Journal of the Korean Society of Mineral and Energy Resources Engineers ISSN:2288-0291(Print) 2288-2790(Online) 한국자원공학회지

Agarwal, C. and Pandey, A.K., 2023. Remediation and recycling of inorganic acids and their green alternatives for sustainable industrial chemical processes, Environmental Science: Advances, 2, p.1306-1339.

Alipanah, M., Reed, D., Thompson, V., Fujita, Y., and Jin, H., 2023. Sustainable bioleaching of lithium-ion batteries for critical materials recovery, Journal of Cleaner Production, 382, 135274.

Al-Thyabat, S., Nakamura, T., Shibata, E., and Iizuka, A., 2013. Adaptation of minerals processing operations for lithium-ion (LiBs) and nickel metal hydride (NiMH) batteries recycling: Critical review, Minerals Engineering, 45, p.4-17.

Anaya-Garzon, J., Hubau, A., Joulian, C., and Guezennec, A.G., 2021. Bioleaching of E-waste: influence of printed circuit boards on the activity of acidophilic iron-oxidizing bacteria, Frontiers in Microbiology, 12, 669738.

Arshad, F., Li, L., Amin, K., Fan, E., Manurkar, N., Ahmad, A., Yang, J., Wu, F., and Chen, R., 2020. A comprehensive review of the advancement in recycling the anode and electrolyte from spent lithium ion batteries, ACS Sustainable Chemistry and Engineering, 8, p.13527-13554.

Bahaloo-Horeh, N. and Mousavi, S.M., 2017. Enhanced recovery of valuable metals from spent lithium-ion batteries through optimization of organic acids produced by Aspergillus niger, Waste Management, 60, p.666-679.

Bahaloo-Horeh, N., Mousavi, S.M., and Baniasadi, M., 2018. Use of adapted metal tolerant Aspergillus niger to enhance bioleaching efficiency of valuable metals from spent lithium-ion mobile phone batteries, Journal of Cleaner Production, 197, p.1546-1557.

Baniasadi, M., Vakilchap, F., Bahaloo-Horeh, N., Mousavi, S.M., and Farnaud, S., 2019. Advances in bioleaching as a sustainable method for metal recovery from e-waste: A review, Journal of Industrial and Engineering Chemistry, 76, p.75-90.

Barnwal, A., Mir, S., and Dhawan, N., 2020. Processing of discarded printed circuit board fines via flotation, Journal of Sustainable Metallurgy, 6, p.631-642.

Bas, A.D., Deveci, H., and Yazici, E.Y., 2013. Bioleaching of copper from low grade scrap TV circuit boards using mesophilic bacteria, Hydrometallurgy, 138, p.65-70.

Beiki, V., Naseri, T., and Mousavi, S.M., 2023. Comprehensive characterization and environmental implications of spent telecommunication printed circuit boards: towards a cleaner and sustainable environment, Journal of Environmental Management, 325, 116482.

Biswal, B.K., Jadhav, U.U., Madhaiyan, M., Ji, L., Yang, E.-H., and Cao, B., 2018. Biological leaching and chemical precipitation methods for recovery of Co and Li from spent lithium-ion batteries, ACS Sustainable Chemistry & Engineering, 6, p.12343-12352.

Boxall, N.J., Cheng, K.Y., Bruckard, W., and Kaksonen, A.H., 2018. Application of indirect non-contact bioleaching for extracting metals from waste lithium-ion batteries, Journal of Hazardous Materials, 360, p.504-511.

Brandl, H., Bosshard, R., and Wegmann, M., 2001. Computer-munching microbes: Metal leaching from electronic scrap by bacteria and fungi, Hydrometallurgy, 59, p.319-326.

Brandl, H., Lehmann, S., Faramarzi, M., and Martinelli, D., 2008. Biomobilization of silver, gold, and platinum from solid waste materials by HCN-forming microorganisms, Hydrometallurgy, 94, p.14-17.

Bryan, C.G., Watkin, E.L., McCredden, T.J., Wong, Z.R., Harrison, S.T.L., and Kaksonen, A.H., 2015. The use of pyrite as a source of lixiviant in the bioleaching of electronic waste, Hydrometallugy, 152, p.33-43.

