A Study on Extraction of Gold-silver from Refractory Gold Concentrate by Using Thiourea Solution

doi:10.32390/ksmer.2013.50.5.641

All Issue

2013 Vol.50, Issue 5 Next Page

Research Paper

A Study on Extraction of Gold-silver from Refractory Gold Concentrate by Using Thiourea Solution 티오요소를 이용한 금 정광으로부터 금-은 추출에 관한 연구: 김봉주·조강희·최낙철·박천영
Bong-Ju Kim, Kang-Hee Cho, Nag-Choul Choi and Cheon-Young Park

October 2013. pp. 641-650

PDF

Abstract

This study was extracted effectively to gold and silver from concentrate using thiourea. Before thiourea leaching experiments, the concentrate was treated prewashing by sulfuric acid and roasting at 650℃. The concentrates were conducted at leaching experiment by concentration of thiourea, temperature, and pH. The results showed higher extraction by processing using roasting than other preprocessing. The maximum extraction of gold and silver was found to be 70.83% for gold and 98.12% for silver in the roasted concentrate with the addition of 0.8g of thiourea at 50℃. The leaching rate of gold and silver increased in the thiourea leaching solution with decreased pH and increased temperature. The extraction of Ag was always much greater than Au in the concentrates with the thiourea leaching solution.

Keywords

Thiourea

Ferric sulfate

Sodium sulfite

Refractory gold concentrate

Gold-silver extraction rate

티오요소를 정광에 적용하여 Au와 Ag를 효과적으로 추출하고자하였다. 티오요소 용출실험 전에 정광을 황산으로 세척하고 그리고 650℃에서 소성시켰다. 이들 정광을 농도별 티오요소로, 온도별로 그리고 pH별로 용출실험을 수행하였다. Au와 Ag의 추출율은 다른 전처리보다 소성정광에서 더 많이 일어났다. 소성정광에서 티오요소 0.8 g과 온도 50℃를 적용하였을 때 Au 최대 추출율 70.83%를 그리고 Ag 최대 추출율 98.12%를 각각 얻었다. Au와 Ag의 용출율은 pH가 감소할수록 증가하였고 용출온도가 증가할수록 증가하였다. 티오요소는 언제나 Au보다 Ag가 더 많이 추출되었다.

