Evaluation of Polymer Flood Processes for a Five Spot Pattern of Heterogeneous Layered Reservoirs with Multiple Well Constraints

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2009 Vol.46, Issue 4 Preview Page Next Page

Evaluation of Polymer Flood Processes for a Five Spot Pattern of Heterogeneous Layered Reservoirs with Multiple Well Constraints 복수 제한 조건 하의 층상 불균질 저류층에 대한 5점 패턴 폴리머 공법의 평가: 이근상
Kun Sang Lee

31 August 2009. pp. 474-481

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Abstract

o compare the influence of water-soluble polymer solution on the oil recovery, extensive simulations were performed on layered reservoirs under various constraints on the injection and production wells. For different parameters of the system, the performances of polymer flooding were compared in terms of cumulative recovery and water-oil ratio (WOR) at the production well, bottomhole pressure at the injection well, and sweep efficiency characterized by location and shape of water front in the reservoir. Horizontal and vertical permeabilities of each layer are shown to impact the predicted performance substantially. In reservoirs with a severe permeability contrast between horizontal layers, decrease in oil recovery and sudden increase in WOR are obtained by the low sweep efficiency and early water breakthrough through highly permeable layer. An increase in the degree of crossflow resulting from sufficient vertical permeability is responsible for the enhanced sweep of the low permeability layers, which results in increased oil recovery and decreased WOR. In considering the application of polymer floods, a thorough understanding of permeability heterogeneity of a layered system and accompanying changes in reservoir properties is crucial.

Keywords

Polymer flood

Layered reservoir

Permeability heterogeneity

Well constraint

Numerical model

불균질 층상 저류층 내에서 다양한 제한 조건이 설정된 주입, 생산정을 통한 폴리머 공법의 적용이 유동 거동과 오일 회수에 미치는 영향을 비교하기 위하여 수치 시뮬레이션을 수행하였다. 저류층 투과도의 불균질도와 교차유동을 야기하는 수직-수평 투과도 비를 변경하면서 생산정에서의 누적 오일 회수량과 물-오일 비, 주입정에서의 공저 압력, 저류층 내 각 층에서 물 유동전단면의 위치와 형상에 의해 결정되는 접촉 효율 등을 비교하였다. 수치 계산의 결과에 따르면 각 층의 수평 및 수직 투과도는 예측 결과에 큰 영향을 미쳤다. 수평층 간 투과도 대비가 큰 불균질 저류층에 폴리머 공법을 적용하면 체적 접촉 효율의 저하로 인하여 오일 회수량이 감소하고 고투과성 지층 내 조기 물 돌파로 인하여 물-오일비의 급격한 증가 시점이 빨라진다. 수평-수직 투과도 비의 증가에 따라 교차유동량이 증가하면 저투과성 지층에서의 접촉 증대로 인하여 오일 회수가 증가하고 물-오일 비가 감소하였다. 폴리머 공법 적용을 고려할 때 층상 저류층의 투과도 불균질성과 이에 따른 저류층 물성의 변화를 철저히 반영해야 한다.

