Effects of Sample and Electrode Coupling on the Electrical Resistivity Measurements of Conductive Samples

doi:10.12972/ksmer.2014.51.4.491

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2014 Vol.51, Issue 4 Next Page

Research Paper

Effects of Sample and Electrode Coupling on the Electrical Resistivity Measurements of Conductive Samples 전극과 시험편간 결합요소가 양전도성 시험편의 전기비저항 측정에 미치는 영향: 이상규, 이태종
Sang Kyu Lee, Tae Jong Lee

31 August 2014. pp. 491-502

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Abstract

Using a resistivity measurement system for conductive samples by current-source potential-measurement method, various coupling effects between electrodes and samples are discussed including contact resistance, lead resistance, temperature dependence, and heat production by current source. The lead resistance was over 10 times higher than the resistance of graphite or nichrome although the electrodes and lead lines were made of silver. Lead resistance itself showed very strong temperature dependence, so that it is essential to subtract the lead resistance from the measured values at corresponding temperature. Minimization of contact resistance is very important, so that the axial loads as big as possible are needed unless the deformation of sample occurs. When heat is produced within the sample during the measurement, breaks for some period of time for cooling the sample or simultaneous measurements of sample temperature are necessary.

Keywords

Conductive sample

Resistivity

Lead resistance

Contact resistance

Temperature

전류송신에 의한 전위측정 방식의 전도성 시험편의 전기비저항 측정 시스템을 구축하고 시험편의 단면과 전극간의 접촉저항, 전극과 연장선을 포함하는 리드저항과 이들의 온도에 따른 영향, 그리고 측정 중 시험편에서 발생하는 발열의 영향 등 측정 저항값에 영향을 미칠 수 있는 전극-시험편간 결합 요소의 영향을 고찰하였다. 리드저항은 자체로 온도에 민감하고 은재질의 전극을 사용하였음에도 흑연이나 니크롬의 저항보다 10배 이상 크게 나타나 온도에 따른 리드저항을 사전에 측정하여 측정값에서 보정해줘야 할 필요가 있다. 전극과 시험편간의 접촉저항을 최소화하기 위해 시험편이 변형을 일으키지 않는다는 전제에서 하중 증가에 따른 저항변화가 인지되지 않는 정도의 큰 하중이 요구된다. 연속측정에 의해 시험편에 열이 발생하는 경우 단속적으로 측정하거나 시험편의 표면온도나 내부온도를 함께 측정할 필요가 있다.

키워드

전도성 시험편

전기비저항

리드저항

접촉저항

온도

References

Bean, C.P., DeBlois, R.W. and Nesbitt, L.B., 2004, “Eddy‐Current Method for Measuring the Resistivity of Metals,” J. of Applied Physics, Vol. 30, No. 12, pp. 1976-1980.
Bowler, N. and Huang, Y., 2005a, “Electrical conductivity measurement of metal plates using broadband eddy- current and four-point methods,” Measurement Science and Technology, Vol. 16, No. 11, pp. 2193-2200.
Bowler, N. and Huang, Y., 2005b, “Model-based characterization of homogeneous metal plates by four-point alternating current potential drop measurements,” Magnetics, IEEE Transactions on, Vol. 41, No. 6, pp. 2102-2110.
Bowler, N., 2006, “Theory of four-point direct-current potential drop measurements on a metal plate,” Research in Nondestructive Evaluation, Vol. 17, No. 1, pp. 29-48.
Bowler, N., 2011, “Four-point potential drop measurements for materials characterization,” Measurement Science and Technology, Vol. 22, No. 1, p. 012001.
Bowler, J.R., Huang, Y., Sun, H., Brown, J. and Bowler, N., 2008, “Alternating current potential-drop measurement of the depth of case hardening in steel rods,” Measurement Science and Technology, Vol. 19, No. 7, p. 075204.
Kim, Y. and Choi, Y.K., 1999, “Experimental verification on factors affecting core resistivity measurements,” J. of the Korean Geophys. Soc., Vol. 2, No. 3, pp. 225-233.
Lee, S.K. and Lee, T.J., 2008, “Electrical resistivity versus water contents of core samples from a geothermal borehole in Pohang, Korea,” J. of the Korean Society of Mineral and Energy Resources Engineers, Vol. 45, No. 5, pp. 526-535.
Lee, S.K. and Lee, T.J., 2009a, “Characteristics of electrical resistivity of cylindrical cement core with respect to the conductivity and contents of pore water,” J. of the Korean Society of Mineral and Energy Resources Engineers, Vol. 46, No. 5, pp. 553-562.
Lee, S.K. and Lee, T.J., 2009b, “Electrical resistivity of cylindrical cement core with successive substitution by electrolyte of different conductivity,” Jigu-Mulli-wa- Mulli-Tamsa, Vol. 12, No. 4, pp. 328-337.
Lee, S.K., Lee, T.J. and Sung, N., 2009, Holder for measuring electrical resistivity and apparatus for measuring electrical resistivity, Patent 10-0926318, Republic of Korea.
Lee, S.K. and Lee, S.K., 2010, “The prototype study of resistivity and porosity measurement for the sample collected near marine hydrothermal deposit,” Jigu-Mulli- wa-Mulli-Tamsa, Vol. 13, No. 4, pp. 378-387.
Lee, T.J. and Lee, S.K., 2014, “Characteristics of electrical resistivity of dry sandstone with respect to temperature and humidity,” J. of the Korean Society of Mineral and Energy Resources Engineers, Vol. 51, No. 1, pp. 30-40.
Lee, S.K., Lee, T.J. and Kim, H.C., 2013, “Electrical resistivity measurements of ultra-high resistivity materials by voltmeter-ammeter method,” J. of the Korean Society of Mineral and Energy Resources Engineers, Vol. 50, No. 4, pp. 512-524.
Park, S.-G., 2004, Physical property factors controlling the electrical resistivity of subsurface, Mulli-Tamsa, Vol. 7, No. 2, pp. 130-135.
Park, M.-K., 2005, Laboratory study on the electrical resistivity characteristics with contents of clay minerals, Mulli-Tamsa, Vol. 8, No. 3, pp. 218-223.
Zimmerman, J.E., 2004, “Measurement of electrical resistivity of bulk metals,” Review of Scientific Instruments, Vol. 32, No. 4, pp. 402-405.

