The Extraction Characteristic and Mineralogical Interpretation of Lead and Zinc Concentrate using Chloride Solvent

doi:10.12972/ksmer.2013.50.4.490

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2013 Vol.50, Issue 4 Preview Page Next Page

Research Paper

The Extraction Characteristic and Mineralogical Interpretation of Lead and Zinc Concentrate using Chloride Solvent 염화물 용매제를 이용한 연⋅아연정광의 용출특성 및 광물학적 해석: 한오형 · 김봉주 · 조강희 · 오스지 · 최낙철 · 박천영
Oh-hyung Han, Bong-ju Kim, Kang-hee Cho, Su-ji Oh, Nag-choul Choi, Cheon-young Park

31 August 2013. pp. 490-501

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Abstract

In order to optimize copper, lead and zinc leaching from complex sulfide minerals, HCl-NaClO-FeCl3 solution with varying attributes was applied to the roasted concentrate. The complex sulfide consisted of anglesite, galena, chalcopyrite, pyrite and sphalerite, which these minerals were transformed to anglesite, quartz and hematite by roasting at 750℃. In XRD analysis, cotunnite and anglesite were observed in the solid residue from aqua regia. The concentrate samples tested with the chlorine-hypochlorite solution were roasted at 750℃. The results of the differing experimental conditions showed that the highest copper, lead and zinc leaching rate was found when the hydrochloric acid and sodium hypochloritde mixing ratio was at 1:2 with ferric chloride at 10.0 g and the leaching temperature at 60℃. It is confirmed that with only the use of HCl-NaClO solution, galena and sphalerite completely dissolved without addition of FeCl3 at room temperature.

Keywords

Extraction characteristic

Complex sulfide minerals

Roasted concentrate

Mineralogical interpretation

Chloride solvent

복합 황화광물로부터 Cu, Pb 및 Zn을 최적으로 용출시키기 위하여 HCl-NaClO-FeCl3 용액을 소성정광에 적용하였다. 복합 황화광물은 anglesite, 방연석, 황동석, 황철석, 섬아연석으로 구성되었으며 이 황화광물을 750℃로 소성시킨 결과, anglesite, 석영, 황철석 및 적철석으로 변환되었다. 왕수분해 잔류물에 대하여 XRD분석한 결과 cotunnite와 anglesite가 관찰되었다. 750℃로 소성시킨 정광을 염소-차아염소산 용액에 사용하였다. 다양한 변수로 용출실험을 수행한 결과 Cu, Pb, Zn의 용출율이 최대로 나타나는 인자는 염산과 차아염소산나트륨 혼합 비율이 1:2 일 때, 염화제2철의 첨가량이 10.0 g일 때 그리고 용출온도가 60℃일 때 였다. FeCl3를 첨가하지 않고 상온에서 단순히 HCl-NaClO 용액 만 사용해도 방연석과 섬아연석이 완전하게 용해되는 것을 확인하였다.