키워드

티오요소

황산제2철

황산나트륨

저항성 금 정광

금-은 추출율

References

Ahonen, L. and Tuovinen, O.H., 1991, “Temperature effects on bacterial leaching of sulfide minerals in shake flask experiments,” Applied and Environmental Microbiology, Vol. 57, pp. 138-145.
Akcil, A. and Mudder, T., 2003, “Microbial destruction of cyanide wastes in gold mining: process review,” Biotechnology Letters, Vol. 25, pp. 445-450.
Akcil, A., 2003, “Destruction of cyanide in gold mill effluents: biological versus chemical treatments,” Biotechnology Advances, Vol. 21, pp. 501-511.
Aylmore, M.G. and Muir, D.M., 2001, “Thiosulfate leaching of gold-a review,” Minerals Engineering, Vol. 14, pp. 135-174.
Cabri, L.J., Chryssoulis, S.L., de Villiers, J.P.R., Laflamme, J.H.G. and Buseck, P.R., 1989, “The nature of “invisible” gold in arsenopyrite,” The Canadian Mineralogist, Vol. 27, pp. 353-362.
Cui, J. and Zhang, L., 2008, “Metallurgical recovery of metals from electronic waste: a review,” J. of Hazardous Materials, Vol. 158, pp. 228-256.
Cunningham, SA.A., 2005, “Incident, accident, catastrophe: cyanide on the danube,” Diasters, Vol. 29, pp. 99-128.
Deng, T. and Liao, M., 2002, “Gold recovery enhancement from a refractory flotation concentrate by sequential bioleaching and thiourea,” Hydrometallurgy, Vol. 63, pp. 249-255.
Deng, T.L., Liao, M.X., Wang, M.H., Chen, Y.W. and Belzile, N., 2001, “Enhancement of gold extraction from biooxidation redidues using an acidic sodium sulphite- thiourea system,” Minerals Engineering, Vol. 14, pp. 263-268.
Dunn, J.G. and Chamberlain, A.C., 1997, “The recovery of gold from refractory arsenopyrite concentrates by pyrolysis- oxidation,” Minerals Engineering, Vol. 10, pp. 919-928.
Dunn, J.G., Ibrado, A.S. and Graham, J., 1995, “Pyrolysis of arsenopyrite for gold recovery by cyanidation,” Minerals Engineering, Vol. 8, pp. 459-471.
Groenewald, T., 1977, “Potential application of thourea in the precessing of gold,” J. of the South African Institute of Mining and Metallurgy, Vol. June, pp. 217-223.
Hilson, G. and Monhemius, A.J., 2006, “Alternative to cyanide in the gold mining industry: what prospects for the future?,” J. of Cleaner production, Vol. 14, pp. 1158-1167.
Kai, T., Hagiwara, T., Haseba, H. and Takahashi, T., 1997, “Reduction of thiourea consumption in gold extraction by acid thiourea solutions,” Ind.Eng.Chem.Res, Vol. 36, pp. 2757-2759.
Kim, S.G., Lee, H.Y., Oh, J.K. and Lee, E.C., 1994, “Recovery of Gold from Acidic Thiourea Solution by Solvent Extraction,” J. of Geosystem Engineering, Vol. 31, pp. 518-524.
Kim, S.G., Oh, J.K., Lee, E.C., 1991, “Recovery of Au and Ag from Acidic Thiourea Solution by Carbon Adsorption,” J. of Geosystem Engineering, Vol. 28, pp. 319-326.
Kozin, L.F. and Melekhin, V.T., 2004, “Extraction of gold from ores and concentrates by leaching with the use of cyanides and alternative reagents,” Russian J. of Applied Chemistry, Vol. 77, pp. 1573-1592.
Kozin, L.F., Berezhnoi, E.O. and Bogdanova, A.K., 2002, “Kinetic parameters of the dissolution of gold in thiourea solutions,” Theoretical and Experimental Chemistry, Vol. 38, pp. 388-392.
Kulandaisamy, S., Rethinaraj, J.P., Adaikkalam, P., Srinivasan, G.N. and Raghavan, M., 2003, “The aqueous recovery of gold from electronic scrap,” Recycling, Vol. Augst, pp. 35-41.
