Freeze-Thaw Cycle Test on Rocks for the Simulated Environment of the King Sejong Station, Antarctica

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2010 Vol.47, Issue 5 Preview Page Next Page

Freeze-Thaw Cycle Test on Rocks for the Simulated Environment of the King Sejong Station, Antarctica 남극 세종기지의 기후 환경을 모사한 암석의 동결-융해 풍화 시험: 박지환, 현창욱, 박형동
Ji-Hwan Park, Chang-Uk Hyun and Hyeong-Dong Park

31 October 2010. pp. 731-742

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Abstract

Physical weathering caused by freeze-thaw action in cold regions such as polar regions and high altitude regions was simulated with artificial weathering simulator in laboratory. Diorite, basalt and tuff specimens were prepared, which are the same as the rock type around Sejong Station, Antarctica. Temperature conditions were set up with the consideration of air and ground temperatures around Sejong Station, Antarctica. The test was carried out under two conditions: dried conditions at room temperature and saturated conditions. Uniaxial compression tests were conducted for the specimens which were separately weathered in dried and saturated conditions. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) photographs of diorite, basalt and tuff were also acquired to investigate the role of water in physical weathering processes. In uniaxial compression test, the strength of the specimens which were weathered in saturated conditions was measured to have lower strength than in dried conditions. In SEM photographs, it was observed that water develops microcracks in rock specimens.

Keywords

Artificial weathering

Physical weathering

Freeze-thaw test

Uniaxial compression test

SEM

극지환경이나 고지대 환경 등 저온환경에서 발생되는 동결-융해에 의한 물리적 풍화작용을 실내 인공풍화 장치를 이용해 실험적으로 재현하였다. 이를 위해 남극 세종기지 주변의 암종인 섬록암과 현무암, 응회암을 실험 대상으로 선정하였다. 온도 조건은 남극 세종기지 주변의 기온과 지중온도를 고려하였고, 수분 조건은 상온건조상태와 완전포화상태에서 실험을 수행하였다. 건조 및 포화시료에 대한 일축압축시험을 수행하고 주사전자현미경(SEM) 영상을 취득하여 암석의 동결-융해 풍화작용에 수분이 미치는 영향을 조사하였다. 일축압축시험 결과 포화시료의 강도가 더 낮게 측정되었고, 주사전자현미경 영상을 통해 수분이 미세균열의 발달에 영향을 미치는 것이 관찰되었다.