키워드

용출특성

복합 황화광물

소성정광

광물학적 해석

염화물 용매제

References

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Al-Harahsheh, M., Kinman, S. and Al-Harahsheh, A., 2008, “Ferric chloride leaching of chalcopyrite: synergetic effect of CuCl2,” Hydrometallurgy, Vol. 91, No. 1-4, pp. 89-97.
Attia, Y.A. and El-Zeky, M., 1990, “Effects of galvanic interactions of sulfides on extraction of percious metals from refractory complex sulfides by bioleaching,” International J. of Mineral Processing, Vol. 30, No. 1-2, pp. 99-111.
Aydogan, S., Aras, A. and Canbazoglu, M., 2005, “Dissolution kinetics of sphalerite in acidic ferric chloride leaching,” Chemical Engineering J., Vol. 114, No. 1-3, pp. 67-72.
Aydogan, S., Erdemoglu, M., Ucar, G. and Aras, A., 2007, “Kinetics of galena dissolution in nitric acid solutions with hydrogen peroxide,” Hydrometallurgy, Vol. 88, No. 1-4, pp. 52-57.
Aylmore, M.G., 2001, “Treatment of a refractory gold-copper sulfide concentrate by copper ammoniacal thiosulfate leaching,” Minerals Engineering, Vol. 14, No. 6, pp. 615-637.
Baghalha, M., 2007, “Leaching of an oxide gold ore with chloride/hypochlorite solutions,” International J. of Mineral Processing, Vol. 82, No. 4, pp. 178-186.
Boyabat, N., Ozer, A.K., Bayrakceken, S. and Gulaboglu, M.S., 2003, “Thermal decomposition of pyrite in the nitrogen atmosphere,” Fuel Processing Technology, Vol. 85, No. 2-3, pp. 179-188.
Curreli, L., Ghiani, M., Surracco, M. and Orru, G., 2005, “Benefication of a gold bearing energite ore by flotation and As leaching with Na-hypochlorite,” Minerals Engineering, Vol. 18, No. 8, pp. 849-854.
Dunn, J.G. and Chamberlain, A.C., 1997, “The recovery of gold from refractory arsenopyrite concentrates by pyrolysisoxidation,” Minerals Engineering, Vol. 10, No. 9, pp. 919-928.
Dunn, J.G., Ibrado, A.S. and Graham, J., 1995, “Pyrolysis of arsenopyrite for gold recovery by cyanidation,” Minerals Engineering, Vol. 8, No. 4-5, pp. 459-471.
Dutrizac, J.E. and Chen, T.T., 1990, “The effect of the elemental sulfur reaction product on the leaching of galena in ferric chloride media,” Metallurgical Transactions B, Vol. 21B, No. 6, pp. 935-943.
Dutrizac, J.E. and Chen, T.T., 1995, “The leaching of galena in ferric sulfate media,” Metallurgical and Materials Transactions B, Vol. 26B, No. 6, pp. 219-227.
Dutrizac, J.E., 1981, “The dissolution of chalcopyrite in ferric sulfate and ferric chloride media,” Metallurgical Transactions B, Vol. 12B, No. 2, pp. 371-378.
Ficeriova, J., Balaz, P. and Villachica, C.L., 2005, “Thiosulfate leaching of silver, gold and bismuth from a complex sulfide concentrates,” Hydrometallurgy, Vol. 77, No. 1-2, pp. 35-39.
Filmer, A.O., 1982, “The dissolution of gold from roasted pyrite concentrate,” J. of the South African Institute of Mining and metallurgy, March, pp. 90-94.
Fuerstenau, M.C., Chen, C.C., Han, K.N. and Palmer, B.R., 1986, “Kinetics of galena dissolution in ferric chloride solutions,” Metallurgical Transactions B, Vol. 17B, No. 3, pp. 415-423.
Garcia, O.Jr., Bigham, J.M. and Tuovinen, O.H., 1995, “Sphalerite oxidation by Thiobacillus ferrooxidans and Thiobacillus thiooxidans,” Canadian J. of Microbiology, Vol. 41, No. 7, pp. 578-584.
Guerra, E. and Dreisinger, D.B., 1999, “A study of the factors affecting copper cementation of gold from ammoniacal thiosulfate solution,” Hydrometallurgy, Vol. 51, No. 2, pp. 155-172.