Cai, X., Tian, L., Chen, C., Huang, W., Yu, Y., Liu, C., Yang, B., Lu, X., and Mao, Y., 2021. Phylogenetically divergent bacteria consortium from neutral activated sludge showed heightened potential on bioleaching spent lithium-ion batteries, Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety, 223, 112592.

Chen, G., Shi, H., Ding, H., Zhang, X., Gu, T., Zhu, M., and Tan, W., 2023. Multi-scale analysis of nickel ion tolerance mechanism for thermophilic Sulfobacillus thermosulfidooxidans in bioleaching, Journal of Hazardous Materials, 443, 130245.

Chen, X., Chen, Y., Zhou, T., Liu, D., Hu, H., and Fan, S., 2015. Hydrometallurgical recovery of metal values from sulfuric acid leaching liquor of spent lithium-ion batteries, Waste Management, 38, v.349-356.

Chi, T., Lee, J., Pandey, B.D., Yoo, K., and Jeong, J., 2011. Bioleaching of gold and copper from waste mobile phone PCBs by using a cyanogenic bacterium, Minerals Engineering, 24, p.1219-1222.

Choi, M.S., Cho, K.S., Kim, D.S., and Kim, D.J., 2004. Microbial recovery of copper from printed circuit boards of waste computer by Acidithiobacillus ferrooxidans, Journal of Environmental Science and Health, Part A. Toxic/Hazardous Substances and Environmental Engineering, 39, p.2973-2982.

Cui, J. and Zhang, L., 2008. Metallurgical recovery of metals from electronic waste: a review, Journal of Hazardous Materials, 158, p.228-256.

Dalini, E.A., Karimi, Gh., Zandevakili, S., and Goodarzi, M., 2021. A review on environmental, economic and hydrometallurgical processes of recycling spent lithium-ion batteries, Mineral Processing and Extractive Metallurgy Reviews, 42, p.451-472.

Deng, X., Chai, L., Yang, Z., Tang, C., Wang, Y., and Shi, Y., 2013. Bioleaching mechanism of heavy metals in the mixture of contaminated soil and slag by using indigenous Penicillium chrysogenum strain F1, Journal of Hazardous Materials, 248-249, p.107-114.

Erust, C., Akcil, A., Tuncuk, A., Deveci, H., Yazici, E.Y., and Panda, S., 2021. A novel approach based on solvent displacement crystallisation for iron removal and copper recovery from solutions of semi-pilot scale bioleaching of WPCBs, Journal of Cleaner Production, 294, 126346.

Gao, W., Zhang, X., Zheng, X., Lin, X., Cao, H., Zhang, Y., and Sun, Z., 2017. Lithium carbonate recovery from cathode scrap of spent lithium-ion battery: a closed-loop process, Environmental Science and Technology, 51, p.1662-1669.

Georgi-Maschler, T., Friedrich, B., Weyhe, R., Heegn, H., and Rutz, M., 2012. Development of a recycling process for Li-ion batteries, Journal of Power Sources, 207, p.173-182.

Ghassa, S., Farzanegan, A., Gharabaghi, M., and Abdollahi, H., 2020. The reductive leaching of waste lithium ion batteries in presence of iron ions: process optimization and kinetics modelling, Journal of Cleaner Production, 262, 121312.

Ghosh, A., 2020. Possibilities and challenges for the inclusion of the electric vehicle (EV) to reduce the carbon footprint in the transport sector: A review, Energies, 13, 2602.

Golmohammadzadeh, R., Rashchi, F., and Vahidi, E., 2017. Recovery of lithium and cobalt from spent lithium-ion batteries using organic acids: Process optimization and kinetic aspects, Waste Management, 64, p.244-254.

Guezennec, A.G., Joulian, C., Delort, C., Bodenan, F., Hedrich, S., and d’Hugues, P., 2018. CO₂ mass transfer in bioleaching reactors: CO₂ enrichment applied to a complex copper concentrate, Hydrometallurgy, 180, p.277-286.

Guimarães, L.F., Botelho Junior, A.B., and Espinosa, D.C.R., 2022. Sulfuric acid leaching of metals from waste Li-ion batteries without using reducing agent, Minerals Engineering, 183, 107597.

Gunarathne, V., Rajapaksha, A.U., Vithanage, M., Alessi, D.S., Selvasembian,, R., Naushad, Mu., You, S., Oleszczuk, P., and Ok, Y.S., 2022. Hydrometallurgical processes for heavy metals recovery from industrial sludges, Critical Reviews in Environmental Science and Technology, 52, p.1022-1062.

