Hydrate Deposit Classification Based on Bottom Simulating Reflector

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2009 Vol.46, Issue 3 Preview Page Next Page

Hydrate Deposit Classification Based on Bottom Simulating Reflector 해저모방반사면(BSR)을 이용한 하이드레이트 퇴적층 분류체계 분석 연구: 성원모, 왕지훈, 박정균, 이정환, 임종세
Wonmo Sung, Ji-Hoon Wang, Jungkyun Park, Jeonghwan Lee and Jong-Se Lim

30 June 2009. pp. 300-309

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Abstract

In this study, the complemented classification criterion of the hydrate sedimentary configuration is presented in order to systematize and classify each sedimentary structure and feature of regions in which hydrate reserves verified, based on the form of bottom simulating reflector (BSR). Gas chimney which indicates fine permeability and high saturation of both hydrate and free gas exist in deposit type A, while type B is the hydrate sedimentary layer which contains anticline or syncline structures, folds, and faults. The hydrate layers classified into deposit type C lay horizontally. In the case of the type of deposit D, BSR is indistinct and discontinuous due to nonexistence of free gas underneath the hydrate layer, and the productivity of the type D structure is less favorable. Through the new classification criterion of hydrate sedimentary layer this study presents, we intend to put it into practical application for exploration and development of the hydrate layer in the Ulleung basin, East sea.

Keywords

Bottom simulating reflector

Hydrate

deposits

Classification standard

Ulleung Basin

이 연구에서는 하이드레이트층 하부에서 관측되는 해저모방반사면(BSR)의 형태와 하이드레이트의 생산성에 영향을 미칠 수 있다고 판단된 여러 지질학적 특징들에 기초하여 보완된 하이드레이트의 퇴적형태 분류기준을 제시하였다. 또한, 국내의 하이드레이트 퇴적층을 포함, 전 세계의 하이드레이트 부존 확인지역의 자료들을 조사하여 각 퇴적층 구조 및 특징들을 분석하고 이들을 체계화하여 분류하는데 중점을 두었다. 이 연구에서는 분류 기준을 세분화하여 하이드레이트의 부존형태를 총 4가지로 분류하였다. 부존타입 A, B, C는 하이드레이트층 하부에 자유가스가 존재하는 구조로서 생산성이 양호한 형태이며, 부존타입 A는 양호한 투과도와 하이드레이트 및 자유가스의 높은 포화율을 지시하는 가스침니가 존재하는 형태, B는 배사․향사구조, 습곡 및 단층이 나타나는 형태의 하이드레이트 퇴적층, 부존타입 C는 하이드레이트층이 수평한 형태이다. 부존타입 D는 하이드레이트층 하부에 자유가스가 존재하지 않아 BSR이 희미하고 불연속적으로 나타나는 것이 특징이며, 생산성이 비교적 양호하지 않은 구조이다. 이 연구에서 제시된 새로운 하이드레이트 퇴적층 분류기준은 향후 동해의 울릉분지에 부존하는 것으로 확인된 하이드레이트층을 대상으로 한 탐사 및 개발에 기초자료로 활용할 수 있을 것이다.

키워드

해저모방반사면(BSR)