키워드

인공풍화

물리적 풍화

동결-융해 시험

일축압축시험

주사전자현미경

References

극지연구소, 2007, 남극 세종기지 기상연보(2005～2006), p. 178.
김성수, 박형동, 1999, “인공풍화 실험을 이용한 석재 물성의 변화 연구,” 한국자원공학회지, 제36권, pp. 141-149.
남극활동 및 환경보호에 관한 법률, 2008. 박연준, 유광호, 양광용, 우익, 박찬, 송원경, 2003, “동결-융해 시험에 의한 화강암의 풍화 특성 연구,” 터널과 지하공간, 제13권 3호, pp. 215-224.
박진동, 민경원, 2003, “인공 풍화에 따른 암석의 물성 변화에 관한 연구,” 자원개발연구, 제17권, pp. 51-60.
장순근, 이종익, 최문영, 허순도, 2003, “남극반도부근 킹조지 섬 세종기지 주위의 지질,” 지질학회지, 제39권 2호, pp. 271-286.
한욱, 이춘기, 정상조, 이방용, 남성헌, 2006, “남극 세종기지 활동층 토양의 온도와 열물성 연구,” 지질학회지, 제42권, pp. 577-586.
Bland, W. and Rolls, D., 1998, Weathering: An introduction to the scientific principles, Arnold, London, p. 271.
Brown, E.T., 1981, Rock characterization testing and monitoring: ISRM suggested methods, Pergamon Press, Oxford, p. 211.
Chen, T.C., Yeung, M.R. and Mori, N., 2004, “Effect of water saturation on deterioration of welded tuff due to freeze-thaw action,” Cold Regions Science and Technology, Vol. 38, pp. 127-136.
Davies, R.E.S., 1982, “The geology of the marian cove area, King George Island, and a tertiary age for its supposed Jurassic volcanic rocks,” British Antarctic Surey Bulletin, No. 51, pp. 151-165.
Dearman, W.R., 1974, “Weathering classification in the characterization of rock for engineering purpose in British practice,” Bulletin of the International Association of Engineering Geology, Vol. 9, pp. 33-42.
Fütterer, D.K., Damaske, D., Kleinschmidt, G., Miller, H. and Tessensohn, F. (eds.), 2006, Antarctica: Contributions to global earth sciences, Springer-Verlag, Berlin Heidelberg New York, pp. 261-270.
Hall, K., 1986a, “Rock moisture in the field and the laboratory and its relationship to mechanical weathering studies,” Earth Surface Processes and Landforms, Vol. 11, pp. 131-142.
Hall, K., 1986b, “The utilization of the stress intensity factor in a model forrock fracture during freezing: an example from Signy Island, the maritime Antarctic,” British Antarctic Survey Bulletin, Vol. 73, pp. 19-30.
Hall, K., 1987, “The physical properties of quartz-micaschist and their application to freeze-thaw weathering studies in the maritime Antarctic,” Earth Surface Processes and Landforms, Vol. 12, pp. 137-149.
Hall, K., 1988, “Daily monitoring of a rock tablet at a maritime Antarctic site: moisture and weathering results,” British Antarctic Survey Bulletin, Vol. 79, pp. 17-25.
Hall, K., Cullis, A. and Morewood, C., 1989, “Antarctic rock weathering simulations: simulator design, application and use,” Antarctic Science, Vol. 1, No. 1, pp. 45-50.
Irfan, T.Y., 1996, “Mineralogy, fabric properties and classification of weathered granites in Hong Kong,” Quarterly Journal of Engineering Geology, Vol. 29, pp. 5-35.
Kim, H., Lee, J.I., Choe, M.Y., Cho, M., Zheng, X., Sang, H. and Qiu, J., 2000, “Geochronologic evidence for early cretaceous volcanic activity on Barton Peninsula, King George Island, Antarctica,” Polar Research, Vol. 19, pp. 251-260.
Lee, J.I., Hur, S.D., Yoo, C.M., Yeo, J.P., Kim, H., Hwang, J., Choe, M.Y., Nam, S.H., Kim, Y., Park, B.K., Zheng, X. and Lopez-Martinez, J., 2002, Geological map of the Barton and Weaver peninsulas. Korea Ocean Research & Development Institute.
Lee, S.G., 1993, “Weathering of granite,” Journal of the Geological Society of Korea, Vol. 29, No. 4, pp. 396-413.
Lee, Y.I., Lim, H.S. and Yoon, H.I., 2004, “Geochemistry of soils of King George Island, South Shetland Islands, West Antarctica: Implications for pedogenesis in cold polar regions,” Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, Vol. 68, pp. 4319-4333.
Matsuoka, N., 1990, “Mechanisms of rock breakdown by frost action: an experimental approach,” Cold Regions
Science and Technology, Vol. 17, pp. 253-270.
Smellie, J.L. Pankhurst, R.J., Thomson, M.R.A. and Davies, R.E.S., 1984, The geology of the South Shetland Islands: VI. Stratigraphy, geochemistry and evolution, British Antarctic Survey Scientific Report 87, p. 85.
The Antarctic Treaty, 1959. Waltham, T., 2002, Foundations of engineering geology (2nd ed.), Spon Press, New York, USA, p. 104.
Yavuz, H., Altindag, R., Sarac, S., Ugur, I. and Sengun, N., 2006, “Estimating the index properties of deteriorated carbonate rocks due to freeze-thaw and thermal shock weathering,” International Journal of Rock Mechanics and Mining Sciences, Vol. 43, pp. 767-775.
Yeo, J.P., Lee, J.I., Hur, S.D. and Choi, B.G., 2004, “Geochemistry of volcanic rocks in Barton and Weaver peninsulas, King George Island, Antarctica: Implications for arc maturity and correlation with fossilized volcanic centers,” Geosciences Journal, Vol. 8, pp. 11-25.

Information

Publisher :The Korean Society of Mineral and Energy Resources Engineers
Publisher(Ko) :한국자원공학회
Journal Title :Journal of the Korean Society for Geosystem Engineering
Journal Title(Ko) :한국지구시스템공학회지
Volume : 47
No :5
Pages :731-742

[1] 극지연구소, 2007, 남극 세종기지 기상연보(2005～2006), p. 178.

[2] 김성수, 박형동, 1999, “인공풍화 실험을 이용한 석재 물성의 변화 연구,” 한국자원공학회지, 제36권, pp. 141-149.

[3] 남극활동 및 환경보호에 관한 법률, 2008. 박연준, 유광호, 양광용, 우익, 박찬, 송원경, 2003, “동결-융해 시험에 의한 화강암의 풍화 특성 연구,” 터널과 지하공간, 제13권 3호, pp. 215-224.

[4] 박진동, 민경원, 2003, “인공 풍화에 따른 암석의 물성 변화에 관한 연구,” 자원개발연구, 제17권, pp. 51-60.

[5] 장순근, 이종익, 최문영, 허순도, 2003, “남극반도부근 킹조지 섬 세종기지 주위의 지질,” 지질학회지, 제39권 2호, pp. 271-286.

[6] 한욱, 이춘기, 정상조, 이방용, 남성헌, 2006, “남극 세종기지 활동층 토양의 온도와 열물성 연구,” 지질학회지, 제42권, pp. 577-586.

