Determination of Subcritical Crack Growth Parameters Using Double Torsion Test

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2008 Vol.45, Issue 6 Next Page

Determination of Subcritical Crack Growth Parameters Using Double Torsion Test 이중 비틀림 시험을 이용한 암석의 임계하 균열성장 지수결정: 고태영, J. Kemeny, 문현구
Tae Young Ko, J. Kemeny and Hyun-Koo Moon

31 December 2008. pp. 601-609

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Abstract

Subcritical crack growth is an environmental-assisted crack growth. It takes place over long periods of time and its crack velocity is very slow. The characteristics of subcritical crack growth are evaluated by determining the subcritical crack growth parameters. The subcritical crack growth parameters A and n can be estimated from the experimental relation between the crack velocity and the stress intensity factor. In this research, the subcritical crack growth parameters for Coconino sandstone are determined using a double torsion test. The subcritical crack growth parameter n is determined to be 33 with standard deviation of 11, and A was determined to be 1.15×10-4 to 1.45 m/s. The parameter n values seem reasonable compared with other literature, but the parameter A values are widely scattered. Thus the double torsion test may not be suitable for determining the parameter A. The fracture toughness is also determined to be 0.686 MPa√m and this value is compared with the value from the chevron bend specimen.

Keywords

Subcritical crack growth

Subcritical crack growth parameters

Double torsion test

Fracture toughness

Coconino sandstone

Chevron bend specimen

임계하 균열성장은 환경적 요인에 의하여 응력이 임계점에 도달하지 않아도 균열이 성장하는 현상을 말하며, 오랜 시간동안 느린 균열성장 속도를 가지며 일어난다. 이런 임계하 균열성장의 특성은 임계하 균열성장 지수를 측정함으로써 평가할 수 있으며, 임계하 균열성장 지수는 균열성장 속도와 응력확대계수 사이의 실험적 관계에 의하여 결정될 수 있다. 본 연구에서는 이중 비틀림 시험을 이용하여 코코니노 사암의 임계하 균열성장 지수를 결정하였다. 지수 n은 33으로 측정되었으며 지수 A는 1.15×10-4부터 1.45 m/s 사이의 값을 가지는 것으로 측정되었다. 지수 n은 기존 연구 결과와 비교했을 때 타당한 값을 가지는 것으로 판단되었으나 지수 A는 그 분산이 매우 크게 나타났다. 따라서 이중 비틀림 시험은 지수 A를 결정할 때 적합하지 못한 시험으로 사료되었다. 이중 비틀림 시험에 의한 파괴인성 측정값은 0.686 MPa√m 이었으며, CB 시험편을 이용한 결과와 비교하였다.