하이드레이트

퇴적구조

분류기준

울릉분지

References

Ashi, J., Tokuyama, H., and Taira, A., 2002, “Distribution of Methane Hydrate BSRs and Its Implication for the Prism Growth in the Nankai Trough,” Marine Geology, Vol. 187, No. 1-2, pp. 177-191.
Berndt, C., Bünz, S., Clayton, T., Mienert, J., and Saundersa, M., 2004, “Seismic Character of Bottom Simulating Reflectors: Examples from the mid-Norwegian Margin,” Marine and Petroleum Geology, Vol. 21, No. 6, pp. 723-733.
Coren, F., Volpi, V., and Tinivella, U., 2001, “Gas Hydrate Physical Properties Imagine by Multi-Attribute Analysis - Blake Ridge BSR Case History,” Marine Geology, Vol. 178, No. 1, pp. 197-210.
Hovland, M., Gallagher, J. W., Clennell, M. B., and Lekvam, K., 1997, “Gas Hydrate and Free Gas Volumes in Marine Sediments: Example from the Niger Delta Front,” Marine and Petroleum Geology, Vol. 14, No. 3, pp. 245-255.
Iulia, S., Park, K., Yoo, D., Haacke, R. R., Hyndman, R. D., Riedel, M., and Spence, G. D., 2008, “Seismic Reflection Blank Zones in the Ulleung Basin, Offshore Korea, Associated with High Concentrations of Gas Hydrate,” Proc. of the 6th International Conference on Gas Hydrates, Vancouver, Britich Columbia, Canada, July 6-10.
Kopp, H., 2002, ”BSR Occurrence along the Sunda Margin: Evidence from Seismic Data,” Earth and Planetary Science Letters, Vol. 197, No. 3-4, pp. 225-235.
Kou, W. W., Smith, M. A., Ahmed, A., and Kuzela, R., 2007, “Direct Seismic Indicators of Gas Hydrates in the Walker Ridge and Green Canyon Areas, Deepwater Gulf of Mexico,” Society of Exploration Geophysicists, Vol. 26, No. 2, pp. 152-155.
Kvenvolden, K. A., and Lorenson, T. D., 2001, “Global Occurrences of Natural Gas Hydrate,” Geophysical Monograph, Vol. 124, No. 5, pp. 3-18.
LeBlanc, C., Loudena, K., and Mosher, D., 2007, “Gas Hydrates of Eastern Canada: Velocity Models from Wide-Angle Seismic Profiles on the Scotian Slope,” Marine and Petroleum Geology, Vol. 24, No. 5, pp. 321-335.
Lee, J. H., Baek, Y. S. Ryu, B. J., Riedel, M., and Hyndman, R. D., 2005, “A Seismic Survey to Detect Natural Gas Hydrate in the East Sea of Korea,” Marine Geophysical Researches, Vol. 26, No. 1, pp. 51-59.
Lüdmann, T. and Wong, H. K., 2003, “Characteristics of Gas Hydrate Occurrences Associated with Mud Diapirism and Gas Escape Structures in the Northwestern Sea of Okhotsk,” Marine Geology, Vol. 201, No. 4, pp. 269-286.
Moridis, G. J. and Collett, T. S., 2003, “Strategies for Gas Production from Hydrate Accumulations under Various Geological and Reservoir Conditions,” Proc. of the TOUGH Symposium, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California, May 12-14, pp. 1-8.
Moridis, G. J., Reagan, M. T., Kim, S., Seol, Y., and Zhang, K., 2007, “Evaluation of the Gas Production Potential of Marine Hydrate Deposits in the Ulleung Basin of the Korean East Sea,” SPE Asia Pacific Oil&Gas Conference and Exhibition, Jakarta, Indonesia, Oct. 30-Nov. 1, SPE 110859.
Moridis, G. J., Collett, T. S., Boswell, R., Kurihara, M., Reagan, M. T., Koh, C., and Sloan, E. D., 2008, “Toward Production from Gas Hydrate : Current Status, Assessment of Resources, and Simulation-Based Evaluation of Technology and Potential,” SPE Unconventional Reservoirs Conference, Keystone, Colorado, USA, Feb. 10-12, SPE 114163.
Tréhu, A. M., Long, P. E., Torres, M. E., Bohrmann, G., Rack, F. R., Collett, T. S., D. S. Goldberg, A.V. Milkov, M. Riedel, P. Schultheiss, N. L. Bangs, S. R. Barr, W. S. Borowski, G. E. Claypool, M. E. Delwiche, G. R. Dickens, E. Gracia, G. Guerin, M. Holland, J. E. Johnson, Y. J. Lee, C. S. Liu, X. Su, B. Teichert, H. Tomaru, M. Vanneste, M. Watanabe and J. L. Weinberger, 2004, “Three-Dimensional Distribution of Gas Hydrate Beneath Southern Hydrate Ridge: constraints from ODP Leg 204,” Earth and Planetary Science Letters, Vol. 222, No. 34, pp. 845-862.
Vanneste, M., Batist, M., Golmshtok, A., Kremlev, A., Versteeg, W., 2001, “Multi-Frequency Seismic Study of Gas Hydrate-Bearing Sediments in Lake Baikal, Siberia,” Marine Geology, Vol. 172, No. 1-2, pp. 1-21.
Xiwu, L., Wang, K., Hyndman, R., and Willoughby, E., 2008, “Bottom Simulating Reflector and Gas Seepage in Okinawa Trough: Evidence of Gas Hydrate in an Active Back-Arc Basin,” Journal of China University of Geosciences, Vol. 19, No. 2, pp. 152-161.

Information

Publisher :The Korean Society of Mineral and Energy Resources Engineers
Publisher(Ko) :한국자원공학회
Journal Title :Journal of the Korean Society for Geosystem Engineering
Journal Title(Ko) :한국지구시스템공학회지
Volume : 46
No :3
Pages :300-309

[1] Ashi, J., Tokuyama, H., and Taira, A., 2002, “Distribution of Methane Hydrate BSRs and Its Implication for the Prism Growth in the Nankai Trough,” Marine Geology, Vol. 187, No. 1-2, pp. 177-191.

[2] Berndt, C., Bünz, S., Clayton, T., Mienert, J., and Saundersa, M., 2004, “Seismic Character of Bottom Simulating Reflectors: Examples from the mid-Norwegian Margin,” Marine and Petroleum Geology, Vol. 21, No. 6, pp. 723-733.

[3] Coren, F., Volpi, V., and Tinivella, U., 2001, “Gas Hydrate Physical Properties Imagine by Multi-Attribute Analysis - Blake Ridge BSR Case History,” Marine Geology, Vol. 178, No. 1, pp. 197-210.