키워드

폴리머 공법

층상 저류층

불균질도

유정 제한조건

수치 모델

References

이근상, 2008, “폴리머 공법에 의한 유동도 제어 프로세스의 수치 시뮬레이션,” 한국지구시스템공학회지, Vol. 45, No. 5, pp. 433-440.
Chang, H. L., 1978, “Polymer Flooding Technology-Yesterday, Today, and Tomorrow,” J. of Petrol. Tech., pp. 1113-1128.
Clifford, P. J., 1988, “Simulation of Small Chemical Slug Behavior in Heterogeneous Reservoirs,” SPE/DOE 17399 paper presented at the SPE/DOE Enhance Oil Recovery Symposium, Tulsa, OK, April 17-20.
Computer Modelling Group, 2008, User’s Guide IMEX Advanced Oil/Gas Reservoir Simulator, Computer Modelling Group Ltd., Calgary, AB, Canada.
Emmai Meybodi, H., Kharrat, R., and Ghazanfari, M. H., 2008, “Effects of Heterogeneity of Layered Reservoirs on Polymer Flooding: An Experimental Approach Using Five-Spot Glass Micromodel,” SPE 113820 paper presented at the Europec/EAGE Annual Conference and Exhibition, Rome, Italy, June 9-12.
Gao, H. W., Chang, M.-M., Burchfield, T. E., and Tham, M. K., 1993, “Permeability Modification Simulator Studies of Polymer-Gel-Treatment Initiation Time and Crossflow Effects on Waterflood Oil Recovery,” SPE Reser. Eng., pp. 221-227.
Gao, H. W. and Burchfield, T. E., 1995, “Effects of Crossflow and Layer Permeability Contrast on the Effectiveness of Gel Treatments in Polymer Floods and Waterfloods,” SPE Reser. Eng., pp. 129-135.
Giavedoni, M. D. and Deiber, J. A., 1986, “Two Directional Modelling of Oil Recovery through Polymer Flooding,” SPE 16324, unsolicited paper.
Gupta, A. D., Pope, G. A., Sepehrnoori, K., and Shook, M., 1988, “Effects of Reservoir Heterogeneity on Chemically Enhanced Oil Recovery,” SPE Reser. Eng., pp. 479-488.
Kaminsky, R. D., Wattenbarger, R. C., Szafranski, R. C., and Coutee, A. S., 2007, “Guidelines for Polymer Flooding Evaluation and Development,” IPTC 11200 paper presented at the International Petroleum Technology Conference, Dubai, U.A.E., December 4-6.
Kossack, C. A. and Bilhartz, H. L., 1976, “The Sensitivity of Micellar Flooding to Reservoir Heterogeneities,” SPE 5808 paper presented at the SPE Improved Oil Recovery Symposium, Tulsa, OK, March 22-24.
Needham, R. B. and Doe, P. H., 1987, “Polymer Flooding Review,” J. of Petrol. Tech., pp. 1503-1507.
Taylor K. C. and Nasr-El-Din, H. A., 1998, “Water-Soluble Hydrophobically Associating Polymers for Improved Oil Recovery: A Literature Review,” J. of Petrol. Sci. and Eng., Vol. 19, pp. 265-280.
Sorbie, K. S. and Walker, D. J., 1988, “A Study of the Mechanism of Oil Displacement Using Water and Polymer in Stratified Laboratory Core Systems,” SPE/DOE 17397 paper presented at the SPE/DOE Enhance Oil Recovery Symposium, Tulsa, OK, April 17-20.
Vela, S., Peaceman, D. W., and Sandvik, E. I., 1974, “Evaluation of Polymer Flooding in a Layered Reservoir with Crossflow, Retention, and Degradation,” Soc. Pet. Eng. J., pp. 82-93.
Wouterlood, C. J., Falcigno, E. D., Gazzera, C. E., and Norman, C. A., 2002, “Conformance Improvement with Low Concentration Polymer Gels in a Heterogeneous, Multilayer Reservoir,” SPE 75161 paper presented at the SPE/DOE Improved Oil Recovery Symposium, Tulsa, OK, April 13-17.
Wright, R. J., Wheat, M. R., and Dawe, R. A., 1987, “Slug Size and Mobility Requirements for Chemically Enhanced Oil Recovery within Heterogeneous Reservoirs,” SPE Reser. Eng., pp. 92-102.
Zeito, G. A., 1968, “Three Dimensional Numerical Simulation of Polymer Flooding in Homogeneous and Heterogeneous Systems,” SPE 2168 paper presented at the SPE Annual Fall Meeting, Houston, TX, Sept. 29-Oct. 2.

Information

Publisher :The Korean Society of Mineral and Energy Resources Engineers
Publisher(Ko) :한국자원공학회
Journal Title :Journal of the Korean Society for Geosystem Engineering
Journal Title(Ko) :한국지구시스템공학회지
Volume : 46
No :4
Pages :474-481

[1] 이근상, 2008, “폴리머 공법에 의한 유동도 제어 프로세스의 수치 시뮬레이션,” 한국지구시스템공학회지, Vol. 45, No. 5, pp. 433-440.

[2] Chang, H. L., 1978, “Polymer Flooding Technology-Yesterday, Today, and Tomorrow,” J. of Petrol. Tech., pp. 1113-1128.

[3] Clifford, P. J., 1988, “Simulation of Small Chemical Slug Behavior in Heterogeneous Reservoirs,” SPE/DOE 17399 paper presented at the SPE/DOE Enhance Oil Recovery Symposium, Tulsa, OK, April 17-20.

