Durability of Some Rocks Against Artificial Salt Weathering

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2005 Vol.42, Issue 6 Preview Page Next Page

Durability of Some Rocks Against Artificial Salt Weathering 인공염풍화에 대한 암석의 내구성에 관한 연구: 민경원, 박진동
Kyoung-Won Min and Jin-Dong Park

31 December 2005. pp. 634-642

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Abstract

To investigate the variation of physical properties of rocks due to salt weathering, artificial salt weathering tests of NaCl, KCl, CaCl2 and Na2SO4 were carried out. Samples of granite, limestone, marble and basalt were collected from six localities and were prepared for artificial salt weathering tests. All tests were performed up to 30 cycles. Physical properties of rocks such as apparent specific gravity and P-wave velocity were measured after every 10 cycles. Uniaxial compressive strengths were measured before and after whole tests. After salt crystallization test, SEM(Scanning Electron Microscope) analysis was carried out to observe recrystallized salts in the cracks of rock samples. In the salt crystallization test, limestone, marble and basalt samples showed relatively greater change of physical properties than granite samples. Some rocks were severely deformed and then burst after repeated salt crystallization. In the early stages of salt weathering, recrystallized salts filling pores and cracks in rocks could be an important factor affecting rock properties. Soluble salts have great effect on rock properties depending on natural circumstance and time, and generally NaCl and Na2SO4 impact more seriously on rock than KCl and CaCl2.

Keywords

Durability

Artificial salt weathering

Physical properties

Salt crystallization

염풍화에 의한 암석의 공학적 물성 변화를 파악하기 위하여 국내 6개 지역의 화강암, 석회암, 대리암, 현무암을 대상으로 NaCl, KCl, CaCl2 및 Na2SO4을 사용한 인공염풍화실험을 수행하였다. 실험은 30회의 반복실험으로 이루어졌으며, 매 10회 반복실험 마다 겉보기 비중과 P파 속도를, 30회 반복실험 후에는 일축압축강도를 측정하였다. 염풍화실험 후에는 주사현미경에 의하여 암석시료 내의 균열에 침전된 염결정들을 관찰하였다. 염의 종류에 따라서 차이는 있으나 상대적으로 화강암류 암석시료보다 석회암, 대리암, 현무암 암석시료가 더 큰 암석 물성의 변화를 보였다. 반복되는 염결정으로 일부 시료는 심하게 변형되어 파손되는 현상을 보였으며, 초기의 염풍화에서 암석의 공극이나 균열을 충전하는 염의 재결정이 암석의 물성에 영향을 미치는 주요한 요인이 됨을 보였다. 가용성의 염들은 자연환경과 시간에 따라 암석의 물성에 큰 영향을 주며, 일반적으로 암석의 종류와 상관없이 NaCl과 Na2SO4가 KCl과 CaCl2보다 암석의 손상에 더 큰 영향을 미친다.

키워드

내구성

인공염풍화

물성

염결정

References

김성수, 박형동, 1999, “인공풍화 실험을 이용한 석재 물성의 변화 연구”, 한국자원공학회지, 제36권 2호, pp. 141-149.
American Society for Testing and Materials(ASTM), 1997, “Standard test method for resistance of concrete to rapid freezing and thawing”, ASTM C666-97.
Aref, M.A.M., El-Khoriby, E. and Hamdan, M.A., 2002, “The role of salt weathering in the origin of the Qattara Depression, Western Desert, Egypt”, Geomorphology, Vol. 45, pp. 181-195.
Benavente, D., Garcia-del-Cura, M.A. and Ordonez, S., 2003, “Salt influence on evaporation from porous building rocks”, Construction and Building Materials, Vol. 17, pp. 113-122.
Bortz, S.A. and Wonneberger, B., 1995, “Durability testing of thin stone”, Rock Mechanics, Proc. 35th U.S. Symposium, 373-378.
Carlos, R.N., Lucia, L.F., Eric, D. and Eduardo, S., 2002, “Effects of ferrocyanide ions on NaCl crystallization in porous stone”, Journal of Crystal Growth, Vol. 243, pp.503-516.
Chapman, R.W., 1980, “Salt weathering by sodium chloride in the Saudi Arabian Desert”, American Journal of Science, Vol. 280, pp. 116-129.
Goudie, A.S., 1999, “Experimental salt weathering of limestones in relaton to rock properties”, Earth Surface Processes and Landforms, Vol. 24, pp. 715-724.
Goudie, A.S., Cooke, R.U. and Evans, I.S., 1970, “Experimental investigation of rock weathering by salts”, Area , Vol. 4, pp. 42-48.
Hale, P.A. and Shakoor, Al, 1998, “A laboratory investigation of the effects of climatic on unconfined compressive strength of selected sandstones”, Proceedings of the 8th International IAEG Congress, pp. 2859-2867.
La-Iglesia, A., Gonzalez, V., Lopez-Acevedo, V. and Viedma, C., 1997, “Salt crystallization in porous construction materialsⅠ: Estimation of crystallization pressure”, Journal of Crystal Growth, Vol. 177, pp. 111-118.
McGreevy, J.P., 1982, “Frost and salt weathering: further experimental results”, Earth Surface Processes and Landforms, Vol. 7, pp. 475-488.
Robinson, D.A. and Williams R.B.G., 1982, “Salt weathering of rock specimens of varying shape”, Area, Vol. 14, pp. 293-299.
Schwartz, S.E., 1989, “Acid deposition unraveling a regional phenomenon”, Science, Vol. 243, pp. 753-763.
Sperling, C.H.B. and Cooke, R.U., 1985, “Laboratory simulation of rock weathering by salt crystallization and hydration processes in hot, arid environments”, Earth Surface Processes and Landforms, Vol. 10, pp. 542-555.
Winkler, E.M., 1994, Stone in Architecture: Properties, Durability (3rd ed.), Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg, 313p.
Winkler, E.M., and Wilhelm, E.J., 1970, “Salt burst by hydration pressures in architectural stone in urban atmosphere”, Geological Society of America Bulletin, Vol. 81, pp. 567-572.