[4] Hovland, M., Gallagher, J. W., Clennell, M. B., and Lekvam, K., 1997, “Gas Hydrate and Free Gas Volumes in Marine Sediments: Example from the Niger Delta Front,” Marine and Petroleum Geology, Vol. 14, No. 3, pp. 245-255.

[5] Iulia, S., Park, K., Yoo, D., Haacke, R. R., Hyndman, R. D., Riedel, M., and Spence, G. D., 2008, “Seismic Reflection Blank Zones in the Ulleung Basin, Offshore Korea, Associated with High Concentrations of Gas Hydrate,” Proc. of the 6th International Conference on Gas Hydrates, Vancouver, Britich Columbia, Canada, July 6-10.

[6] Kopp, H., 2002, ”BSR Occurrence along the Sunda Margin: Evidence from Seismic Data,” Earth and Planetary Science Letters, Vol. 197, No. 3-4, pp. 225-235.

[7] Kou, W. W., Smith, M. A., Ahmed, A., and Kuzela, R., 2007, “Direct Seismic Indicators of Gas Hydrates in the Walker Ridge and Green Canyon Areas, Deepwater Gulf of Mexico,” Society of Exploration Geophysicists, Vol. 26, No. 2, pp. 152-155.

[8] Kvenvolden, K. A., and Lorenson, T. D., 2001, “Global Occurrences of Natural Gas Hydrate,” Geophysical Monograph, Vol. 124, No. 5, pp. 3-18.

[9] LeBlanc, C., Loudena, K., and Mosher, D., 2007, “Gas Hydrates of Eastern Canada: Velocity Models from Wide-Angle Seismic Profiles on the Scotian Slope,” Marine and Petroleum Geology, Vol. 24, No. 5, pp. 321-335.

[10] Lee, J. H., Baek, Y. S. Ryu, B. J., Riedel, M., and Hyndman, R. D., 2005, “A Seismic Survey to Detect Natural Gas Hydrate in the East Sea of Korea,” Marine Geophysical Researches, Vol. 26, No. 1, pp. 51-59.

[11] Lüdmann, T. and Wong, H. K., 2003, “Characteristics of Gas Hydrate Occurrences Associated with Mud Diapirism and Gas Escape Structures in the Northwestern Sea of Okhotsk,” Marine Geology, Vol. 201, No. 4, pp. 269-286.

[12] Moridis, G. J. and Collett, T. S., 2003, “Strategies for Gas Production from Hydrate Accumulations under Various Geological and Reservoir Conditions,” Proc. of the TOUGH Symposium, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California, May 12-14, pp. 1-8.

[13] Moridis, G. J., Reagan, M. T., Kim, S., Seol, Y., and Zhang, K., 2007, “Evaluation of the Gas Production Potential of Marine Hydrate Deposits in the Ulleung Basin of the Korean East Sea,” SPE Asia Pacific Oil&Gas Conference and Exhibition, Jakarta, Indonesia, Oct. 30-Nov. 1, SPE 110859.

[14] Moridis, G. J., Collett, T. S., Boswell, R., Kurihara, M., Reagan, M. T., Koh, C., and Sloan, E. D., 2008, “Toward Production from Gas Hydrate : Current Status, Assessment of Resources, and Simulation-Based Evaluation of Technology and Potential,” SPE Unconventional Reservoirs Conference, Keystone, Colorado, USA, Feb. 10-12, SPE 114163.

[15] Tréhu, A. M., Long, P. E., Torres, M. E., Bohrmann, G., Rack, F. R., Collett, T. S., D. S. Goldberg, A.V. Milkov, M. Riedel, P. Schultheiss, N. L. Bangs, S. R. Barr, W. S. Borowski, G. E. Claypool, M. E. Delwiche, G. R. Dickens, E. Gracia, G. Guerin, M. Holland, J. E. Johnson, Y. J. Lee, C. S. Liu, X. Su, B. Teichert, H. Tomaru, M. Vanneste, M. Watanabe and J. L. Weinberger, 2004, “Three-Dimensional Distribution of Gas Hydrate Beneath Southern Hydrate Ridge: constraints from ODP Leg 204,” Earth and Planetary Science Letters, Vol. 222, No. 34, pp. 845-862.

[16] Vanneste, M., Batist, M., Golmshtok, A., Kremlev, A., Versteeg, W., 2001, “Multi-Frequency Seismic Study of Gas Hydrate-Bearing Sediments in Lake Baikal, Siberia,” Marine Geology, Vol. 172, No. 1-2, pp. 1-21.

[17] Xiwu, L., Wang, K., Hyndman, R., and Willoughby, E., 2008, “Bottom Simulating Reflector and Gas Seepage in Okinawa Trough: Evidence of Gas Hydrate in an Active Back-Arc Basin,” Journal of China University of Geosciences, Vol. 19, No. 2, pp. 152-161.

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