키워드

임계하 균열성장

임계하 균열성장 지수

이중 비틀림 시험

파괴인성

코코니노 사암

CB 시험편

References

Atkinson, B.K., 1979, “Fracture Toughness of Tennessee Sandstone and Carrara Marble Using the Double Torsion Testing Method,” Int. J. Rock Mech. Min. Sci. & Geomech. Abstr., Vol. 16, pp. 49-53.
Atkinson, B.K., 1984, “Subcritical Crack Growth in Geological Materials,” J. Geophys. Res., Vol. 89, No. B6, pp. 4,077-4,114.
Atkinson, B.K. and Meredith, P.G., 1987, “Experimental Fracture Mechanics Data for Rocks and Minerals,” In: Fracture Mechanics of Rock, Academic Press Inc, London, pp. 477-525.
Charles, R.J., 1958, “Static Fatigue of Glass,” J. Appl. Physi. Vol. 29, pp. 1,549-1,560.
Evans, A.G., 1972, “A Method for Evaluating the Timedependent Failure Characteristics of Brittle Materials – and Its Application to Polycrystalline Alumina,” J. Mater. Sci., Vol. 7, pp. 1137-1146.
Evans, A.G., 1974, “Slow Crack Growth in Brittle Materials under Dynamic Loading Conditions,” Int. J. Fract. Mech., Vol. 10, No. 2, pp. 251-259.
Henry, J.P., Paquet, J., and Tancrez, J.P., 1977, “Experimental Study of Crack Propagation in Calcite Rocks,” Int. J. Rock Mech. Min. Sci. & Geomech. Abstr., Vol. 14, pp. 85-91.
Kemeny, J., 2003, “The Time-Dependent Reduction of Sliding Cohesion due to Rock Bridges Along Discontinuities: A Fracture Mechanics Approach,” Rock Mech. Rock Eng., Vol. 36, No. 1, pp. 27-38.
Nara, Y. and Kaneko, K., 2005, “Study of Subcritical Crack Growth in Andesite Using the Double Torsion Test,” Int. J. Rock Mech. Min. Sci., Vol. 42, pp. 521-530.
Olson, J.E., 1993, “Joint Pattern Development: Effects of Subcritical Crack Growth and Mechanical Crack Interaction,” J. Geophys. Res., Vol. 98, No. B7, pp. 12,251-12,265.
Ouchterlony, F., 1988, “Suggested Methods for Determining the Fracture Toughness of Rock,” Int. J. Rock Mech. Min. Sci. & Geomech. Abstr., Vol. 25, No. 2, pp. 71-96.
Pletka, B.J., Fuller, E.R., and Koepke, B.G., 1979, “An Evaluation of Double-Torsion Testing – Experimental,” In: Fracture Mechanics Applied to Brittle Materials, ASTM STP 678, ASTM, Philadelphia, pp. 19-37.
Rijken, M.C.M., 2005, Modeling Naturally Fractured Reservoirs: From Experimental Rock Mechanics to Flow Simulation, Ph.D. Dissertation, The University of Texas at Austin, USA.
Swanson, P.L., 1984, “Subcritical Crack Growth and Other Time – and Environment – Dependent Behavior in Crustal Rocks,” J. Geophys. Res, Vol. 89, No. B6, pp. 4,137-4,152.
Swanson, P.L., 1985, Subcritical Fracture Propagation in Rocks: An Examination Using the Methods of Fracture Mechanics and Non-Destructive Testing, Ph.D. Dissertation, University of Colorado at Boulder, USA.
Trantina, G.G., 1977, “Stress Analysis of the Double-Torsion Specimen,” J. Am. Ceram. Soc., Vol. 60, No. 7-8, pp. 338-341.
Wiederhorn, S.M., 1967, “Influence of Water Vapor on Crack Propagation in Soda-Lime Glass,” J. Am. Ceram. Soc. Vol. 50, No. 8, pp. 407-414.
Wiederhorn, S.M., 1974, “Subcritical Crack Growth in Ceramics,” In: Fracture Mechanics of Ceramics, Vol. 2, Plenum Press, New York, pp. 613-646.
Williams, D.P. and Evans, A.G., 1973, “A Simple Method for Studying Slow Crack Growth,” J. Test. Eval., Vol. 1, No. 4, pp. 264-270.

Information

Publisher :The Korean Society of Mineral and Energy Resources Engineers
Publisher(Ko) :한국자원공학회
Journal Title :Journal of the Korean Society for Geosystem Engineering
Journal Title(Ko) :한국지구시스템공학회지
Volume : 45
No :6
Pages :601-609

[1] Atkinson, B.K., 1979, “Fracture Toughness of Tennessee Sandstone and Carrara Marble Using the Double Torsion Testing Method,” Int. J. Rock Mech. Min. Sci. & Geomech. Abstr., Vol. 16, pp. 49-53.

[2] Atkinson, B.K., 1984, “Subcritical Crack Growth in Geological Materials,” J. Geophys. Res., Vol. 89, No. B6, pp. 4,077-4,114.