La Brooy, S.R., Linge, H.G. and Walker, G.S., 1994, “Review of gold extraction from ores,” Minerals Engineering, Vol. 7, pp. 1213-1241.
Lacoste-Bouchet, P., Deschenes, G. and Ghali, E., 1998, “Thiourea leaching of a copper-gold ore using statistical design,” Hydrometallurgy, pp. 189-203.
Li, J. and Miller, J.D., 2006, “A review of gold leaching in acid thiourea solutions,” Mineral processing & Extractive Meatall.Rev, Vol. 27, pp. 177-214.
Lin, J.C. and Huarng, J.J., 1994, “Electrochemical stripping of gold from Au-Ni-Cu electronic connector scrap in an aqueous solution of thiourea,” J. of Applied Electrochemistry, Vol. 24, pp. 157-165.
Moran, R., 1999, “Cyanidation uncertainties, Mineral Policy Center Issue Paper” No.1.
Murthy, D.S.R., Kumar, V. and Rao, K.V., 2003, “Extraction of gold from an Indian lo-grade refractory gold ore through physical beneficiation and thiourea leaching,” Hydrometallurgy, Vol. 68, pp. 125-130.
Pangum, L.S. and Browner, R.E., 1996, “Pressure chloride leaching of a refractory gold ore,” Minerals Engineering, Vol. 9, pp. 457-556.
Power, G.P. and Ritchie, I.M., 1976, “A contribution to the theoryof cementation(metal displacement) reactions,” Australian J. of Chemistry, Vol. 29, pp. 699-709.
Prasad, M.S., Mensah-Biney, R. and Pizarro, R.S., 1991, “Modern trends in gold processing-overview,” Minerals Engineering, Vol. 4, pp. 1257-1277.
Prasd, M.S., Mensah-Biney, R. and Pizarro, R.S., 1991, “Morden trends in gold processing-overview,” Minerals Engineering, Vol. 4, pp. 1257-1277.
Robinson, J.J., 1988, “The extraction of gold from sulhidic concentrates by roasting and cyanidation,” J. S. Atr. Inst. Metall, Vol. 88, pp. 117-130.
Salinas, S., Romero, M.A. and Gonzalez, I., 1998, “Electrochemical dissolution of calaverite(AuTe2) in thiourea acidic solutions,” J. of Applied Electrochemistry, Vol. 28, pp. 417-422.
Sandberg, R.G. and Huiatt, J.L., 1986, “Recovery of silver, gold, and lead from a complex sulfide ore using ferric chloride, thiourea, and brine leach solution,” United States Department of the Interior, pp. 14.
Schmitz, P.A., Duyvesteyn, S., Johnson, W.P., Enloe, L. and McMullen, 2001, “Ammoniacal thiosulfate and sodium cyanide leaching of preg-robbing Goldstrike ore carbonaceous matter,” Hydrometallurgy, Vol. 60, pp. 25-40.
Tanriverdi, M., Mordogan, H. and Ipekoglu, U., 2005, “Leaching of Ovacik gold ore with cyanide, thiourea and thiosulfate,” Minerals Engineering, Vol. 18, pp. 363-365.
Tremblay, L., Deschenes, G., Ghali, E. and McMullen, J., 1996, “Gold recovery from a sulphide bearing gold ore by percolation leaching with thiourea,” International J. of Mineral Processing, Vol. 48, pp. 225-244.
Ubaldini, S., Fornari, P., Massidda, R. and Abbruzzese, C., 1998, “An innovative thiourea gold leaching process,” Hydrometallurgy, Vol. 48, pp. 113-124.
Yang, S., Blum, N., Rahders, E. and Zhang, Z., 1998, “The nature of invisible gold in sulfide from the Xiangxi Au-Sb-W ore deposit in Northwestern Hunan, People's Republic of China,” The Canadian Mineralogist, Vol. 36, pp. 1361-1372.
Yannopoulos, J.C., 1991, “The extractive metallurgy of gold,” Van Nostrand Reinhold, pp. 281.