Hadi, P., Xu, M., Lin, C.S.K., Hui, C.-W., and McKay, G., 2015. Waste printed circuit board recycling techniques and product utilization, Journal of Hazardous Materials, 283, p.234-243.

He, L.P., Sun, S.Y., Song, X.F., and Yu, J.G., 2017. Leaching process for recovering valuable metals from the LiNi_1/3Co_1/3Mn_1/3O₂ cathode of lithium-ion batteries, Waste Management, 64, p.171-181.

Heydarian, A., Mousavi, S.M., Vakilchap, F., and Baniasadi, M., 2018. Application of a mixed culture of adapted acidophilic bacteria in two-step bioleaching of spent lithium-ion laptop batteries, Journal of Power Sources, 378, p.19-30.

Huang, T., Liu, L., and Zhang, S., 2019. Recovery of cobalt, lithium, and manganese from the cathode active materials of spent lithium-ion batteries in a bio-electro-hydrometallurgical process, Hydrometallurgy, 188, p.101-111.

Hubau, A., Minier, M., Changes, A., Joulian, C., Silvente, C., and Guezennec, A.G., 2020. Recovery of metals in a double-stage continuous bioreactor for acid bioleaching of printed circuit boards (PCBs), Separation and Purification Technology, 238, 116481.

Ilyas, S., Anwar, M.A., Niazi, S., and Ghauri, M.A., 2007. Bioleaching of metals from electronic scrap by moderately thermophilic acidophilic bacteria, Hydrometallurgy, 88, p.180-188.

Ilyas, S., Lee, J.-C., and Chi, R.-A., 2013. Bioleaching of metals from electronic scrap and its potential for commercial exploitation, Hydrometallurgy, 131-132, p.138-143.

Ilyas, S., Ruan, C., Bhatti, H.N., Ghauri, M.A., and Anwar, M.A., 2010. Column bioleaching of metals from electronic scrap, Hydrometallurgy, 101, p.135-140.

Ilyas, S., Srivastava, R.R., Kim, H., and Ilyas, N., 2022. Biotechnological recycling of hazardous waste PCBs using Sulfobacillus thermosulfidooxidans through pretreatment of toxicant metals: Process optimization and kinetic studies, Chemosphere, 286, 131978.

Innocenzi, V., Ippolito, N.M., De Michelis, I., Prisciandaro, M., Medici, F., and Vegliò, F., 2017. A review of the processes and lab-scale techniques for the treatment of spent rechargeable NiMH batteries, Journal of Power Sources, 362, p.202-218.

Işıldar, A., Rene, E.R., van Hullebusch, E.D., and Lens, P.N.L., 2018. Electronic waste as a secondary source of critical metals: management and recovery technologies, Resources, Conservation and Recycling, 135, p.296-312.

Işıldar, A., van de Vossenberg, J., Rene, E.R., van Hullebusch, E.D., and Lens, P.N.L., 2016. Two-step bioleaching of copper and gold from discarded printed circuit boards (PCB), Waste Management, 57, p.149-157.

Islam, A., Ahmed, T., Awual, M.R., Rahman, A., Sultana, M., Aziz, A.A., Monir, M.U., Teo, S.H., and Hasan, M., 2020. Advances in sustainable approaches to recover metals from e-waste - A review, Journal of Cleaner Production, 244, 118815.

Jadhao, P., Chauhan, G., Pant, K.K., and Nigam, K.D.P., 2015. Greener approach for the extraction of copper metal from electronic waste, Waste Management, 57, p.102-112.

Jadhav, U. and Hocheng, H., 2015. Enzymatic bioleaching of metals from printed circuit board, Clean Technologies and Environmental Policy, 17, p.947-956.

Jha, M.K., Kumari, A., Jha, A.K., Kumar, V., Hait, J., and Pandey, B.D., 2013. Recovery of lithium and cobalt from waste lithium ion batteries of mobile phone, Waste Management, 33, p.1890-1897.

Jones, B., Nguyen-Tien, V., and Elliott, R.J.R., 2023. The electric vehicle revolution: critical material supply chains, trade and development, The World Economy, 46, p.2-26.

Kaya, M., 2016. Recovery of metals and nonmetals from electronic waste by physical and chemical recycling processes, Waste Management, 57, p.64-90.

