Seismic Source Signature Prediction Using Seismic Iinterferometry

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2009 Vol.46, Issue 1 Preview Page Next Page

Seismic Source Signature Prediction Using Seismic Iinterferometry 탄성파 간섭파를 이용한 음원파형 예측: 장성형, 김영완, 서상용, 고진석
Seonghyung Jang*, Youngwan Kim, Sang-yong Suh and JinSeok Ko

28 February 2009. pp. 36-44

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Abstract

The source signature of seismic reflection data is an important tool for correcting reflector position, amplitude estimation, deconvolution, multiple attenuation, comparing reflection data to well data, seismic modeling, and inversion. There are two methods to estimate the source signature. One is to measure the source signature directly in the field and the other is to estimate the source signature from reflection data. The conventional method for estimating the source signature from the reflection data, such as deconvolution, assumes the source signature to be minimum phase and the earth responses to be white noise and most of signals except for the primary reflection to be regarded as noise. In this study, we conducted the source signature estimation based on the seismic interferometry, which can use all recorded signals without any assumptions. Seismic interferometry is used to calculate Green’s function using the recorded signals at two receivers without geological parameters, such as velocity, reflectors, minimum phase assumption, etc. The noise recorded after the primary reflection can be used to get geological information. In this study, we conducted the source signature estimation using the virtual source gather and surface reflection data, which the virtual source gather is the result of summation after crosscorrelation of the records from the receiver corresponding to a virtual source and the records from the other receiver. The numerical model test shows that the wavefield which is calculated by the virtual source signature is the similar to that recorded at surface, and the source signature obtained with using the virtual source gather and the true reflection data is similar to the input source signature.

Keywords

Source signature

Seismic interferometry

Virtual source

Green’s function

Deconvolution

탄성파 반사자료의 음원파형은 반사경계면 또는 반사파 진폭을 예측하거나 곱풀기(deconvolution), 다중반사파 제거, 반사자료와 시추공 자료 비교, 모델링과 역산 등에 이용된다. 탄성파 음원파형을 구하는 방법으로는 현장에서 음원파형을 측정하여 직접 구하는 방법과 탄성파 반사파자료에서 간접적으로 구하는 방법이 있다. 반사자료에서 음원파형을 구하는 전통적인 곱풀기 방법은 최소위상, 백색잡음 등 가정이 필요하고 주 반사파를 제외한 탄성파 이벤트는 잡음으로 간주하여 실시된다. 본 연구에서는 위와 같은 전제조건과 무관하며 수진기에 기록된 모든 탄성파 이벤트를 이용할 수 있는 탄성파 간섭파이론을 이용하여 음원파형을 구하는 알고리즘을 개발하였다. 탄성파 간섭파이론은 두 수진기에 기록된 탄성파 이벤트로부터 속도, 밀도, 지층경계면 등 지층모델에 대한 매개변수 없이 그린함수를 구하는 것으로 잡음으로 여겨지는 주 반사파 이후 기록된 탄성파 이벤트까지 이용하여 지층정보를 알아내는데 활용된다. 여기에서 탄성파 간섭파를 이용하여 음원파형을 구하는 방법으로 가상음원과 수진기에 기록된 탄성파 이벤트의 상호상관과 중합으로 가상음원 모음도를 구하여 지표면 탄성파 반사자료와 관계로부터 음원파형을 구하고자 하였으며, 단순 수평 2층 구조에 대한 수치 모형실험 결과 가상음원으로부터 구한 파동장과 실제 지표면에서 기록된 파동장의 반사신호가 거의 일치함을 보여주었다. 또한 가상음원 모음도로부터 구한 음원파형은 실제 수치모델링시 적용한 음원파형과 유사하게 나타남을 알 수 있었다.