Information

Publisher :The Korean Society of Mineral and Energy Resources Engineers
Publisher(Ko) :한국자원공학회
Journal Title :Journal of the Korean Society of Mineral and Energy Resources Engineers
Journal Title(Ko) :한국자원공학회지
Volume : 51
No :4
Pages :491-502
DOI :https://doi.org/10.12972/ksmer.2014.51.4.491

[1] Bean, C.P., DeBlois, R.W. and Nesbitt, L.B., 2004, “Eddy‐Current Method for Measuring the Resistivity of Metals,” J. of Applied Physics, Vol. 30, No. 12, pp. 1976-1980.

[2] Bowler, N. and Huang, Y., 2005a, “Electrical conductivity measurement of metal plates using broadband eddy- current and four-point methods,” Measurement Science and Technology, Vol. 16, No. 11, pp. 2193-2200.

[3] Bowler, N. and Huang, Y., 2005b, “Model-based characterization of homogeneous metal plates by four-point alternating current potential drop measurements,” Magnetics, IEEE Transactions on, Vol. 41, No. 6, pp. 2102-2110.

[4] Bowler, N., 2006, “Theory of four-point direct-current potential drop measurements on a metal plate,” Research in Nondestructive Evaluation, Vol. 17, No. 1, pp. 29-48.

[5] Bowler, N., 2011, “Four-point potential drop measurements for materials characterization,” Measurement Science and Technology, Vol. 22, No. 1, p. 012001.

[6] Bowler, J.R., Huang, Y., Sun, H., Brown, J. and Bowler, N., 2008, “Alternating current potential-drop measurement of the depth of case hardening in steel rods,” Measurement Science and Technology, Vol. 19, No. 7, p. 075204.

[7] Kim, Y. and Choi, Y.K., 1999, “Experimental verification on factors affecting core resistivity measurements,” J. of the Korean Geophys. Soc., Vol. 2, No. 3, pp. 225-233.

[8] Lee, S.K. and Lee, T.J., 2008, “Electrical resistivity versus water contents of core samples from a geothermal borehole in Pohang, Korea,” J. of the Korean Society of Mineral and Energy Resources Engineers, Vol. 45, No. 5, pp. 526-535.

[9] Lee, S.K. and Lee, T.J., 2009a, “Characteristics of electrical resistivity of cylindrical cement core with respect to the conductivity and contents of pore water,” J. of the Korean Society of Mineral and Energy Resources Engineers, Vol. 46, No. 5, pp. 553-562.

[10] Lee, S.K. and Lee, T.J., 2009b, “Electrical resistivity of cylindrical cement core with successive substitution by electrolyte of different conductivity,” Jigu-Mulli-wa- Mulli-Tamsa, Vol. 12, No. 4, pp. 328-337.

[11] Lee, S.K., Lee, T.J. and Sung, N., 2009, Holder for measuring electrical resistivity and apparatus for measuring electrical resistivity, Patent 10-0926318, Republic of Korea.

[12] Lee, S.K. and Lee, S.K., 2010, “The prototype study of resistivity and porosity measurement for the sample collected near marine hydrothermal deposit,” Jigu-Mulli- wa-Mulli-Tamsa, Vol. 13, No. 4, pp. 378-387.

[13] Lee, T.J. and Lee, S.K., 2014, “Characteristics of electrical resistivity of dry sandstone with respect to temperature and humidity,” J. of the Korean Society of Mineral and Energy Resources Engineers, Vol. 51, No. 1, pp. 30-40.

[14] Lee, S.K., Lee, T.J. and Kim, H.C., 2013, “Electrical resistivity measurements of ultra-high resistivity materials by voltmeter-ammeter method,” J. of the Korean Society of Mineral and Energy Resources Engineers, Vol. 50, No. 4, pp. 512-524.

[15] Park, S.-G., 2004, Physical property factors controlling the electrical resistivity of subsurface, Mulli-Tamsa, Vol. 7, No. 2, pp. 130-135.

[16] Park, M.-K., 2005, Laboratory study on the electrical resistivity characteristics with contents of clay minerals, Mulli-Tamsa, Vol. 8, No. 3, pp. 218-223.

[17] Zimmerman, J.E., 2004, “Measurement of electrical resistivity of bulk metals,” Review of Scientific Instruments, Vol. 32, No. 4, pp. 402-405.

Journal of the Korean Society of Mineral and Energy Resources EngineersISSN:2288-0291(Print) 2288-2790(Online)한국자원공학회

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