Khanna, R., Saini, R., Park, M., Ellamparuthy, G., Biswal, S.K., and Mukherjee, P.S., 2020. Factors influencing the release of potentially toxic elements (PTEs) during thermal processing of electronic waste, Waste Management, 105, p.414-424.

Kim, S., Yang, D., Rhee, K., and Sohn, J., 2014. Recycling process of spent battery modules in used hybrid electric vehicles using physical/chemical treatments, Research on Chemical Intermediates, 40, p.2447-2456.

Kumar, A., Holuszko, M.E., and Janke, T., 2021. Analysis of rejects from waste printed circuit board processing as an alternative fuel for the cement industry, Waste Management and Research: The Journal for Sustainable Circular Economy, 39, p.841-848.

Li, J., Shi, P., Wang, Z., Chen, Y., and Chang, C.C., 2009. A combined recovery process of metals in spent lithium-ion batteries, Chemosphere, 77, p.1132-1136.

Li, L., Qu, W., Zhang, X., Lu, J., Chen, R., Wu, F., and Amine, K., 2015. Succinic acid-based leaching system: a sustainable process for recovery of valuable metals from spent Li-ion batteries, Journal of Power Sources, 282, p.544-551.

Li, L., Zhai, L., Zhang, X., Lu, J., Chen, R., Wu, F., and Amine, K., 2014. Recovery of valuable metals from spent lithium-ion batteries by ultrasonic-assisted leaching process, Journal of Power Sources, 262, p.380-385.

Li, L., Zhang, X., Li, M., Chen, R., Wu, F., Amine, K., and Lu, J., 2018. The recycling of spent lithium-ion batteries: a review of current processes and technologies, Electrochemical Energy Reviews, 1, p.461-482.

Li, Y., Lv, W., Huang, H., Yan, W., Li, X., Ning, P., Cao, H., and Sun, Z., 2021. Recycling of spent lithium-ion batteries in view of green chemistry, Green Chemistry, 23, p.6139-6171.

Liang, G., Tang, J., Liu, W., and Zhou, Q., 2013. Optimizing mixed culture of two acidophiles to improve copper recovery from printed circuit boards (PCBs), Journal of Hazardous Materials, 250-251, p.238-245.

Liao, X., Ye, M., Liang, J., Li, S., Liu, Z., Deng, Y., Guan, Z., Gan, Q., Fang, X., and Sun, S., 2022. Synergistic enhancement of metal extraction from spent Li-ion batteries by mixed culture bioleaching process mediated by ascorbic acid: performance and mechanism, Journal of Cleaner Production, 380, 134991.

Mahmoud, A., Cezac, P., Hoadley, A.F., Contamine, F., and D’hugues, P., 2017. A review of sulfide minerals microbially assisted leaching in stirred tank reactors, International Biodeterioration and Biodegradation, 119, p.118-146.

Marques, A.C., Cabrera, J.M., and Malfatti, C.F., 2013. Printed circuit boards: A review on the perspective of sustainability, Journal of Environmental Management, 131, p.298-306.

Mir, S. and Dhawan, N., 2022. A comprehensive review on the recycling of discarded printed circuit boards for resource recovery, Resources, Conservation and Recycling, 178, 106027.

Mishra, D., Kim, D.J., Ralph, D.E., Ahn, J.G., and Rhee, Y.H., 2008. Bioleaching of metals from spent lithium ion secondary batteries using Acidithiobacillus ferrooxidans, Waste Management, 28, p.333-338.

Moazzam, P., Boroumand, Y., Rabiei, P., Baghbaderani, S.S., Mokarian, P., Mohagheghian, F., Mohammed, L.J., and Razmjou, A., 2021. Lithium bioleaching: An emerging approach for the recovery of Li from spent lithium ion batteries, Chemosphere, 277, 130196.

Mohanty, A., Sukla, L.B., Nayak, S., and Devi, N., 2022. Selective recovery and intensification of Mn from spent LiMn₂O₄ using sulfuric acid as lixiviant and Na-D2EHPA as extractant, Geosystem Engineering, 25, p.246-255.

Moyo, T., Chirume, B.H., and Petersen, J., 2020. Assessing alternative pre-treatment methods to promote metal recovery in the leaching of printed circuit boards, Resources, Conservation and Recycling, 152, 104545.