Information

Publisher :The Korean Society of Mineral and Energy Resources Engineers
Publisher(Ko) :한국자원공학회
Journal Title :Journal of the Korean Society of Mineral and Energy Resources Engineers
Journal Title(Ko) :한국자원공학회지
Volume : 50
No :5
Pages :641-650
DOI :https://doi.org/10.32390/ksmer.2013.50.5.641

[1] Ahonen, L. and Tuovinen, O.H., 1991, “Temperature effects on bacterial leaching of sulfide minerals in shake flask experiments,” Applied and Environmental Microbiology, Vol. 57, pp. 138-145.

[2] Akcil, A. and Mudder, T., 2003, “Microbial destruction of cyanide wastes in gold mining: process review,” Biotechnology Letters, Vol. 25, pp. 445-450.

[3] Akcil, A., 2003, “Destruction of cyanide in gold mill effluents: biological versus chemical treatments,” Biotechnology Advances, Vol. 21, pp. 501-511.

[4] Aylmore, M.G. and Muir, D.M., 2001, “Thiosulfate leaching of gold-a review,” Minerals Engineering, Vol. 14, pp. 135-174.

[5] Cabri, L.J., Chryssoulis, S.L., de Villiers, J.P.R., Laflamme, J.H.G. and Buseck, P.R., 1989, “The nature of “invisible” gold in arsenopyrite,” The Canadian Mineralogist, Vol. 27, pp. 353-362.

[6] Cui, J. and Zhang, L., 2008, “Metallurgical recovery of metals from electronic waste: a review,” J. of Hazardous Materials, Vol. 158, pp. 228-256.

[7] Cunningham, SA.A., 2005, “Incident, accident, catastrophe: cyanide on the danube,” Diasters, Vol. 29, pp. 99-128.

[8] Deng, T. and Liao, M., 2002, “Gold recovery enhancement from a refractory flotation concentrate by sequential bioleaching and thiourea,” Hydrometallurgy, Vol. 63, pp. 249-255.

[9] Deng, T.L., Liao, M.X., Wang, M.H., Chen, Y.W. and Belzile, N., 2001, “Enhancement of gold extraction from biooxidation redidues using an acidic sodium sulphite- thiourea system,” Minerals Engineering, Vol. 14, pp. 263-268.

[10] Dunn, J.G. and Chamberlain, A.C., 1997, “The recovery of gold from refractory arsenopyrite concentrates by pyrolysis- oxidation,” Minerals Engineering, Vol. 10, pp. 919-928.

[11] Dunn, J.G., Ibrado, A.S. and Graham, J., 1995, “Pyrolysis of arsenopyrite for gold recovery by cyanidation,” Minerals Engineering, Vol. 8, pp. 459-471.

[12] Groenewald, T., 1977, “Potential application of thourea in the precessing of gold,” J. of the South African Institute of Mining and Metallurgy, Vol. June, pp. 217-223.

[13] Hilson, G. and Monhemius, A.J., 2006, “Alternative to cyanide in the gold mining industry: what prospects for the future?,” J. of Cleaner production, Vol. 14, pp. 1158-1167.

[14] Kai, T., Hagiwara, T., Haseba, H. and Takahashi, T., 1997, “Reduction of thiourea consumption in gold extraction by acid thiourea solutions,” Ind.Eng.Chem.Res, Vol. 36, pp. 2757-2759.

[15] Kim, S.G., Lee, H.Y., Oh, J.K. and Lee, E.C., 1994, “Recovery of Gold from Acidic Thiourea Solution by Solvent Extraction,” J. of Geosystem Engineering, Vol. 31, pp. 518-524.

[16] Kim, S.G., Oh, J.K., Lee, E.C., 1991, “Recovery of Au and Ag from Acidic Thiourea Solution by Carbon Adsorption,” J. of Geosystem Engineering, Vol. 28, pp. 319-326.

[17] Kozin, L.F. and Melekhin, V.T., 2004, “Extraction of gold from ores and concentrates by leaching with the use of cyanides and alternative reagents,” Russian J. of Applied Chemistry, Vol. 77, pp. 1573-1592.

[18] Kozin, L.F., Berezhnoi, E.O. and Bogdanova, A.K., 2002, “Kinetic parameters of the dissolution of gold in thiourea solutions,” Theoretical and Experimental Chemistry, Vol. 38, pp. 388-392.

[19] Kulandaisamy, S., Rethinaraj, J.P., Adaikkalam, P., Srinivasan, G.N. and Raghavan, M., 2003, “The aqueous recovery of gold from electronic scrap,” Recycling, Vol. Augst, pp. 35-41.

[20] La Brooy, S.R., Linge, H.G. and Walker, G.S., 1994, “Review of gold extraction from ores,” Minerals Engineering, Vol. 7, pp. 1213-1241.

[21] Lacoste-Bouchet, P., Deschenes, G. and Ghali, E., 1998, “Thiourea leaching of a copper-gold ore using statistical design,” Hydrometallurgy, pp. 189-203.