Hashemzadehfini, M., Ficeriova, J., Abkhoshk, E. and Shahraki, B.K., 2011, “Effect of mechanical activation on thiosulfate leaching of gold from complex sulfide concentrate,” Transactions of Nonferrous Metals Society of China, Vol. 21, No. 12, pp. 2744-2751.
Hu, G., Dam-Johansen, K., Wedel, S. and Hansen, J.P., 2006, “Decomposition and oxidation of pyrite,” Progress in Energy and Combusion Science, Vol. 32, No. 3, pp. 295-314.
Ikiz, D., Gulfen, M. and Aydin, A.O., 2006, “Dissolution kinetics of primary chalcopyrite ore in hypochlorite solution,” Minerals Engineering, Vol. 19, No. 9, pp. 972-974.
Liddell, K.C., 2005, “Shrinking core models in hydrometallurgy: What students are not being told about the pseudosteady approximation,” Hydrometallurgy, Vol. 79, No. 1-2, pp. 62-68.
Lindstrom, E.B., Gunneriusson, E. and Tuovinen, O.H., 1992, “Bacterial oxidation of refractory sulfide ores for gold recovery,” Critical Reviews in Biotechnology, Vol. 12, No. 1-2, pp. 133-155.
Music, S., Popovic, S. and Ristic, M., 1992, “Thermal decomposition of pyrite,” J. of Radioanalytical and Nuclear Chemistry, Vol. 162, No. 2, pp. 217-226.
Nunez, C., Espiell, F. and Garcia-Zayas, J., 1990, “Kinetics of galena leaching in hydrochloriic acid-chloride solutions,” Metallurgical Transactions B, Vol. 21B, No. 1, pp. 11-17.
Ozkan, A., Aydogan, S. and Akdemir, U., 1998, “Bacterial leaching as a pre-treatment step for gold recovery from referactory ores,” Fizykochemiczne Problemy Mineralurgii, Vol. 32, pp. 173-181.
Padilla, R., Rodriguez, G. and Ruiz, M.C., 2010, “Copper and arsenic dissolution from chalcopyrite-enargite concentrate by sulfidation and pressure leaching in H₂SO₄-O₂,” Hydrometallurgy, Vol. 100, No. 3-4, pp. 152-156.
Padilla, R., Rodriguez, M. and Ruiz, M.C., 2003a, “Sulfidation of chalcopyrite with elemental sulfur,” Metallurgical and Materials Transactions B, Vol. 34B, No. 1, pp. 15-23.
Padilla, R., Vega, D. and Ruiz, M.C., 2007, “Pressure leaching of sulfidized chalcopyrite in sulfuric acid-oxygen media,” Hydrometallurgy, Vol. 86, No. 1-2, pp. 80-88.
Padilla, R., Zambrano, P. and Ruiz, M.C., 2003b, “Leaching of sulfidized chalcopyrite with H₂SO₃-NaCl-O₂,” Metallurgical and Materials Transactions B, Vol. 34B, No. 2, pp. 153-159.
Puvvada, G.V.K. and Murthy, D.S.R., 2000, “Selective precious metals leaching from a chalcopyrite concentrate using chloride/hypochlorite media,” Hydrometallurgy, Vol. 58, No. 3, pp. 185-191.
Rubisov, D.H., Krowinkel, J.M. and Papangelakis, V.G., 2000, “Sulphuric acid pressure leaching of laterites-universal kinetics of nickel dissolution for limonites and limonitic/saprolitic blends,” Hydrometallurgy, Vol. 58, No. 1, pp. 1-11.
Safari, V., Arzpeyma, G., Rereshtehi, F. and Mostoufi, N., 2009, “A shrinking particle-shrinking core model for leaching of a zinc ore containing silica,” International J. of Mineral Processing, Vol. 93, No. 1, pp. 79-83.
Vaughan, J.P., 2004, “The process mineralogy of gold: the classification of ore types,” The J. of The Minerals, Metals & Materials Society, Vol. 56, No. 7, pp 46-48.
Velardo, A., Giona, M., Adrover, A., Pagnanelli, F. and Toro, L., 2002, “Two-layer shrinking-core model: parameter estimation for the reaction order in leaching processes,” Chemical Engineering J., Vol. 90, No. 3, pp. 231-240.
Wang, Z., Chen, D. and Chen, L., 2007, “Gold cementation from thiocyanate solutions by iron powder,” Minerals Engineering, Vol. 20, No. 6, pp. 581-590.
Yan, J., Xu, L. and Yang, J., 2008, “A study on the thermal decomposition of coal-derived pyrite,” J. of Analytical and Applied Pyrolysis, Vol. 82, No. 2, pp. 229-234.