[7] Bland, W. and Rolls, D., 1998, Weathering: An introduction to the scientific principles, Arnold, London, p. 271.

[8] Brown, E.T., 1981, Rock characterization testing and monitoring: ISRM suggested methods, Pergamon Press, Oxford, p. 211.

[9] Chen, T.C., Yeung, M.R. and Mori, N., 2004, “Effect of water saturation on deterioration of welded tuff due to freeze-thaw action,” Cold Regions Science and Technology, Vol. 38, pp. 127-136.

[10] Davies, R.E.S., 1982, “The geology of the marian cove area, King George Island, and a tertiary age for its supposed Jurassic volcanic rocks,” British Antarctic Surey Bulletin, No. 51, pp. 151-165.

[11] Dearman, W.R., 1974, “Weathering classification in the characterization of rock for engineering purpose in British practice,” Bulletin of the International Association of Engineering Geology, Vol. 9, pp. 33-42.

[12] Fütterer, D.K., Damaske, D., Kleinschmidt, G., Miller, H. and Tessensohn, F. (eds.), 2006, Antarctica: Contributions to global earth sciences, Springer-Verlag, Berlin Heidelberg New York, pp. 261-270.

[13] Hall, K., 1986a, “Rock moisture in the field and the laboratory and its relationship to mechanical weathering studies,” Earth Surface Processes and Landforms, Vol. 11, pp. 131-142.

[14] Hall, K., 1986b, “The utilization of the stress intensity factor in a model forrock fracture during freezing: an example from Signy Island, the maritime Antarctic,” British Antarctic Survey Bulletin, Vol. 73, pp. 19-30.

[15] Hall, K., 1987, “The physical properties of quartz-micaschist and their application to freeze-thaw weathering studies in the maritime Antarctic,” Earth Surface Processes and Landforms, Vol. 12, pp. 137-149.

[16] Hall, K., 1988, “Daily monitoring of a rock tablet at a maritime Antarctic site: moisture and weathering results,” British Antarctic Survey Bulletin, Vol. 79, pp. 17-25.

[17] Hall, K., Cullis, A. and Morewood, C., 1989, “Antarctic rock weathering simulations: simulator design, application and use,” Antarctic Science, Vol. 1, No. 1, pp. 45-50.

[18] Irfan, T.Y., 1996, “Mineralogy, fabric properties and classification of weathered granites in Hong Kong,” Quarterly Journal of Engineering Geology, Vol. 29, pp. 5-35.

[19] Kim, H., Lee, J.I., Choe, M.Y., Cho, M., Zheng, X., Sang, H. and Qiu, J., 2000, “Geochronologic evidence for early cretaceous volcanic activity on Barton Peninsula, King George Island, Antarctica,” Polar Research, Vol. 19, pp. 251-260.

[20] Lee, J.I., Hur, S.D., Yoo, C.M., Yeo, J.P., Kim, H., Hwang, J., Choe, M.Y., Nam, S.H., Kim, Y., Park, B.K., Zheng, X. and Lopez-Martinez, J., 2002, Geological map of the Barton and Weaver peninsulas. Korea Ocean Research & Development Institute.

[21] Lee, S.G., 1993, “Weathering of granite,” Journal of the Geological Society of Korea, Vol. 29, No. 4, pp. 396-413.

[22] Lee, Y.I., Lim, H.S. and Yoon, H.I., 2004, “Geochemistry of soils of King George Island, South Shetland Islands, West Antarctica: Implications for pedogenesis in cold polar regions,” Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, Vol. 68, pp. 4319-4333.

[23] Matsuoka, N., 1990, “Mechanisms of rock breakdown by frost action: an experimental approach,” Cold Regions

[24] Science and Technology, Vol. 17, pp. 253-270.

[25] Smellie, J.L. Pankhurst, R.J., Thomson, M.R.A. and Davies, R.E.S., 1984, The geology of the South Shetland Islands: VI. Stratigraphy, geochemistry and evolution, British Antarctic Survey Scientific Report 87, p. 85.

[26] The Antarctic Treaty, 1959. Waltham, T., 2002, Foundations of engineering geology (2nd ed.), Spon Press, New York, USA, p. 104.

[27] Yavuz, H., Altindag, R., Sarac, S., Ugur, I. and Sengun, N., 2006, “Estimating the index properties of deteriorated carbonate rocks due to freeze-thaw and thermal shock weathering,” International Journal of Rock Mechanics and Mining Sciences, Vol. 43, pp. 767-775.

[28] Yeo, J.P., Lee, J.I., Hur, S.D. and Choi, B.G., 2004, “Geochemistry of volcanic rocks in Barton and Weaver peninsulas, King George Island, Antarctica: Implications for arc maturity and correlation with fossilized volcanic centers,” Geosciences Journal, Vol. 8, pp. 11-25.

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