Simulation Study of the SAGD for the Carbonate Reservoir Model Incorporating Fracture Characteristics of Grosmont Formation, Canada

doi:10.12972/ksmer.2014.51.4.549

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2014 Vol.51, Issue 4 Preview Page Next Page

Research Paper

Simulation Study of the SAGD for the Carbonate Reservoir Model Incorporating Fracture Characteristics of Grosmont Formation, Canada 균열 특성을 반영한 캐나다 Grosmont 탄산염 저류층 모델에 대한 SAGD 시뮬레이션 연구: 최영락, 김유리, 김현진, 신국선, 전재호, 장일식
Youngrak Choi, Yulee Kim, Hyunjin Kam, Kooksun Shin, Jaeho Jun, IlSik Jang

31 August 2014. pp. 549-562

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Abstract

The amount of carbonate bitumen resources is estimated to be about 500 billion barrels. The Grosmont Formation in Alberta region has more than 90% of the world bitumen resources. This study generated the reservoir properties of Grosmont Formation using the artificial neural network method with the core and welllog data, and the fracture network using the core fracture data. Then the dual porosity model was developed to simulate the behavior of fluid in the fractured carbonate rocks. SAGD (Steam Assisted Gravity Drainage) process was analysed in the carbonate reservoir model. SAGD process showed good results that are cSOR of 2.73 and RF of 70% after 20-year production and implied the commercial applicability of SAGD for the carbonate bitumen.

Keywords

Carbonate bitumen

Grosmont

SAGD

Dual porosity model

전 세계 탄산염암 비투멘의 탐사자원량은 약 5,000억 배럴로 추정되며, 캐나다 앨버타주 Grosmont 층에 90% 이상이 집중되어 있다. 이 연구에서는 Grosmont 층의 코어 및 물리검층 자료 등에 대해 인공신경망 기법을 적용하여 저류층 물성치를 도출하고 코어의 균열자료를 이용하여 균열망을 구성하였다. 또한, 탄산염암의 균열 내 유체 거동을 효과적으로 모사하기 위해 이원공극 모델을 적용하여 최종 저류층 모델을 구축하였다. 이를 기반으로 전산 시뮬레이션을 수행하여 기존 오일샌드 생산기법인 SAGD공법의 적용성을 분석하였으며 20년 생산 결과, 누적 증기오일비는 2.73, 회수율은 70%를 나타내 상업적인 개발 가능성을 보여주었다.

