Flame Synthesis of Titanium Dioxide Nanoparticles and Their Photocatalytic Degradation of Methylene Blue

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2007 Vol.44, Issue 6 Preview Page Next Page

Flame Synthesis of Titanium Dioxide Nanoparticles and Their Photocatalytic Degradation of Methylene Blue 이산화티타늄 나노분말의 화염합성 및 메틸렌블루 분해 특성: 장한권, 장희동, 길대섭, 조국, 박진호
Han Kwon Chang, Hee Dong Jang, Dae Sup Kil, Kuk Cho and Jin Ho Park

31 December 2007. pp. 541-547

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Abstract

Titanium dioxide (TiO2) nanoparticles consisted of spherical primary nanoparticles were synthesized from titanium tetraisopropoxide (TTIP) by flame spray pyrolysis. The effect of precursor molar concentration on the powder properties such as morphology, specific surface area, crystal structure, and absorption of ultraviolet-visible rays was investigated. As the precursor concentration increased from 0.1 M to 1.0 M, the specific surface area decreased from 126 m2/g to 25 m2/g, corresponding average particle diameter increased 12 nm to 60 nm, and the mass fraction of rutile in the TiO2 particles increased from 0% to 33%. Photocatalytic property of as-prepared TiO2 nanoparticles was also investigated by measuring the degree of color-removal of methylene blue under the irradiation of ultraviolet ray. By the photocatalysis of TiO2 nanoparticles prepared at 1.0 M of TTIP concentration, 96% of the methylene blue was degraded during 1 hr.

Keywords

Titanium dioxide

Flame spray pyrolysis

TTIP

Methylene blue

화염분무열분해법을 이용하여 titanium tetraisopropoxide(TTIP) 용액으로부터 구형의 기본입자로 구성된 이산화티타늄 나노분말을 합성하였다. 전구체 몰농도가 분말의 형상, 비표면적, 결정구조 및 자외선 흡수와 같은 분말특성에 미치는 영향을 고찰하였다. 전구체 몰농도가 0.1 M에서 1.0 M로 증가함에 따라, 비표면적은 126 m2/g에서 25 m2/g으로 감소하였고 이에 해당하는 평균입경은 12 nm에서 60 nm로 증가하였다. 그리고 TiO2 분말 중 rutile 결정상의 함량은 0%에서 33%로 증가하였다. 자외선 조사 하에서 메틸렌 블루의 색 제거율을 측정함으로써 합성된 TiO2 나노분말의 광촉매 특성을 조사하였다. 1.0 M의 TTIP 농도에서 합성된 TiO2 나노분말의 경우 광촉매 반응을 통하여 1시간 동안에 96%의 메틸렌 블루를 분해하였다.