Mrazikova, A., Kadukova, J., Marcincakova, R., Velgosova, O., Willner, J., Fornalczyk, A., and Saturnus, M., 2016. The effect of specific conditions on Cu, Ni, Zn and Al recovery from PCBs waste using acidophilic bacterial strains, Archives of Metallurgy and Materials, 61, p.261-264.

Murugesan, M.P., Kannan, K., and Selvaganapathy, T., 2020. Bioleaching recovery of copper from printed circuit boards and optimization of various parameters using response surface methodology (RSM), Materials Today Proceedings, 26, p.2720-2728.

Naseri, T. and Mousavi, S.M., 2024. Improvement of Li and Mn bioleaching from spent lithium-ion batteries, using step-wise addition of biogenic sulfuric acid by Acidithiobacillus thiooxidans, Heliyon, 10, e37447.

Naseri, T., Bahaloo-Horeh, N., and Mousavi, S.M., 2019a. Bacterial leaching as a green approach for typical metals recovery from end-of-life coin cells batteries, Journal of Cleaner Production, 220, p.483-492.

Naseri, T., Bahaloo-Horeh, N., and Mousavi, S.M., 2019b. Environmentally friendly recovery of valuable metals from spent coin cells through two-step bioleaching using Acidithiobacillus thiooxidans, Journal of Environmental Management, 235, p.357-367.

Natarajan, G. and Ting, Y.-P., 2014. Pretreatment of e-waste and mutation of alkalitolerant cyanogenic bacteria promote gold biorecovery, Bioresource Technology, 152, p.80-85.

Niu, Z., Zou, Y., Xin, B., Chen, S., Liu, C., and Li, Y., 2014. Process controls for improving bioleaching performance of both Li and Co from spent lithium ion batteries at high pulp density and its thermodynamics and kinetics exploration, Chemosphere, 109, p.92-98.

Otsuki, A., La Mensbruge, L.D., King, A., Serranti, S., Fiore, L., and Bonifazi, G., 2020. Non-destructive characterization of mechanically processed waste printed circuit boards - particle liberation analysis, Waste Management, 102, p.510-519.

Pagnanelli, F., Moscardini, E., Altimari, P., Atia, T.A., and Toro, L., 2016. Cobalt products from real waste fractions of end of life lithium ion batteries, Waste Management, 51, p.214-221.

Pokhrel, P., Lin, S.-L., and Tsai, C.-T., 2020. Environmental and economic performance analysis of recycling waste printed circuit boards using life cycle assessment, Journal of Environmental Management, 276, 111276.

Pollmann, K., Kutschke, S., Matys, S., Kostudis, S., Hopfe, S., and Raff, J., 2016. Novel biotechnological approaches for the recovery of metals from primary and secondary resources, Minerals, 6, 54.

Pollmann, K., Kutschke, S., Matys, S., Raff, J., Hlawacek, G., and Lederer, F.L., 2018. Bio-recycling of metals: Recycling of technical products using biological applications, Biotechnology Advances, 36, p.1048-1062.

Pourhossein, F., Mohammad, S., and Beolchini, F., 2022. Innovative bio-acid leaching method for high recovery of critical metals from end-of-life light emitting diodes, Resources, Conservation and Recycling, 182, 106306.

Rietmann, N., Hügler, B., and Lieven, T., 2020. Forecasting the trajectory of electric vehicle sales and the consequences for worldwide CO₂ emissions, Journal of Cleaner Production, 261, 121038.

Roy, J.J., Cao, B., and Madhavi, S., 2021a. A review on the recycling of spent lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) by the bioleaching approach, Chemosphere, 282, 130944.

Roy, J.J., Srinivasan, M., and Cao, B., 2021b. Bioleaching as an eco-friendly approach for metal recovery from spent NMC-based lithium-ion batteries at a high pulp density, ACS Sustainable Chemistry and Engineering, 9, p.3060-3069.

Roy, J.J., Madhavi, S., and Cao, B., 2021c. Metal extraction from spent lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) at high pulp density by environmentally friendly bioleaching process, Journal of Cleaner Production, 280, 124242.

Ruan, J., Zhu, X., Qian, Y., and Hu, J., 2014. A new strain for recovering precious metals from waste printed circuit boards, Waste Management, 34, p.901-907.