[22] Li, J. and Miller, J.D., 2006, “A review of gold leaching in acid thiourea solutions,” Mineral processing & Extractive Meatall.Rev, Vol. 27, pp. 177-214.

[23] Lin, J.C. and Huarng, J.J., 1994, “Electrochemical stripping of gold from Au-Ni-Cu electronic connector scrap in an aqueous solution of thiourea,” J. of Applied Electrochemistry, Vol. 24, pp. 157-165.

[24] Moran, R., 1999, “Cyanidation uncertainties, Mineral Policy Center Issue Paper” No.1.

[25] Murthy, D.S.R., Kumar, V. and Rao, K.V., 2003, “Extraction of gold from an Indian lo-grade refractory gold ore through physical beneficiation and thiourea leaching,” Hydrometallurgy, Vol. 68, pp. 125-130.

[26] Pangum, L.S. and Browner, R.E., 1996, “Pressure chloride leaching of a refractory gold ore,” Minerals Engineering, Vol. 9, pp. 457-556.

[27] Power, G.P. and Ritchie, I.M., 1976, “A contribution to the theoryof cementation(metal displacement) reactions,” Australian J. of Chemistry, Vol. 29, pp. 699-709.

[28] Prasad, M.S., Mensah-Biney, R. and Pizarro, R.S., 1991, “Modern trends in gold processing-overview,” Minerals Engineering, Vol. 4, pp. 1257-1277.

[29] Prasd, M.S., Mensah-Biney, R. and Pizarro, R.S., 1991, “Morden trends in gold processing-overview,” Minerals Engineering, Vol. 4, pp. 1257-1277.

[30] Robinson, J.J., 1988, “The extraction of gold from sulhidic concentrates by roasting and cyanidation,” J. S. Atr. Inst. Metall, Vol. 88, pp. 117-130.

[31] Salinas, S., Romero, M.A. and Gonzalez, I., 1998, “Electrochemical dissolution of calaverite(AuTe2) in thiourea acidic solutions,” J. of Applied Electrochemistry, Vol. 28, pp. 417-422.

[32] Sandberg, R.G. and Huiatt, J.L., 1986, “Recovery of silver, gold, and lead from a complex sulfide ore using ferric chloride, thiourea, and brine leach solution,” United States Department of the Interior, pp. 14.

[33] Schmitz, P.A., Duyvesteyn, S., Johnson, W.P., Enloe, L. and McMullen, 2001, “Ammoniacal thiosulfate and sodium cyanide leaching of preg-robbing Goldstrike ore carbonaceous matter,” Hydrometallurgy, Vol. 60, pp. 25-40.

[34] Tanriverdi, M., Mordogan, H. and Ipekoglu, U., 2005, “Leaching of Ovacik gold ore with cyanide, thiourea and thiosulfate,” Minerals Engineering, Vol. 18, pp. 363-365.

[35] Tremblay, L., Deschenes, G., Ghali, E. and McMullen, J., 1996, “Gold recovery from a sulphide bearing gold ore by percolation leaching with thiourea,” International J. of Mineral Processing, Vol. 48, pp. 225-244.

[36] Ubaldini, S., Fornari, P., Massidda, R. and Abbruzzese, C., 1998, “An innovative thiourea gold leaching process,” Hydrometallurgy, Vol. 48, pp. 113-124.

[37] Yang, S., Blum, N., Rahders, E. and Zhang, Z., 1998, “The nature of invisible gold in sulfide from the Xiangxi Au-Sb-W ore deposit in Northwestern Hunan, People's Republic of China,” The Canadian Mineralogist, Vol. 36, pp. 1361-1372.

[38] Yannopoulos, J.C., 1991, “The extractive metallurgy of gold,” Van Nostrand Reinhold, pp. 281.

Journal of the Korean Society of Mineral and Energy Resources Engineers ISSN:2288-0291(Print) 2288-2790(Online) 한국자원공학회지

All Issue