Development and Application of the Apparatus to Measure the Low Permeability and Porosity of Shale Matrix

doi:10.12972/ksmer.2014.51.4.537

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2014 Vol.51, Issue 4 Preview Page Next Page

Research Paper

Development and Application of the Apparatus to Measure the Low Permeability and Porosity of Shale Matrix 셰일암체의 저투과도 및 공극률 측정을 위한 실험장치 개발 및 활용: 장호창, 김정균, 이정환
Hochang Jang, Junggyun Kim, Jeonghwan Lee

31 August 2014. pp. 537-548

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Abstract

To develop a shale gas reservoir successfully, it is important to measure permeability and porosity which are representative of flow characteristics and fluid storage. Conventional measurement methods are difficult to be applied to a shale gas reservoir, because porosity and permeability are extremely low compared to a conventional gas reservoir. In this study, an apparatus was developed for measuring low permeability and porosity based on a pressure pulse decay method. The apparatus was applied for measuring the porosity and permeability of shale core samples from Haenam Unhangri Formation in Korea. As a validation of the measurement, regression analysis was carried out using the dimensionless pseudo-pressure between the measured data and analytical solution. The results show the correlation coefficients above 0.95. Therefore, it is believed that the apparatus has a high accuracy.

Keywords

Shale gas

Low permeability

Unsteady state method

Pressure pulse decay method

저류층의 성공적인 개발을 위해서는 유체의 유동 특성과 저장능력을 파악할 수 있는 투과도와 공극률의 도출이 중요하다. 셰일가스의 경우, 전통적인 천연가스전과 비교하여 투과도와 공극률이 특징적으로 낮기 때문에 통상적인 물성 측정 기술을 적용하기에는 한계가 있다. 이에 본 연구에서는 비정상상태측정법 중 하나인 압력펄스감소법을 기반으로 저투과성 암체의 물성을 도출할 수 있는 실험 장치를 개발하였다. 개발된 장치는 국내 해남 우항리층에서 취득된 셰일 코어의 물성 분석에 이용되었으며, 각 시료의 투과도와 공극률을 도출하였다. 또한, 실험을 통해 얻어진 자료와 이론해 모델 간의 무차원 유사압력(dimensionless pseudo-pressure) 거동에 대한 회귀분석 결과, 모두 0.95 이상의 상관계수를 나타냈으며, 개발된 장치에 대한 높은 신뢰성을 확인할 수 있었다.