키워드

음원파형

탄성파 간섭파

가상음원

그린함수

곱풀기

References

김영완, 2008, 탄성파 가상음원 모음도를 이용한 중합전심도 구조보정, 박사학위논문, 전남대학교, 광주.
Bakulin, A. and Calvert, R., 2006, “The virtual source method: Theory and case study,” Geophysics, Vol. 71, pp. SI139-SI150.
Bleistein, N., 1984, Mathematical methods for wave phenomena, Academic press Inc.
Claerbout, J., 1968, “Synthesis of a layered medium from its acoustic transmission response,” Geophysics, Vol. 33, pp. 264-269.
Curtis, A., Gerstoft, P., Sato, H., Snieder, R., and Wapenaar, K., 2006, “Seismic interferometry-turning noise into signal,” The Leading Edge, Vol. 25, pp. 1082-1092.
de Hoop, A. T., 1988, “Time-domain reciprocity theorems for acoustic wave fields in fluids with relaxation,” Journal of the Acoustical Society of America, Vol. 84, pp. 1877-1882.
Dragoset, B., 2000, “Introduction to air guns and air-gun arrays,” The leading edge, Vol. 19, pp. 892-897.
Draganov, D., Wapenaar, K., and Thorbecke, J., 2003, “Synthesis of the reflection response from the transmission response in the presence of white nose sources”: 65th Annual Int. Conf. and Exhib., EAGE, Extended Abstracts, p. 218.
Fokkema, J. T. and van den Berg, P. M., 1993, Seismic applications of acoustic reciprocity, Elsevier. Hargreaves, N. D., 1992, “Air-gun signatures and the minimumphase assumption,” Geophysics, Vol. 57, pp. 263-271.
Lobkis, O. I. and Weaver, R. L., 2001, “On the emergence of the Green’s function in the correlations of a diffuse field,” J. Acoust. Soc. Am., Vol. 110, pp. 3011-3017.
Mehta, K., Snieder, R., Calvert, R., and Sheiman, J., 2006, “Virtual source gathers and attenuation of free-surface multiples using OBS data: implementation issues and a case study,” Soc. Explor. Geophys. Expand. Abs., pp. 2669-2673.
Oldenburg, D. W., Levy, S., and Whittall, K. P., 1981, “Wavelet estimation and deconvolution,” Geophysics,
Vol. 46, pp. 1528-1542.
Robinson, E. A., and Treitel, S., 1980, Geophysical signal analysis, Prentice-Hall Inc.
Schuster, G. T., 2001, “Theory of daylight/ineterferometric imaging: Tutorial”: 63rd Annual Int. Conf. and Exhib., EAEG, Extended Abstracts, A32.
Snieder, R., Wapenaar, K., and Larner, K., 2006, “Spurious multiple in seismic interferometry of primaries,” Geophysics, Vol. 71, pp. SI111-124.
Snieder, R. and Safak, E., 2006, “Extracting the building responses using seismic interferometry, theory and application to the Millikan library in Pasadena, California,” Bull. Seismol. Soc. Am., Vol. 96, pp. 586-598.
Trampert, J., Cara, M., and Frogneux, M., 1993, “SH propagator matrix and Qs estimates from borehole- and surface-recorded earthquake data,” Geophys. J. Intl., Vol. 112, pp. 290-299.
Wapenaar, K., Draganov, D., Thorbecke, J., and Fokkema, J., 2002, “Theory of acoustic daylight imaging revisited,” 72nd Annual Int. Meeting, SEG, Expanded Abstracts, pp. 1981-1984.
Wapennar, K., 2004, “Retrieving the elastodynamic Green’s function of an arbitrary inhomogeneous medium by cross correlation,” Physical Review Letters, Vol. 93, pp. 254-301.
Wapenaar, K., Thorbecke, J., and Draganov, D., 2004, “Relations between reflection and transmission responses of three-dimensional inhomogeneous media,” Geophysical Journal International, Vol. 156, pp. 179-194.
Wapenaar, K., Draganov, D., and Robertsson, J., 2006, “Introduction to the supplement on seismic interferometry,” Geophysics, Vol. 71, pp. SI1-SI14.
Ziolkowski, A., 1993, “Determination of the signature of a dynamite source using source scaling, Prat I: Theory,” Geophysics, Vol. 58, pp. 1174-1182.

Information

Publisher :The Korean Society of Mineral and Energy Resources Engineers
Publisher(Ko) :한국자원공학회
Journal Title :Journal of the Korean Society for Geosystem Engineering
Journal Title(Ko) :한국지구시스템공학회지
Volume : 46
No :1
Pages :36-44

[1] 김영완, 2008, 탄성파 가상음원 모음도를 이용한 중합전심도 구조보정, 박사학위논문, 전남대학교, 광주.

[2] Bakulin, A. and Calvert, R., 2006, “The virtual source method: Theory and case study,” Geophysics, Vol. 71, pp. SI139-SI150.

