, J. C., 2008, “Structure of southernmost Okinawa Trough fromreflection and wide-angle seismic data,” Tectonophysics, doi:10.1016/j.tecto.2007.11.031
  31. Kumar, D., 2005, Analysis of Multicomponent Seismic Data from the Hydrate Ridge, Offshore Oregon, PhD thesis, The University of Texas at Austin.
  32. Lau, K. W. H., Louden, K. E., Funck, T., Tucholke, B. E., Holbrook, W. S., Hopper, J. R. and Larsen, H. C., 2006, “Crustal structure across the Grand Banks-Newfoundland Basin Continental Margin-I. Results from a seismic refraction profile,” Geophys. J. Int., Vol. 167, pp. 127-156.
  33. Lister, C. R. B., and Lewis, B. T. R., 1976, “An Oceanbottom Seismometer suitable for arrays,” Deep-Sea Research, Vol. 23, pp. 113-124.
  34. McIntosh, K., Akbar, F., Calderon, C., Stoffa, P., Operto, S., Christeson, G., Nakamura, Y., Shipley, T., Flueh, E., Stavenhagen, A. and Leandro, G., 2000, “Large aperture seismic imaging at a convergent margin: Techniques and results from the Costa Rica seismogenic zone,” Marine Geophysical Researches, Vol. 21, pp. 451-474.
  35. Mienert, J., Bunz, S., Buidard, S., Vanneste, M. and Berndt, C., 2005, “Ocean bottom seismometer investigation in the Ormen Lange area offshore Mid-Norway provide evidence for shallow gas layers in subsuface sediments,” Marine and Petroleum Geology, Vol. 22, pp. 287-297.
  36. Mjelde, R., 2003, “Ocean Bottom Seismic,” Business briefing: Exploration & Production 2003, pp. 1-3.
  37. Nishizawa, A., Kaneda, K., Nakanishi, A., Takahashi, N. and Kodaira, S., 2006, “Crustal structure of the ocean-island arc transition at the mid Izu-Ogasawara(Bonin) arc margin,” Earth Planets Space, Vol. 58, pp. e33-e36.
  38. Prothero, W. A. Jr., 1977, “A digital event-recording ccean bottom seismometer capsule,” Marine Geophysical Researches, Vol. 3, pp. 119-141.
  39. Rouzo, S., Klingelhöfer, F., Jonquet-Kolstø, H., Karpuz, R., Kravik, K., Mjelde, R., Murai, Y., Raum, T., Shimamura, H., Williamson, P. and Géli, L., 2006, “2-D and 3-D modelling of wide-angle seismic data: an example from the Voring volcanic passive margin,” Mar. Geophys. Res., Vol. 27, pp. 181-199.
  40. Ray, A., Noltem, B. and Herron, D., 2005, “An experimental nodal OBS acquisition from the Thunder Horse Field, Gulf of Mexico,” The Leading Edge, April 2005, pp. 410-412.
  41. Sato, Takeshi, Sato, Toshinori, Shinohara, M., Hino, R., Nishino, M. and Kanazawa, T., 2006, “P-wave velocity structure of the margin of the southeastern Tsushima Basin in the Japan Sea using ocean bottom seismometers and airguns,” Tectonophysics, Vol. 412, pp. 159-171.
  42. Sen, M. K. and Mukherjee, A., 2003, “τ-p analysis in transversely isotropic media,” Geophys. J. Int., Vol. 154, pp. 647-658.
  43. Schnurle, P., Liu, D. S., Hsiuan, T. H. and Wang, T. K., 2004, “Characteristics of gas hydrate and free gas offshre southwestern Taiwan from a combined MCS/OBS data analysis,” Marine Geophysical Researches, Vol. 25, pp. 157-180.
  44. Stoffa, P. L., Buhl, P., Diebold, J. B. and Wenzel, F., 1981, “Direct mapping of seismic data to the domain of intercept time and ray parameter-A plane-wave decomposition,” Geophysics, Vol. 46, pp. 255-267.
  45. Tinivella, U. and Accaino, F., 2000, “Compressional velocity structure and poisson’s ratio in marine sediments with gas hydrate and free gas by inversion of reflected and refracted seismic data (South Shetland Islands, Antarctica),” Marine Geology, Vol. 164, pp. 13-27.
  46. Vlad, I., 2003, “Ocean-bottom seismometers in Japan,” Stanford Exploration Project, Report 113, pp. 433-443.
  47. Wang, C., 2003, Velocity Estimation from Seismic Data by Nonlinear Inversion and Characterization of Gas Hydrate Deposits Offshore Oregon, PhD thesis, The University of Texas at Austin.
  48. Wang, T. K., Chen, M. K., Lee, C. S. and Xia, K., 2006, “Seismic imaging of the transitional crust across the northeastern margin of the South China Sea,” Tectonophysics, Vol. 412, pp. 237-254.
  49. Whitmarsh, R. B., 1970, “An ocean bottom pop-up seismic recorder,” Marine Geophysical Researches, Vol. 1, pp. 91-98.
  50. Zachariadis, R. G, Thomason, H. B. and Teague, H. E., 1983, “Ocean bottom seismometers in seismic exploration surveys: planning and operations,” SEG Expended Abstract, S15.6, pp. 468-470.
  51. Zelt, B. C., Talwani, M. and Zelt, C. A., 1998, “Prestack depth migration of dense wide-angle seismic data,” Tectonophysics, Vol. 286, pp. 193-208.
  52. Zelt, C. A. and Barton, P. J., 1998, “3-D seismic refraction tomography: A comparison of two methods applied to data from the Faeroe Basin,” J. Geophys. Res., Vol. 103, 7187-7210.
  53. Zelt, C. A., 1999, “Modelling strategies and model assessment for wide-angle seismic travetime data,” Geophys. J. Int., Vol. 139, 183-204.
  54. Zelt, C. A. and Smith, R. B., 1992, “Seismic traveltime inversion of 2-D crustal velocity structure,” Geophys. J. Int., Vol. 108, pp. 16-34.
  55. Zhao, M., Qiu, X., Xia, S., Wang, P., Xia, K. and Xu, H., 2008, “Identification and analysis of shear waves recorded by three-component OBSs in northeastern South China Sea,” Progress in Natural Science, Vol. 18, pp. 181-188.
Information
  • Publisher :The Korean Society of Mineral and Energy Resources Engineers
  • Publisher(Ko) :한국자원공학회
  • Journal Title :Journal of the Korean Society for Geosystem Engineering
  • Journal Title(Ko) :한국지구시스템공학회지
  • Volume : 45
  • No :5
  • Pages :578-589
Journal Informaiton Journal of the Korean Society of Mineral and Energy Resources Engineers Journal of the Korean Society of Mineral and Energy Resources Engineers
Online Submission
  • NRF
  • KOFST
  • crossref crossmark
  • crossref cited-by
  • KCI 문헌 유사도 검사
  • orcid
  • open access
  • ccl
Journal Informaiton Journal Informaiton - close