키워드

이산화티타늄

화염분무열분해법

TTIP

메틸렌블루

References

Arabi-Katbi, O. I., Wegner, K. and Pratsinis, S. E., 2002, “Aerosol synthesis of titania nanoparticles: effect of flame orientation and configuration,” Ann. Chim. Sci. Mat., Vol. 27, No. 6, pp. 37-46.
Fotou, G. P., Vemury, S. and Pratsinis, S. E., 1994, “Synthesis and evaluation of titania powders for photodestruction of phenol,” Chem. Eng. Sci., Vol. 49, No. 24B, pp. 4939-4948.
Fox, M. A. and Dulay, M. T., 1993, “Heterogeneous photocatalysis,” Chem. Rev., Vol. 93, No. 1, pp. 341-357.
Grätzel, M., 2001, “Sol-gel processed TiO2 films for photovoltaic applications,” J. Sol-Gel Sci. Technol., Vol. 22, No. 1-2, pp. 7-13.
Hadjiivanov, K. I. and Klissurski, D. G., 1996, “Surface chemistry of titania (anatase) and titania-supported catalysts,” Chem. Soc. Rev., Vol. 25, No. 1, pp. 61-69.
Jang, H. D. and Jeong, J., 1995, “The effects of temperature on particle size in gas-phase production of TiO2,” Aerosol Sci. Technol., Vol. 23, No. 4, pp. 553-560.
Jang, H. D. and Kim, S.-K., 2001, “Controlled synthesis of titanium dioxide nanoparticles in a modified diffusion flame reactor,” Mater. Res. Bull., Vol. 36, No. 3-4, pp. 627-637.
Jang, H. D., Seong, C. M., Suh, Y. J., Kim, H. C. and Lee, C. K., 2004, “Synthesis of lithim-cobalt oxide nanoparticles by flame spray pyrolysis,” Aerosol Sci. Technol., Vol. 38, No. 10, pp. 1027-1032.
Jung, K. Y., Park, S. B. and Jang, H. D., 2004, “Phase control and photocatalytic properties of nano-sized titania particles by gas-phase pyrolysis of TiCl4,” Catal. Commun., Vol. 5, No. 9, pp. 491-497.
Kammler, H. K., Mädler, L. and Pratsinis, S. E., 2001, “Flame synthesis of nanoparticles,” Chem. Eng. Technol., Vol. 24, No. 6, pp. 583-596.
Kavan, L., Fattakhova, D. and Krtil, P., 1999, “Lithium insertion into mesoscopic and single-crystal TiO2 (rutile) electrodes,” J. Electrochem. Soc., Vol. 146, No. 4, pp. 1375-1379.
Lee, W., Gao, Y.-M., Dwight, K. and Wold, A., 1992, “Preparation of photocatalytic activity of titanium (IV) oxide by dispersion of Au on TiO2,” Mater. Res. Bull., Vol. 27, No. 6, pp. 685-692.
Li, C., Zheng, Z., Zhang, F., Yang, S., Wang, H., Chen L., Zhang, F., Wang, X. and Liu, X., 2000, “TiO2-x films prepared by ion beam assisted deposition,” Nucl. Instrum. Methods. Phys. Res. B, Vol. 169, No. 1-4, pp. 21-25.
Matthews, R. W., 1992, “Photocatalytic oxidation of organic contaminants in water: an aid to environmental preservation,” Pure Appl. Chem., Vol. 64, No. 9, pp. 1285-1290.
Messing, G. L., Zhang. S.-C. and Jayanthi, G. V., 1993, “Ceramic powder synthesis by spray pyrolysis,” J. Am. Ceram. Soc., Vol. 76, No. 11, pp. 2707-2726.
Mills, A. and Le Hunte, S., 1997, “An overview of semiconductor photocatalysis,” J. Photochem. Photobiol. A, Vol. 108, No. 1, pp. 1-35.
Mueller, R., Mädler, L. and Pratsinis, S. E., 2003, “Nanoparticle synthesis at high production rates by flame spray pyrolysis,” Chem. Eng. Sci., Vol. 58, No. 10, 1969-1976.
Mueller, R., Jossen, R., Kammler, H. K., Pratsinis, S. E. and Akhtar, M. K., 2004, “Growth of zirconia particles made by flame spray pyrolysis,” AIChE J., Vol. 50, No. 12, pp. 3085-3094.
Nakaso, K., Okuyama, K., Shimada, M. and Pratsinis, S. E., 2003, “Effect of reaction temperature on CVD-made TiO2 primary particle diameter,” Chem. Eng. Sci., Vol. 58, No. 15, pp. 3327-3335.
Ollis, D. F., Pelizzetti, E. and Serpone, N., 1991, “Destruction of water contaminants,” Environ. Sci. Technol., Vol. 25, No. 9, pp. 1523-1529.
Savage, N. O. Akbar, S. A. and Dutta, P. K., 2001, “Titanium dioxides based high temperature carbon monoxide selective sensor,” Sens. Actuators B, Vol. 72, No. 3, pp. 239-248.
Spurr, R. A. and Myers, H., 1957, “Quantitative analysis of anatase-rutile mixture with an x-ray diffractometer,” Anal. Chem., Vol. 29, No. 5, pp. 760-762.

Information

Publisher :The Korean Society of Mineral and Energy Resources Engineers
Publisher(Ko) :한국자원공학회
Journal Title :Journal of the Korean Society for Geosystem Engineering
Journal Title(Ko) :한국지구시스템공학회지
Volume : 44
No :6
Pages :541-547

[1] Arabi-Katbi, O. I., Wegner, K. and Pratsinis, S. E., 2002, “Aerosol synthesis of titania nanoparticles: effect of flame orientation and configuration,” Ann. Chim. Sci. Mat., Vol. 27, No. 6, pp. 37-46.

[2] Fotou, G. P., Vemury, S. and Pratsinis, S. E., 1994, “Synthesis and evaluation of titania powders for photodestruction of phenol,” Chem. Eng. Sci., Vol. 49, No. 24B, pp. 4939-4948.

[3] Fox, M. A. and Dulay, M. T., 1993, “Heterogeneous photocatalysis,” Chem. Rev., Vol. 93, No. 1, pp. 341-357.