[3] Bleistein, N., 1984, Mathematical methods for wave phenomena, Academic press Inc.

[4] Claerbout, J., 1968, “Synthesis of a layered medium from its acoustic transmission response,” Geophysics, Vol. 33, pp. 264-269.

[5] Curtis, A., Gerstoft, P., Sato, H., Snieder, R., and Wapenaar, K., 2006, “Seismic interferometry-turning noise into signal,” The Leading Edge, Vol. 25, pp. 1082-1092.

[6] de Hoop, A. T., 1988, “Time-domain reciprocity theorems for acoustic wave fields in fluids with relaxation,” Journal of the Acoustical Society of America, Vol. 84, pp. 1877-1882.

[7] Dragoset, B., 2000, “Introduction to air guns and air-gun arrays,” The leading edge, Vol. 19, pp. 892-897.

[8] Draganov, D., Wapenaar, K., and Thorbecke, J., 2003, “Synthesis of the reflection response from the transmission response in the presence of white nose sources”: 65th Annual Int. Conf. and Exhib., EAGE, Extended Abstracts, p. 218.

[9] Fokkema, J. T. and van den Berg, P. M., 1993, Seismic applications of acoustic reciprocity, Elsevier. Hargreaves, N. D., 1992, “Air-gun signatures and the minimumphase assumption,” Geophysics, Vol. 57, pp. 263-271.

[10] Lobkis, O. I. and Weaver, R. L., 2001, “On the emergence of the Green’s function in the correlations of a diffuse field,” J. Acoust. Soc. Am., Vol. 110, pp. 3011-3017.

[11] Mehta, K., Snieder, R., Calvert, R., and Sheiman, J., 2006, “Virtual source gathers and attenuation of free-surface multiples using OBS data: implementation issues and a case study,” Soc. Explor. Geophys. Expand. Abs., pp. 2669-2673.

[12] Oldenburg, D. W., Levy, S., and Whittall, K. P., 1981, “Wavelet estimation and deconvolution,” Geophysics,

[13] Vol. 46, pp. 1528-1542.

[14] Robinson, E. A., and Treitel, S., 1980, Geophysical signal analysis, Prentice-Hall Inc.

[15] Schuster, G. T., 2001, “Theory of daylight/ineterferometric imaging: Tutorial”: 63rd Annual Int. Conf. and Exhib., EAEG, Extended Abstracts, A32.

[16] Snieder, R., Wapenaar, K., and Larner, K., 2006, “Spurious multiple in seismic interferometry of primaries,” Geophysics, Vol. 71, pp. SI111-124.

[17] Snieder, R. and Safak, E., 2006, “Extracting the building responses using seismic interferometry, theory and application to the Millikan library in Pasadena, California,” Bull. Seismol. Soc. Am., Vol. 96, pp. 586-598.

[18] Trampert, J., Cara, M., and Frogneux, M., 1993, “SH propagator matrix and Qs estimates from borehole- and surface-recorded earthquake data,” Geophys. J. Intl., Vol. 112, pp. 290-299.

[19] Wapenaar, K., Draganov, D., Thorbecke, J., and Fokkema, J., 2002, “Theory of acoustic daylight imaging revisited,” 72nd Annual Int. Meeting, SEG, Expanded Abstracts, pp. 1981-1984.

[20] Wapennar, K., 2004, “Retrieving the elastodynamic Green’s function of an arbitrary inhomogeneous medium by cross correlation,” Physical Review Letters, Vol. 93, pp. 254-301.

[21] Wapenaar, K., Thorbecke, J., and Draganov, D., 2004, “Relations between reflection and transmission responses of three-dimensional inhomogeneous media,” Geophysical Journal International, Vol. 156, pp. 179-194.

[22] Wapenaar, K., Draganov, D., and Robertsson, J., 2006, “Introduction to the supplement on seismic interferometry,” Geophysics, Vol. 71, pp. SI1-SI14.

[23] Ziolkowski, A., 1993, “Determination of the signature of a dynamite source using source scaling, Prat I: Theory,” Geophysics, Vol. 58, pp. 1174-1182.

Journal of the Korean Society of Mineral and Energy Resources Engineers ISSN:2288-0291(Print) 2288-2790(Online) 한국자원공학회지

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