Information

Publisher :The Korean Society of Mineral and Energy Resources Engineers
Publisher(Ko) :한국자원공학회
Journal Title :Journal of the Korean Society of Mineral and Energy Resources Engineers
Journal Title(Ko) :한국자원공학회지
Volume : 50
No :4
Pages :490-501
DOI :https://doi.org/10.12972/ksmer.2013.50.4.490

[1] Ahonen, L. and Tuovinen, O.H., 1995, “Bacterial leaching of complex sulfide ore samples in bench-scale column reactors,” Hydrometallurgy, Vol. 37, No. 1, pp. 1-21.

[2] Al-Harahsheh, M., Kinman, S. and Al-Harahsheh, A., 2008, “Ferric chloride leaching of chalcopyrite: synergetic effect of CuCl2,” Hydrometallurgy, Vol. 91, No. 1-4, pp. 89-97.

[3] Attia, Y.A. and El-Zeky, M., 1990, “Effects of galvanic interactions of sulfides on extraction of percious metals from refractory complex sulfides by bioleaching,” International J. of Mineral Processing, Vol. 30, No. 1-2, pp. 99-111.

[4] Aydogan, S., Aras, A. and Canbazoglu, M., 2005, “Dissolution kinetics of sphalerite in acidic ferric chloride leaching,” Chemical Engineering J., Vol. 114, No. 1-3, pp. 67-72.

[5] Aydogan, S., Erdemoglu, M., Ucar, G. and Aras, A., 2007, “Kinetics of galena dissolution in nitric acid solutions with hydrogen peroxide,” Hydrometallurgy, Vol. 88, No. 1-4, pp. 52-57.

[6] Aylmore, M.G., 2001, “Treatment of a refractory gold-copper sulfide concentrate by copper ammoniacal thiosulfate leaching,” Minerals Engineering, Vol. 14, No. 6, pp. 615-637.

[7] Baghalha, M., 2007, “Leaching of an oxide gold ore with chloride/hypochlorite solutions,” International J. of Mineral Processing, Vol. 82, No. 4, pp. 178-186.

[8] Boyabat, N., Ozer, A.K., Bayrakceken, S. and Gulaboglu, M.S., 2003, “Thermal decomposition of pyrite in the nitrogen atmosphere,” Fuel Processing Technology, Vol. 85, No. 2-3, pp. 179-188.

[9] Curreli, L., Ghiani, M., Surracco, M. and Orru, G., 2005, “Benefication of a gold bearing energite ore by flotation and As leaching with Na-hypochlorite,” Minerals Engineering, Vol. 18, No. 8, pp. 849-854.

[10] Dunn, J.G. and Chamberlain, A.C., 1997, “The recovery of gold from refractory arsenopyrite concentrates by pyrolysisoxidation,” Minerals Engineering, Vol. 10, No. 9, pp. 919-928.

[11] Dunn, J.G., Ibrado, A.S. and Graham, J., 1995, “Pyrolysis of arsenopyrite for gold recovery by cyanidation,” Minerals Engineering, Vol. 8, No. 4-5, pp. 459-471.

[12] Dutrizac, J.E. and Chen, T.T., 1990, “The effect of the elemental sulfur reaction product on the leaching of galena in ferric chloride media,” Metallurgical Transactions B, Vol. 21B, No. 6, pp. 935-943.

[13] Dutrizac, J.E. and Chen, T.T., 1995, “The leaching of galena in ferric sulfate media,” Metallurgical and Materials Transactions B, Vol. 26B, No. 6, pp. 219-227.

[14] Dutrizac, J.E., 1981, “The dissolution of chalcopyrite in ferric sulfate and ferric chloride media,” Metallurgical Transactions B, Vol. 12B, No. 2, pp. 371-378.

[15] Ficeriova, J., Balaz, P. and Villachica, C.L., 2005, “Thiosulfate leaching of silver, gold and bismuth from a complex sulfide concentrates,” Hydrometallurgy, Vol. 77, No. 1-2, pp. 35-39.

[16] Filmer, A.O., 1982, “The dissolution of gold from roasted pyrite concentrate,” J. of the South African Institute of Mining and metallurgy, March, pp. 90-94.

[17] Fuerstenau, M.C., Chen, C.C., Han, K.N. and Palmer, B.R., 1986, “Kinetics of galena dissolution in ferric chloride solutions,” Metallurgical Transactions B, Vol. 17B, No. 3, pp. 415-423.

[18] Garcia, O.Jr., Bigham, J.M. and Tuovinen, O.H., 1995, “Sphalerite oxidation by Thiobacillus ferrooxidans and Thiobacillus thiooxidans,” Canadian J. of Microbiology, Vol. 41, No. 7, pp. 578-584.

[19] Guerra, E. and Dreisinger, D.B., 1999, “A study of the factors affecting copper cementation of gold from ammoniacal thiosulfate solution,” Hydrometallurgy, Vol. 51, No. 2, pp. 155-172.

[20] Hashemzadehfini, M., Ficeriova, J., Abkhoshk, E. and Shahraki, B.K., 2011, “Effect of mechanical activation on thiosulfate leaching of gold from complex sulfide concentrate,” Transactions of Nonferrous Metals Society of China, Vol. 21, No. 12, pp. 2744-2751.

[21] Hu, G., Dam-Johansen, K., Wedel, S. and Hansen, J.P., 2006, “Decomposition and oxidation of pyrite,” Progress in Energy and Combusion Science, Vol. 32, No. 3, pp. 295-314.