[3] Atkinson, B.K. and Meredith, P.G., 1987, “Experimental Fracture Mechanics Data for Rocks and Minerals,” In: Fracture Mechanics of Rock, Academic Press Inc, London, pp. 477-525.

[4] Charles, R.J., 1958, “Static Fatigue of Glass,” J. Appl. Physi. Vol. 29, pp. 1,549-1,560.

[5] Evans, A.G., 1972, “A Method for Evaluating the Timedependent Failure Characteristics of Brittle Materials – and Its Application to Polycrystalline Alumina,” J. Mater. Sci., Vol. 7, pp. 1137-1146.

[6] Evans, A.G., 1974, “Slow Crack Growth in Brittle Materials under Dynamic Loading Conditions,” Int. J. Fract. Mech., Vol. 10, No. 2, pp. 251-259.

[7] Henry, J.P., Paquet, J., and Tancrez, J.P., 1977, “Experimental Study of Crack Propagation in Calcite Rocks,” Int. J. Rock Mech. Min. Sci. & Geomech. Abstr., Vol. 14, pp. 85-91.

[8] Kemeny, J., 2003, “The Time-Dependent Reduction of Sliding Cohesion due to Rock Bridges Along Discontinuities: A Fracture Mechanics Approach,” Rock Mech. Rock Eng., Vol. 36, No. 1, pp. 27-38.

[9] Nara, Y. and Kaneko, K., 2005, “Study of Subcritical Crack Growth in Andesite Using the Double Torsion Test,” Int. J. Rock Mech. Min. Sci., Vol. 42, pp. 521-530.

[10] Olson, J.E., 1993, “Joint Pattern Development: Effects of Subcritical Crack Growth and Mechanical Crack Interaction,” J. Geophys. Res., Vol. 98, No. B7, pp. 12,251-12,265.

[11] Ouchterlony, F., 1988, “Suggested Methods for Determining the Fracture Toughness of Rock,” Int. J. Rock Mech. Min. Sci. & Geomech. Abstr., Vol. 25, No. 2, pp. 71-96.

[12] Pletka, B.J., Fuller, E.R., and Koepke, B.G., 1979, “An Evaluation of Double-Torsion Testing – Experimental,” In: Fracture Mechanics Applied to Brittle Materials, ASTM STP 678, ASTM, Philadelphia, pp. 19-37.

[13] Rijken, M.C.M., 2005, Modeling Naturally Fractured Reservoirs: From Experimental Rock Mechanics to Flow Simulation, Ph.D. Dissertation, The University of Texas at Austin, USA.

[14] Swanson, P.L., 1984, “Subcritical Crack Growth and Other Time – and Environment – Dependent Behavior in Crustal Rocks,” J. Geophys. Res, Vol. 89, No. B6, pp. 4,137-4,152.

[15] Swanson, P.L., 1985, Subcritical Fracture Propagation in Rocks: An Examination Using the Methods of Fracture Mechanics and Non-Destructive Testing, Ph.D. Dissertation, University of Colorado at Boulder, USA.

[16] Trantina, G.G., 1977, “Stress Analysis of the Double-Torsion Specimen,” J. Am. Ceram. Soc., Vol. 60, No. 7-8, pp. 338-341.

[17] Wiederhorn, S.M., 1967, “Influence of Water Vapor on Crack Propagation in Soda-Lime Glass,” J. Am. Ceram. Soc. Vol. 50, No. 8, pp. 407-414.

[18] Wiederhorn, S.M., 1974, “Subcritical Crack Growth in Ceramics,” In: Fracture Mechanics of Ceramics, Vol. 2, Plenum Press, New York, pp. 613-646.

[19] Williams, D.P. and Evans, A.G., 1973, “A Simple Method for Studying Slow Crack Growth,” J. Test. Eval., Vol. 1, No. 4, pp. 264-270.

Journal of the Korean Society of Mineral and Energy Resources Engineers ISSN:2288-0291(Print) 2288-2790(Online) 한국자원공학회지

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