키워드

셰일가스

저투과도

비정상상태 측정법

압력펄스감소법

References

Brace, W.F., Walsh, J.B. and Frangos, W.T., 1968, “Permeability of Granite Under High Pressure,” J. of Geophysical Research, Vol. 73, No. 6, pp. 2225-2236.
Bourbie, T. and Walls, J., 1982, “Pulse Decay Permeability: Analytical Solution and Experimental Test,” Society of Petroleum Engineers Journal, Vol. 22, No. 5, pp. 719-721.
Chen, T. and Stagg, P.W., 1984, “Semilog Analysis of the Pulse-Decay Technique of Permeability Measurement,” Society of Petroleum Engineers Journal, Vol. 24, No. 6, pp. 639-642.
Cho, H.G., Kim, S.J. and Chang, S.J., 2002, “Physical Properties of Sedimentary Rocks Containing Dinosaur Trace Fossils in the Haenam: A Relationship with Chert Content,” J. Miner. Soc. Korea, Vol. 15, No. 2, pp. 132-139.
Dicker, A.I. and Smits, R.M., 1988, “A Practical Approach for Determining Permeability from Laboratory Pressure Pulse Decay Measurements,” International Meeting on Petroleum Engineering, Society of Petroleum Engineers, Nov. 1-4, Tianjin, China, SPE-17578.
Haskett, S.E., Narahara, G.M. and Holditch, S.A., 1988, “A Method for the Simultaneous Determination of Permeability and Porosity in Low-Permeability Cores,” J. of SPE Formation Evaluation, Vol. 3, No. 3, pp. 651-658.
Holder, J., Koelsch, T., Fruth, L. and Donath, F., 1988, “Laboratory Measurement of Permeability in Rock,” The 29^th U.S. Symposium on Rock Mechnics (USRMS), American Rock Mechanics Association, Jun. 13-15, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA, ARMA-88-0207.
Holditch, S.A., 2006, “Tight Gas Sands,” J. of Petroleum Technology, Vol. 58, Vo. 6, p. 88.
Hsieh, P.A., Tracy, J.V., Neuzil, C.E., Bredehoeft, J.D. and Silliman, S.E., 1981, “A Transient Laboratory Method for Determining the Hydraulic Properties of ‘Tight’ Rocks-I. Theory,” International Journal of Rock Mechanics and Mining Sciences & Geomechanics Abstracts, Vol. 18, No. 3. pp. 248-252.
Hwang, K.G., 2001, Dinosaur and Pterosaur Tracks from the Late Cretaceous Uhangri Fromation, Haenam, SW Korea, ScD Thesis, Chonbuk National University, Korea.
Jarvie, D.M., Hill, R.J., Ruble, T.E. and Pollastro, R.M., 2007, “Unconventional Shale-gas System: The Mississippian Barnett Shale of North-Central Texas as One Model for Thermogenic Shale-gas Assessment,” AAPG Bulletin, Vol. 91, No. 4, pp. 475-499.
Jones, S.C., 1994, “A Technique for Faster Pulse-Decay Permeability Measurements in Tight Rocks,” J. of SPE Formation Evaluation, Vol. 12, No. 1, pp. 19-26.
Kamath, J., Boyer, R.E. and Nakagawa, F.M., 1992, “Characterization of Core-Scale Heterogeneities Using Laboratory Pressure Transients,” Society of Petroleum Engineers Journal, Vol. 7, No. 3, pp. 219-227.
Kim, H.T., Huh, D.G., Kim, S.J., Sung, W.M. and Jang, T.H., 1998, “Measurements of Tight Rock Permeability by Pressure Pulse Decay Method,” J. of Mineral and Energy Resources, Vol. 35, No. 5, pp. 475-480.
Kim, H.T., 2000, Experiment of Absolute Permeability for Artificially Fractured Cores Using Pressure Pulse Decay Method and Its Analysis with Fractal Characteristics, PhD Thesis, Hanyang University, Korea.
Kim, H.T., Huh, D.G., Kim, I.K., Kim, S.J. and Sung, W.M., 2000, “Experimental Measurement of Permeability for Artificially Fractured Cores Using Pressure Pulse Decay Method,” J. of Mineral and Energy Resources, Vol. 38, No. 2, pp. 76-83.
Kwan, M.Y., Okazawa, T. and Fortier, R.A., 1988, “Application of the Pulse-Decay Technique to the Measurement of Heavy Oil Core Fluid Mobilities and Porosity,” J. of Canadian Petroleum Technology, Vol. 27, No. 5, pp. 92-98.
Suarez-Rivera, R., Chertov, M., Willberg, D.M., Green, S.J. and Keller, J., 2012, “Understanding Permeability Measurements in Tight Shales Promotes Enhanced Determination of Reservoir Quality,” SPE Canadian Unconventional Resources Conference, Society of Petroleum Engineers, Oct. 30-Nov. 1, Calgary, Alberta, Canada, SPE-162816.
Yamada, S.E. and Jones, A.H., 1980, “A Review of a Pulse Technique for Permeability Measurements,” Society of Petroleum Engineers Journal, Vol. 20, No. 5, pp. 357-358.

Information

Publisher :The Korean Society of Mineral and Energy Resources Engineers
Publisher(Ko) :한국자원공학회
Journal Title :Journal of the Korean Society of Mineral and Energy Resources Engineers
Journal Title(Ko) :한국자원공학회지
Volume : 51
No :4
Pages :537-548
DOI :https://doi.org/10.12972/ksmer.2014.51.4.537

[1] Brace, W.F., Walsh, J.B. and Frangos, W.T., 1968, “Permeability of Granite Under High Pressure,” J. of Geophysical Research, Vol. 73, No. 6, pp. 2225-2236.

[2] Bourbie, T. and Walls, J., 1982, “Pulse Decay Permeability: Analytical Solution and Experimental Test,” Society of Petroleum Engineers Journal, Vol. 22, No. 5, pp. 719-721.

[3] Chen, T. and Stagg, P.W., 1984, “Semilog Analysis of the Pulse-Decay Technique of Permeability Measurement,” Society of Petroleum Engineers Journal, Vol. 24, No. 6, pp. 639-642.

[4] Cho, H.G., Kim, S.J. and Chang, S.J., 2002, “Physical Properties of Sedimentary Rocks Containing Dinosaur Trace Fossils in the Haenam: A Relationship with Chert Content,” J. Miner. Soc. Korea, Vol. 15, No. 2, pp. 132-139.