[22] Ikiz, D., Gulfen, M. and Aydin, A.O., 2006, “Dissolution kinetics of primary chalcopyrite ore in hypochlorite solution,” Minerals Engineering, Vol. 19, No. 9, pp. 972-974.

[23] Liddell, K.C., 2005, “Shrinking core models in hydrometallurgy: What students are not being told about the pseudosteady approximation,” Hydrometallurgy, Vol. 79, No. 1-2, pp. 62-68.

[24] Lindstrom, E.B., Gunneriusson, E. and Tuovinen, O.H., 1992, “Bacterial oxidation of refractory sulfide ores for gold recovery,” Critical Reviews in Biotechnology, Vol. 12, No. 1-2, pp. 133-155.

[25] Music, S., Popovic, S. and Ristic, M., 1992, “Thermal decomposition of pyrite,” J. of Radioanalytical and Nuclear Chemistry, Vol. 162, No. 2, pp. 217-226.

[26] Nunez, C., Espiell, F. and Garcia-Zayas, J., 1990, “Kinetics of galena leaching in hydrochloriic acid-chloride solutions,” Metallurgical Transactions B, Vol. 21B, No. 1, pp. 11-17.

[27] Ozkan, A., Aydogan, S. and Akdemir, U., 1998, “Bacterial leaching as a pre-treatment step for gold recovery from referactory ores,” Fizykochemiczne Problemy Mineralurgii, Vol. 32, pp. 173-181.

[28] Padilla, R., Rodriguez, G. and Ruiz, M.C., 2010, “Copper and arsenic dissolution from chalcopyrite-enargite concentrate by sulfidation and pressure leaching in H₂SO₄-O₂,” Hydrometallurgy, Vol. 100, No. 3-4, pp. 152-156.

[29] Padilla, R., Rodriguez, M. and Ruiz, M.C., 2003a, “Sulfidation of chalcopyrite with elemental sulfur,” Metallurgical and Materials Transactions B, Vol. 34B, No. 1, pp. 15-23.

[30] Padilla, R., Vega, D. and Ruiz, M.C., 2007, “Pressure leaching of sulfidized chalcopyrite in sulfuric acid-oxygen media,” Hydrometallurgy, Vol. 86, No. 1-2, pp. 80-88.

[31] Padilla, R., Zambrano, P. and Ruiz, M.C., 2003b, “Leaching of sulfidized chalcopyrite with H₂SO₃-NaCl-O₂,” Metallurgical and Materials Transactions B, Vol. 34B, No. 2, pp. 153-159.

[32] Puvvada, G.V.K. and Murthy, D.S.R., 2000, “Selective precious metals leaching from a chalcopyrite concentrate using chloride/hypochlorite media,” Hydrometallurgy, Vol. 58, No. 3, pp. 185-191.

[33] Rubisov, D.H., Krowinkel, J.M. and Papangelakis, V.G., 2000, “Sulphuric acid pressure leaching of laterites-universal kinetics of nickel dissolution for limonites and limonitic/saprolitic blends,” Hydrometallurgy, Vol. 58, No. 1, pp. 1-11.

[34] Safari, V., Arzpeyma, G., Rereshtehi, F. and Mostoufi, N., 2009, “A shrinking particle-shrinking core model for leaching of a zinc ore containing silica,” International J. of Mineral Processing, Vol. 93, No. 1, pp. 79-83.

[35] Vaughan, J.P., 2004, “The process mineralogy of gold: the classification of ore types,” The J. of The Minerals, Metals & Materials Society, Vol. 56, No. 7, pp 46-48.

[36] Velardo, A., Giona, M., Adrover, A., Pagnanelli, F. and Toro, L., 2002, “Two-layer shrinking-core model: parameter estimation for the reaction order in leaching processes,” Chemical Engineering J., Vol. 90, No. 3, pp. 231-240.

[37] Wang, Z., Chen, D. and Chen, L., 2007, “Gold cementation from thiocyanate solutions by iron powder,” Minerals Engineering, Vol. 20, No. 6, pp. 581-590.

[38] Yan, J., Xu, L. and Yang, J., 2008, “A study on the thermal decomposition of coal-derived pyrite,” J. of Analytical and Applied Pyrolysis, Vol. 82, No. 2, pp. 229-234.

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