[4] Grätzel, M., 2001, “Sol-gel processed TiO2 films for photovoltaic applications,” J. Sol-Gel Sci. Technol., Vol. 22, No. 1-2, pp. 7-13.

[5] Hadjiivanov, K. I. and Klissurski, D. G., 1996, “Surface chemistry of titania (anatase) and titania-supported catalysts,” Chem. Soc. Rev., Vol. 25, No. 1, pp. 61-69.

[6] Jang, H. D. and Jeong, J., 1995, “The effects of temperature on particle size in gas-phase production of TiO2,” Aerosol Sci. Technol., Vol. 23, No. 4, pp. 553-560.

[7] Jang, H. D. and Kim, S.-K., 2001, “Controlled synthesis of titanium dioxide nanoparticles in a modified diffusion flame reactor,” Mater. Res. Bull., Vol. 36, No. 3-4, pp. 627-637.

[8] Jang, H. D., Seong, C. M., Suh, Y. J., Kim, H. C. and Lee, C. K., 2004, “Synthesis of lithim-cobalt oxide nanoparticles by flame spray pyrolysis,” Aerosol Sci. Technol., Vol. 38, No. 10, pp. 1027-1032.

[9] Jung, K. Y., Park, S. B. and Jang, H. D., 2004, “Phase control and photocatalytic properties of nano-sized titania particles by gas-phase pyrolysis of TiCl4,” Catal. Commun., Vol. 5, No. 9, pp. 491-497.

[10] Kammler, H. K., Mädler, L. and Pratsinis, S. E., 2001, “Flame synthesis of nanoparticles,” Chem. Eng. Technol., Vol. 24, No. 6, pp. 583-596.

[11] Kavan, L., Fattakhova, D. and Krtil, P., 1999, “Lithium insertion into mesoscopic and single-crystal TiO2 (rutile) electrodes,” J. Electrochem. Soc., Vol. 146, No. 4, pp. 1375-1379.

[12] Lee, W., Gao, Y.-M., Dwight, K. and Wold, A., 1992, “Preparation of photocatalytic activity of titanium (IV) oxide by dispersion of Au on TiO2,” Mater. Res. Bull., Vol. 27, No. 6, pp. 685-692.

[13] Li, C., Zheng, Z., Zhang, F., Yang, S., Wang, H., Chen L., Zhang, F., Wang, X. and Liu, X., 2000, “TiO2-x films prepared by ion beam assisted deposition,” Nucl. Instrum. Methods. Phys. Res. B, Vol. 169, No. 1-4, pp. 21-25.

[14] Matthews, R. W., 1992, “Photocatalytic oxidation of organic contaminants in water: an aid to environmental preservation,” Pure Appl. Chem., Vol. 64, No. 9, pp. 1285-1290.

[15] Messing, G. L., Zhang. S.-C. and Jayanthi, G. V., 1993, “Ceramic powder synthesis by spray pyrolysis,” J. Am. Ceram. Soc., Vol. 76, No. 11, pp. 2707-2726.

[16] Mills, A. and Le Hunte, S., 1997, “An overview of semiconductor photocatalysis,” J. Photochem. Photobiol. A, Vol. 108, No. 1, pp. 1-35.

[17] Mueller, R., Mädler, L. and Pratsinis, S. E., 2003, “Nanoparticle synthesis at high production rates by flame spray pyrolysis,” Chem. Eng. Sci., Vol. 58, No. 10, 1969-1976.

[18] Mueller, R., Jossen, R., Kammler, H. K., Pratsinis, S. E. and Akhtar, M. K., 2004, “Growth of zirconia particles made by flame spray pyrolysis,” AIChE J., Vol. 50, No. 12, pp. 3085-3094.

[19] Nakaso, K., Okuyama, K., Shimada, M. and Pratsinis, S. E., 2003, “Effect of reaction temperature on CVD-made TiO2 primary particle diameter,” Chem. Eng. Sci., Vol. 58, No. 15, pp. 3327-3335.

[20] Ollis, D. F., Pelizzetti, E. and Serpone, N., 1991, “Destruction of water contaminants,” Environ. Sci. Technol., Vol. 25, No. 9, pp. 1523-1529.

[21] Savage, N. O. Akbar, S. A. and Dutta, P. K., 2001, “Titanium dioxides based high temperature carbon monoxide selective sensor,” Sens. Actuators B, Vol. 72, No. 3, pp. 239-248.

[22] Spurr, R. A. and Myers, H., 1957, “Quantitative analysis of anatase-rutile mixture with an x-ray diffractometer,” Anal. Chem., Vol. 29, No. 5, pp. 760-762.

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