[5] Dicker, A.I. and Smits, R.M., 1988, “A Practical Approach for Determining Permeability from Laboratory Pressure Pulse Decay Measurements,” International Meeting on Petroleum Engineering, Society of Petroleum Engineers, Nov. 1-4, Tianjin, China, SPE-17578.

[6] Haskett, S.E., Narahara, G.M. and Holditch, S.A., 1988, “A Method for the Simultaneous Determination of Permeability and Porosity in Low-Permeability Cores,” J. of SPE Formation Evaluation, Vol. 3, No. 3, pp. 651-658.

[7] Holder, J., Koelsch, T., Fruth, L. and Donath, F., 1988, “Laboratory Measurement of Permeability in Rock,” The 29^th U.S. Symposium on Rock Mechnics (USRMS), American Rock Mechanics Association, Jun. 13-15, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA, ARMA-88-0207.

[8] Holditch, S.A., 2006, “Tight Gas Sands,” J. of Petroleum Technology, Vol. 58, Vo. 6, p. 88.

[9] Hsieh, P.A., Tracy, J.V., Neuzil, C.E., Bredehoeft, J.D. and Silliman, S.E., 1981, “A Transient Laboratory Method for Determining the Hydraulic Properties of ‘Tight’ Rocks-I. Theory,” International Journal of Rock Mechanics and Mining Sciences & Geomechanics Abstracts, Vol. 18, No. 3. pp. 248-252.

[10] Hwang, K.G., 2001, Dinosaur and Pterosaur Tracks from the Late Cretaceous Uhangri Fromation, Haenam, SW Korea, ScD Thesis, Chonbuk National University, Korea.

[11] Jarvie, D.M., Hill, R.J., Ruble, T.E. and Pollastro, R.M., 2007, “Unconventional Shale-gas System: The Mississippian Barnett Shale of North-Central Texas as One Model for Thermogenic Shale-gas Assessment,” AAPG Bulletin, Vol. 91, No. 4, pp. 475-499.

[12] Jones, S.C., 1994, “A Technique for Faster Pulse-Decay Permeability Measurements in Tight Rocks,” J. of SPE Formation Evaluation, Vol. 12, No. 1, pp. 19-26.

[13] Kamath, J., Boyer, R.E. and Nakagawa, F.M., 1992, “Characterization of Core-Scale Heterogeneities Using Laboratory Pressure Transients,” Society of Petroleum Engineers Journal, Vol. 7, No. 3, pp. 219-227.

[14] Kim, H.T., Huh, D.G., Kim, S.J., Sung, W.M. and Jang, T.H., 1998, “Measurements of Tight Rock Permeability by Pressure Pulse Decay Method,” J. of Mineral and Energy Resources, Vol. 35, No. 5, pp. 475-480.

[15] Kim, H.T., 2000, Experiment of Absolute Permeability for Artificially Fractured Cores Using Pressure Pulse Decay Method and Its Analysis with Fractal Characteristics, PhD Thesis, Hanyang University, Korea.

[16] Kim, H.T., Huh, D.G., Kim, I.K., Kim, S.J. and Sung, W.M., 2000, “Experimental Measurement of Permeability for Artificially Fractured Cores Using Pressure Pulse Decay Method,” J. of Mineral and Energy Resources, Vol. 38, No. 2, pp. 76-83.

[17] Kwan, M.Y., Okazawa, T. and Fortier, R.A., 1988, “Application of the Pulse-Decay Technique to the Measurement of Heavy Oil Core Fluid Mobilities and Porosity,” J. of Canadian Petroleum Technology, Vol. 27, No. 5, pp. 92-98.

[18] Suarez-Rivera, R., Chertov, M., Willberg, D.M., Green, S.J. and Keller, J., 2012, “Understanding Permeability Measurements in Tight Shales Promotes Enhanced Determination of Reservoir Quality,” SPE Canadian Unconventional Resources Conference, Society of Petroleum Engineers, Oct. 30-Nov. 1, Calgary, Alberta, Canada, SPE-162816.

[19] Yamada, S.E. and Jones, A.H., 1980, “A Review of a Pulse Technique for Permeability Measurements,” Society of Petroleum Engineers Journal, Vol. 20, No. 5, pp. 357-358.

Journal of the Korean Society of Mineral and Energy Resources Engineers ISSN:2288-0291(Print) 2288-2790(Online) 한국자원공학회지

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