Information

Publisher :The Korean Society of Mineral and Energy Resources Engineers
Publisher(Ko) :한국자원공학회
Journal Title :Journal of the Korean Society for Geosystem Engineering
Journal Title(Ko) :한국지구시스템공학회지
Volume : 42
No :6
Pages :634-642

[1] 김성수, 박형동, 1999, “인공풍화 실험을 이용한 석재 물성의 변화 연구”, 한국자원공학회지, 제36권 2호, pp. 141-149.

[2] American Society for Testing and Materials(ASTM), 1997, “Standard test method for resistance of concrete to rapid freezing and thawing”, ASTM C666-97.

[3] Aref, M.A.M., El-Khoriby, E. and Hamdan, M.A., 2002, “The role of salt weathering in the origin of the Qattara Depression, Western Desert, Egypt”, Geomorphology, Vol. 45, pp. 181-195.

[4] Benavente, D., Garcia-del-Cura, M.A. and Ordonez, S., 2003, “Salt influence on evaporation from porous building rocks”, Construction and Building Materials, Vol. 17, pp. 113-122.

[5] Bortz, S.A. and Wonneberger, B., 1995, “Durability testing of thin stone”, Rock Mechanics, Proc. 35th U.S. Symposium, 373-378.

[6] Carlos, R.N., Lucia, L.F., Eric, D. and Eduardo, S., 2002, “Effects of ferrocyanide ions on NaCl crystallization in porous stone”, Journal of Crystal Growth, Vol. 243, pp.503-516.

[7] Chapman, R.W., 1980, “Salt weathering by sodium chloride in the Saudi Arabian Desert”, American Journal of Science, Vol. 280, pp. 116-129.

[8] Goudie, A.S., 1999, “Experimental salt weathering of limestones in relaton to rock properties”, Earth Surface Processes and Landforms, Vol. 24, pp. 715-724.

[9] Goudie, A.S., Cooke, R.U. and Evans, I.S., 1970, “Experimental investigation of rock weathering by salts”, Area , Vol. 4, pp. 42-48.

[10] Hale, P.A. and Shakoor, Al, 1998, “A laboratory investigation of the effects of climatic on unconfined compressive strength of selected sandstones”, Proceedings of the 8th International IAEG Congress, pp. 2859-2867.

[11] La-Iglesia, A., Gonzalez, V., Lopez-Acevedo, V. and Viedma, C., 1997, “Salt crystallization in porous construction materialsⅠ: Estimation of crystallization pressure”, Journal of Crystal Growth, Vol. 177, pp. 111-118.

[12] McGreevy, J.P., 1982, “Frost and salt weathering: further experimental results”, Earth Surface Processes and Landforms, Vol. 7, pp. 475-488.

[13] Robinson, D.A. and Williams R.B.G., 1982, “Salt weathering of rock specimens of varying shape”, Area, Vol. 14, pp. 293-299.

[14] Schwartz, S.E., 1989, “Acid deposition unraveling a regional phenomenon”, Science, Vol. 243, pp. 753-763.

[15] Sperling, C.H.B. and Cooke, R.U., 1985, “Laboratory simulation of rock weathering by salt crystallization and hydration processes in hot, arid environments”, Earth Surface Processes and Landforms, Vol. 10, pp. 542-555.

[16] Winkler, E.M., 1994, Stone in Architecture: Properties, Durability (3rd ed.), Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg, 313p.

[17] Winkler, E.M., and Wilhelm, E.J., 1970, “Salt burst by hydration pressures in architectural stone in urban atmosphere”, Geological Society of America Bulletin, Vol. 81, pp. 567-572.

Journal of the Korean Society of Mineral and Energy Resources Engineers ISSN:2288-0291(Print) 2288-2790(Online) 한국자원공학회지

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