키워드

탄산염암 비투멘

Grosmont

SAGD

이원공극모델

References

ERCB(Alberta Energy Resources Conservation Board), 2012, “Alberta's Energy Reserves 2011 and Supply/Demand Outlook 2012–2021,” ST98-2012, pp. 1-11.
Buschkuehle, B.E., Frances, J. Hein. and Grobe, M., 2007 “An Overview of the Geology of the Upper Devonian Grosmont Carbonate Bitumen Deposit, Northern Alberta, Canada,” J. of Natural Resources Research, Vol. 16, No. 1, pp. 4-7.
Choi, Y.R., Jung, S.P. and Yoo, J.H., 2013, “Improvement of SAGD by N2 Injection in Oil Sand Reservoir with Thief Zone,” J. of the Korean Society of Mineral and Energy Resources Engineering, Vol. 50, No. 2, pp. 252-263.
Choi, J., Kim, J.-H., Kil, Y.-W., Lee, S.-D. and Park, M.-H., 2011, “Inorganic and Organic Geochemical Characteristics of Devonian Bitumen Carbonate in Alberta, Canada,” Econ. Environ. Geol., Vol. 44, No. 1, pp. 21-35.
Edmunds, N. and Chhina, H., 2001, “Economic Optimum Operating Pressure for SAGD Projects in Alberta,” JCPT, Vol. 40, No. 12, pp. 13-17.
Ezeuko, C.C., Kallos, M.S. and Gates, I.D., 2013, “Object Characterisation and Simulation of Thermal Recovery from Karstified, Brecciated and Fractured Bitumen Carbonate Reservoirs,” IPTC 16860, International Petroleum Technology Conference, Beijing, China, Mar. 26-28.
Fox, A., Forchhammer, K., Pettersson, A., La Pointe, P. and Lim, D.H., 2012, “Geological Discrete Fracture Network Model for the Olkiluoto Site, Eurajoki, Finland,” Golder Associates Inc.
Hwang, T.H., Shin, H.D. and Chon, B.H., 2013, “Optimal Grid System Design for the SAGD Process Simulation,” J. of the Korean Society of Mineral and Energy Resources Engineering, Vol. 50, No. 5, pp. 667-677.
IHS, 2014, http://www.ihs.com/products/oil-gas/ep-data/tools/ accumap/index.aspx.
Jiang, Q., Yuan, J., Russel-Houston, J., Thornton, B. and Squires, A., 2010, “Evaluation of Recovery Technologies for the Grosmont Carbonate Reservoirs,” JCPT, Vol. 49, No. 5, pp. 56-64.
Kam, D., Min, B., Chung, S., Park, C., Kang, J., Kim, J., Jang, I. and Choi, Y., 2009, “Optimization of Steam Injection Pressure in SAGD Using Artificial Neural Network,” J. of the Korean Society of Geosystem Engineering, Vol. 46, No. 2, pp. 143-150.
Lee, W., Lee, Y. and Sung, W., 2009, “Sensitivity Studies on Thermal Parameters of Carbonate Heavy Oil Reservoir,” J. of the Korean Society of Geosystem Engineering, Vol. 46, No. 4, pp. 466-473.
Lee, D.G., Seo, K.W. and Lim, J.S., 2011, “3D Geostatistical Modeling Using Well Data of Oil Sand Reservoir in the Leismer Field, Canada,” J. of the Korean Society of Geosystem Engineering, Vol. 48, No. 6, pp. 687-700.
Nasr, T.N. and Ayodele, O.R., 2005, “Thermal Techniques for the Recovery of Heavy Oil and Bitumen,” SPE 97488, SPE International Improved Oil Recovery Conference, Asia Pacific, December 5-6.
Oda, M., 1985, “Permeability tensor for discontinuous rock masses,” Geotechnique, Vol. 35, pp. 483-495.
Rassenfoss, S., 2013, “Finding Pathways to Produce Heavy Oil From Canadian Carbonates,” JPT, Vol. 65, No. 8, pp. 58-67.
Shin, H. and Polikar, M., 2005, “Optimizing the SAGD Process in Three Major Canadian Oil-Sands Areas,” SPE 95754, SPE Annual Technical Conferenceand Exhibition, Dallas, Texas, U.S.A, October 9-12.
Singhal, A.K., Ito, Y. and Kasraie, M., 1998, “Screening and Design Criteria for Steam-Assisted Gravity Drainage Projects,” SPE 50410, SPE International Conference on Horizontal Well Technology, Calgary, Canada, November 1-4.
Qi, J. and Yuan, J.Y., 2013, “History Matching Grosmont C Carbonate Thermal Production Performance,” SPE 165560, SPE Heavy Oil Conference, Canada. June 11-13.

Information

Publisher :The Korean Society of Mineral and Energy Resources Engineers
Publisher(Ko) :한국자원공학회
Journal Title :Journal of the Korean Society of Mineral and Energy Resources Engineers
Journal Title(Ko) :한국자원공학회지
Volume : 51
No :4
Pages :549-562
DOI :https://doi.org/10.12972/ksmer.2014.51.4.549

[1] ERCB(Alberta Energy Resources Conservation Board), 2012, “Alberta's Energy Reserves 2011 and Supply/Demand Outlook 2012–2021,” ST98-2012, pp. 1-11.

[2] Buschkuehle, B.E., Frances, J. Hein. and Grobe, M., 2007 “An Overview of the Geology of the Upper Devonian Grosmont Carbonate Bitumen Deposit, Northern Alberta, Canada,” J. of Natural Resources Research, Vol. 16, No. 1, pp. 4-7.

[3] Choi, Y.R., Jung, S.P. and Yoo, J.H., 2013, “Improvement of SAGD by N2 Injection in Oil Sand Reservoir with Thief Zone,” J. of the Korean Society of Mineral and Energy Resources Engineering, Vol. 50, No. 2, pp. 252-263.