Schwartz, E., He, H., Frost, K., Nguyen, B.H., Ogunseitan, O.A., and Schoenung, J.M., 2024. Comparative life cycle assessment of copper and gold recovery from waste printed circuit boards: Pyrometallurgy, chemical leaching and bioleaching, Journal of Hazardous Materials, 473, 134545.

Sodha, A.B., Shah, M.B., Qureshi, S.A., Tipre, D.R., and Dave, S.R., 2019. Decouple and compare the role of abiotic factors and developed iron and sulfur oxidizers for enhanced extraction of metals from television printed circuit boards, Separation Science and Technology, 54, 4.

Sodha, A.B., Tipre, D.R., and Dave, S.R., 2020. Optimisation of biohydrometallurgical batch reactor process for copper extraction and recovery from non-pulverized waste printed circuit boards, Hydrometallurgy, 191, 105170.

Tapia, J., Duenas, A., Cheje, N., Soclle, G., Patino, N., Ancalla, W., Tenorio, S., Denos, J., Taco, H., Cao, W., Alexandrino, D.A.M., Jia, Z., Vasconcelos, V., Carvalho, M.F., and Lazarte, A., 2022. Bioleaching of heavy metals from printed circuit boards with an acidophilic iron-oxidizing microbial consortium in stirred tank reactor, Bioengineering, 9, 79p.

Touze, S., Guignot, S., Hubau, A., Devau, N., and Chapron, S., 2020. Sampling waste printed circuit boards: achieving the right combination between particle size and sample mass to measure metal content, Waste Management, 118, p.380-390.

Tuncuk, A., Stazi, V., Akcil, A., Yazici, E.Y., and Deveci, H., 2012. Aqueous metal recovery techniques from e-scrap: Hydrometallurgy in recycling, Minerals Engineering, 25, p.28-37.

Urias, P.M., dos Reis Menezes, L.H., Cardoso, V.L., de Resende, M.M., and de Souza Ferreira, J., 2021. Leaching with mixed organic acids and sulfuric acid to recover cobalt and lithium from lithium ion batteries, Environmental Technology, 42, p.4027-4037.

Vardanyan, A., Vardanyan, N., Abrahamyan, N., Aatach, M., and Gaydardzhiev, S., 2022a. Sequential biologically assisted extraction of cu and Zn from printed circuit boards (PCB), International Journal of Environmental Studies, 81, p.1756-1771.

Vardanyan, A., Vardanyan, N., Aâtach, M., Malavasi, P., and Gaydardzhiev, S., 2022b. Bio-assisted leaching of non-ferrous metals from waste printed circuit boards - Importance of process parameters, Metals, 12, 2092.

Vardanyan, A., Vardanyan, N., and Gaydardzhiev, S., 2023. Biological extraction of Cu and Ni from printed circuit boards via redoxolysis with concomitant material characterization, Hydrometallurgy, 221, 106145.

Vera, M., Schippers, A., and Sand, W., 2013. Progress in bioleaching: fundamentals and mechanisms of bacterial metal sulfide oxidation - part A, Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology, 97, p.7529-7541.

Vermeșan, H., Tiuc, A.-E., and Purcar, M., 2019. Advanced recovery techniques for waste materials from IT and telecommunication equipment printed circuit boards, Sustainability, 12, 74p.

Vidyadhar, A. and Das, A., 2013. Enrichment implication of froth flotation kinetics in the separation and recovery of metal values from printed circuit boards, Separation and Purification Technology, 118, p.305-312.

Vinayak, A.K., Xu, Z., Li, G., and Wang, X., 2023. Current trends in sourcing, recycling, and regeneration of spent lithium-ion batteries - A review, Renewables, 1, p.294-315.

Wang, F., Zhang, T., He, Y., Zhao, Y., Wang, S., Zhang, G., Zhang, Y., and Feng, Y., 2018. Recovery of valuable materials from spent lithium-ion batteries by mechanical separation and thermal treatment, Journal of Cleaner Production, 185, p.646-652.

Wang, L., He, J., Xia, A., Cheng, M., Yang, Q., Du, C., Wei, H., Huang, X., and Zhou, Q., 2017a. Toxic effects of environmental rare earth elements on delayed outward potassium channels and their mechanisms from a microscopic perspective, Chemosphere, 181, p.690-698.

Wang, H., Zhang, S., Li, B., Pan, D., Wu, Y., and Zuo, T., 2017b. Recovery of waste printed circuit boards through pyrometallurgical processing: a review, Resources, Conservation and Recycling, 126, p.209-218.