[4] Computer Modelling Group, 2008, User’s Guide IMEX Advanced Oil/Gas Reservoir Simulator, Computer Modelling Group Ltd., Calgary, AB, Canada.

[5] Emmai Meybodi, H., Kharrat, R., and Ghazanfari, M. H., 2008, “Effects of Heterogeneity of Layered Reservoirs on Polymer Flooding: An Experimental Approach Using Five-Spot Glass Micromodel,” SPE 113820 paper presented at the Europec/EAGE Annual Conference and Exhibition, Rome, Italy, June 9-12.

[6] Gao, H. W., Chang, M.-M., Burchfield, T. E., and Tham, M. K., 1993, “Permeability Modification Simulator Studies of Polymer-Gel-Treatment Initiation Time and Crossflow Effects on Waterflood Oil Recovery,” SPE Reser. Eng., pp. 221-227.

[7] Gao, H. W. and Burchfield, T. E., 1995, “Effects of Crossflow and Layer Permeability Contrast on the Effectiveness of Gel Treatments in Polymer Floods and Waterfloods,” SPE Reser. Eng., pp. 129-135.

[8] Giavedoni, M. D. and Deiber, J. A., 1986, “Two Directional Modelling of Oil Recovery through Polymer Flooding,” SPE 16324, unsolicited paper.

[9] Gupta, A. D., Pope, G. A., Sepehrnoori, K., and Shook, M., 1988, “Effects of Reservoir Heterogeneity on Chemically Enhanced Oil Recovery,” SPE Reser. Eng., pp. 479-488.

[10] Kaminsky, R. D., Wattenbarger, R. C., Szafranski, R. C., and Coutee, A. S., 2007, “Guidelines for Polymer Flooding Evaluation and Development,” IPTC 11200 paper presented at the International Petroleum Technology Conference, Dubai, U.A.E., December 4-6.

[11] Kossack, C. A. and Bilhartz, H. L., 1976, “The Sensitivity of Micellar Flooding to Reservoir Heterogeneities,” SPE 5808 paper presented at the SPE Improved Oil Recovery Symposium, Tulsa, OK, March 22-24.

[12] Needham, R. B. and Doe, P. H., 1987, “Polymer Flooding Review,” J. of Petrol. Tech., pp. 1503-1507.

[13] Taylor K. C. and Nasr-El-Din, H. A., 1998, “Water-Soluble Hydrophobically Associating Polymers for Improved Oil Recovery: A Literature Review,” J. of Petrol. Sci. and Eng., Vol. 19, pp. 265-280.

[14] Sorbie, K. S. and Walker, D. J., 1988, “A Study of the Mechanism of Oil Displacement Using Water and Polymer in Stratified Laboratory Core Systems,” SPE/DOE 17397 paper presented at the SPE/DOE Enhance Oil Recovery Symposium, Tulsa, OK, April 17-20.

[15] Vela, S., Peaceman, D. W., and Sandvik, E. I., 1974, “Evaluation of Polymer Flooding in a Layered Reservoir with Crossflow, Retention, and Degradation,” Soc. Pet. Eng. J., pp. 82-93.

[16] Wouterlood, C. J., Falcigno, E. D., Gazzera, C. E., and Norman, C. A., 2002, “Conformance Improvement with Low Concentration Polymer Gels in a Heterogeneous, Multilayer Reservoir,” SPE 75161 paper presented at the SPE/DOE Improved Oil Recovery Symposium, Tulsa, OK, April 13-17.

[17] Wright, R. J., Wheat, M. R., and Dawe, R. A., 1987, “Slug Size and Mobility Requirements for Chemically Enhanced Oil Recovery within Heterogeneous Reservoirs,” SPE Reser. Eng., pp. 92-102.

[18] Zeito, G. A., 1968, “Three Dimensional Numerical Simulation of Polymer Flooding in Homogeneous and Heterogeneous Systems,” SPE 2168 paper presented at the SPE Annual Fall Meeting, Houston, TX, Sept. 29-Oct. 2.

Journal of the Korean Society of Mineral and Energy Resources Engineers ISSN:2288-0291(Print) 2288-2790(Online) 한국자원공학회지

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