[4] Choi, J., Kim, J.-H., Kil, Y.-W., Lee, S.-D. and Park, M.-H., 2011, “Inorganic and Organic Geochemical Characteristics of Devonian Bitumen Carbonate in Alberta, Canada,” Econ. Environ. Geol., Vol. 44, No. 1, pp. 21-35.

[5] Edmunds, N. and Chhina, H., 2001, “Economic Optimum Operating Pressure for SAGD Projects in Alberta,” JCPT, Vol. 40, No. 12, pp. 13-17.

[6] Ezeuko, C.C., Kallos, M.S. and Gates, I.D., 2013, “Object Characterisation and Simulation of Thermal Recovery from Karstified, Brecciated and Fractured Bitumen Carbonate Reservoirs,” IPTC 16860, International Petroleum Technology Conference, Beijing, China, Mar. 26-28.

[7] Fox, A., Forchhammer, K., Pettersson, A., La Pointe, P. and Lim, D.H., 2012, “Geological Discrete Fracture Network Model for the Olkiluoto Site, Eurajoki, Finland,” Golder Associates Inc.

[8] Hwang, T.H., Shin, H.D. and Chon, B.H., 2013, “Optimal Grid System Design for the SAGD Process Simulation,” J. of the Korean Society of Mineral and Energy Resources Engineering, Vol. 50, No. 5, pp. 667-677.

[9] IHS, 2014, http://www.ihs.com/products/oil-gas/ep-data/tools/ accumap/index.aspx.

[10] Jiang, Q., Yuan, J., Russel-Houston, J., Thornton, B. and Squires, A., 2010, “Evaluation of Recovery Technologies for the Grosmont Carbonate Reservoirs,” JCPT, Vol. 49, No. 5, pp. 56-64.

[11] Kam, D., Min, B., Chung, S., Park, C., Kang, J., Kim, J., Jang, I. and Choi, Y., 2009, “Optimization of Steam Injection Pressure in SAGD Using Artificial Neural Network,” J. of the Korean Society of Geosystem Engineering, Vol. 46, No. 2, pp. 143-150.

[12] Lee, W., Lee, Y. and Sung, W., 2009, “Sensitivity Studies on Thermal Parameters of Carbonate Heavy Oil Reservoir,” J. of the Korean Society of Geosystem Engineering, Vol. 46, No. 4, pp. 466-473.

[13] Lee, D.G., Seo, K.W. and Lim, J.S., 2011, “3D Geostatistical Modeling Using Well Data of Oil Sand Reservoir in the Leismer Field, Canada,” J. of the Korean Society of Geosystem Engineering, Vol. 48, No. 6, pp. 687-700.

[14] Nasr, T.N. and Ayodele, O.R., 2005, “Thermal Techniques for the Recovery of Heavy Oil and Bitumen,” SPE 97488, SPE International Improved Oil Recovery Conference, Asia Pacific, December 5-6.

[15] Oda, M., 1985, “Permeability tensor for discontinuous rock masses,” Geotechnique, Vol. 35, pp. 483-495.

[16] Rassenfoss, S., 2013, “Finding Pathways to Produce Heavy Oil From Canadian Carbonates,” JPT, Vol. 65, No. 8, pp. 58-67.

[17] Shin, H. and Polikar, M., 2005, “Optimizing the SAGD Process in Three Major Canadian Oil-Sands Areas,” SPE 95754, SPE Annual Technical Conferenceand Exhibition, Dallas, Texas, U.S.A, October 9-12.

[18] Singhal, A.K., Ito, Y. and Kasraie, M., 1998, “Screening and Design Criteria for Steam-Assisted Gravity Drainage Projects,” SPE 50410, SPE International Conference on Horizontal Well Technology, Calgary, Canada, November 1-4.

[19] Qi, J. and Yuan, J.Y., 2013, “History Matching Grosmont C Carbonate Thermal Production Performance,” SPE 165560, SPE Heavy Oil Conference, Canada. June 11-13.

Journal of the Korean Society of Mineral and Energy Resources Engineers ISSN:2288-0291(Print) 2288-2790(Online) 한국자원공학회지

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