Wu, W., Liu, X., Zhang, X., Li, X., Qiu, Y., Zhu, M., and Tan, W., 2019. Mechanism underlying the bioleaching process of LiCoO₂ by sulfur-oxidizing and iron-oxidizing bacteria, Journal of Bioscience and Bioengineering, 128, p.344-354.

Xin, Y., Guo, X., Chen, S., Wang, J., Wu, F., and Xin, B., 2016. Bioleaching of valuable metals Li, Co, Ni and Mn from spent electric vehicle Li-ion batteries for the purpose of recovery, Journal of Cleaner Production, 116, p.249-258.

Yang, J., Fan, E., Lin, J., Arshad, F., Zhang, X., Wang, H., Wu, F., Chen, R., and Li, L., 2021. Recovery and reuse of anode graphite from spent lithium-ion batteries via citric acid leaching, ACS Applied Energy Materials, 4, p.6261-6268.

Yang, T., Xu, Z., Wen, J., and Yang, L., 2009. Factors influencing bioleaching copper from waste printed circuit boards by Acidithiobacillus ferrooxidans, Hydrometallurgy, 97, p.29-32.

Yang, Y., Chen, S., Li, S., Chen, M., Chen, H., and Liu, B., 2014. Bioleaching waste printed circuit boards by Acidithiobacillus ferrooxidans and its kinetics aspect, Journal of Biotechnology, 173, p.24-30.

Yang, Y., Lei, S., Song, S., Sun, W., and Wang, L., 2020. Stepwise recycling of valuable metals from Ni-rich cathode material of spent lithium-ion batteries, Waste Management, 102, p.131-138.

Yken, J.V., Cheng, K.Y., Boxall, N.J., Nikoloski, A.N., Moheimani, N., Valix, M., Sahajwalla, V., and Kaksonen, A.H., 2020. Potential of metals leaching from printed circuit boards with biological and chemical lixiviants, Hydrometallurgy, 196, 105433.

Yun, S., Jung, H., Lee, H.J., Yang, Y., Lee, J.S., Hur, M., Lee, B.-H., Ahn, J., and Hwang, G., 2024. Bioleaching of valuable metals from three cathode active materials comprising lithium nickel cobalt manganese (NCM) oxide using indigenous microorganisms, Journal of Industrial and Engineering Chemistry, 135, p.552-560.

Zeng, G., Deng, X., Luo, S., Luo, X., and Zou, J., 2012. A copper-catalyzed bioleaching process for enhancement of cobalt dissolution from spent lithium-ion batteries, Journal of Hazardous Materials, 199-200, p.164-169.

Zeng, X., Li, J., and Shen, B., 2015. Novel approach to recover cobalt and lithium from spent lithium-ion battery using oxalic acid, Journal of Hazardous Materials, 295, p.112-118.

Zhang, X., Cao, H., Xie, Y., Ning, P., An, H., You, H., and Nawaz, F., 2015. A closed-loop process for recycling LiNi_1/3Co_1/3Mn_1/3O₂ from the cathode scraps of lithium-ion batteries: Process optimization and kinetics analysis, Separation and Purification Technology, 150, p.186-195.

Zhang, Y., Meng, Q., Dong, P., Duan, J., and Lin, Y., 2018. Use of grape seed as reductant for leaching of cobalt from spent lithium-ion batteries, Journal of Industrial and Engineering Chemistry, 66, p.86-93.

Zhao, S., Quan, J., Wang, T., Song, D., Huang, J., He, W., and Li, G., 2022. Unveiling the recycling characteristics and trends of spent lithium-ion battery: a scientometric study, Environmental Science and Pollution Research, 29, p.9448-9461.

Zheng, Q., Watanabe, M., Iwatate, Y., Azuma, D., Shibazaki, K., Hiraga, Y., Kishita, A., and Nakayasu, Y., 2020. Hydrothermal leaching of ternary and binary lithium-ion battery cathode materials with citric acid and the kinetic study, Journal of Supercritical Fluids, 165, 104990.

Zhu, N., Xiang, Y., Zhang, T., Wu, P., Dang, Z., Li, P., and Wu, J., 2011. Bioleaching of metal concentrates of waste printed circuit boards by mixed culture of acidophilic bacteria, Journal of Hazardous Materials, 192, p.614-619.