A Study on Geochemical Characteristics of AMD Producing in Waste Rock Pile using stable isotopes

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A Study on Geochemical Characteristics of AMD Producing in Waste Rock Pile using stable isotopes 안정동위원소를 이용한 광산폐석장내 침출수 발생의 지화학적 특성 분석: 고주인, 김선준, 이상훈
Ju In Ko, Sun Joon Kim and Sang Hun Lee

31 October 2006. pp. 404-415

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Abstract

To characterize the waste rock pile of the Dongwon-wooseong coal mine located at Sabuk, Jeongseon-gun, Gangwon-do, Korea, samples of rain water, seepages and drill hole waters were collected and stable isotope compositions(δ18O, δD and δ34S) and some physicochemical properties(pH, temperature, Fe, Al, Mn and SO42- concentration) were analyzed. Physicochemical properties of waste rock pile seepage waters exhibited the oxidation of sulfide minerals (e.g. pyrite). When δ18O and δD of drill hole waters and seepage waters were compared to the local meteoric water line, the almost identical slope did not indicate any apparent evaporation process in the waste rock pile. To investigate the activity of sulfur oxidizing bacteria(SOB) in the waste rock pile, sulfur isotope ratios of seepage waters were analyzed. Even though, higher δ34S values(7.3～7.8‰) of seepage waters than that of rain water all year long do not support the activity of SOB, cultivation of SOB using 9K medium positively show the existence of SOB. To evaluate the source of oxygen in sulfate ion, δ18O compositions of drill hole waters, seepage waters and sulfate ions of these waters were analyzed. Theoretical calculation indicated that oxygen of sulfate ion mostly came from the oxygen of precipitation(average about 75%) and drill hole waters of No. 3 and 4 located near to the open slope of waste rock pile revealed that they were more affected by atmospheric oxygen(about 38% in average) than others were.

Keywords

waste rock pile

stable isotope composition

seepage

evaporation process

sulfur oxidizing bacteria(SOB)

강원도 정선군의 동원-우성탄광 폐석장에서 강우시료와 침출수 및 공내수 시료를 채취하여 주요 이온의 농도, pH와 온도 및 안정동위원소조성(δ18O, δD, δ34S)을 분석하였다. 침출수의 수질은 폐석장 내부에서 황화광물의 산화가 활발하게 이루어지고 있는 것을 나타냈지만 공내수와 폐석침출수의 δ18O와 δD의 값들은 강수선과 평행하게 도시되어 폐석장에서의 내부증발현상은 인지되지 않았다. 폐석장내 황산화박테리아의 활동성을 확인하기 위해 수행된 황동위원소 분석결과, 건기와 우기에 채취된 폐석침출수(7.3～7.8‰) 모두 δ34S값이 빗물(건기 4.4‰, 우기 6.3‰)보다 높게 나타나 황동위원소 분석을 통해서만 보면 폐석장내 황산화박테리아의 활동성 평가는 어려운 것으로 판단된다. 하지만 황동위원소 분석과 함께 수행된 9K medium 배지를 이용한 배양실험 결과, 건기에 채취된 폐석침출수에 비해 우기에 채취된 폐석침출수에서 산화박테리아의 존재는 뚜렷하게 나타났다. 공내수와 침출수에 대한 산소동위원소의 조성을 이용하여 계산한 결과 폐석장 내로 유입되는 산소의 약 75%는 강우에서 유래한 것이며 대기에서 유래한 산소는 약 25% 정도인 것으로 추정되었다. 또한 사면과 가까울수록 대기의 영향을 더 많이(평균 약 37～38%) 받은 것으로 조사되었다.

키워드

광산폐석장

안정동위원소조성

침출수

내부증발현상

황산화박테리아

References

고주인, 김선준, 2005, “온도 및 산소농도 단면도 작성을 통한 광산폐석장 특성화 연구”, 한국지구시스템공학회지, 제42, 6호, pp. 552-565.
김규한, 1996, 지구화학, 제1판, 민음사, 서울, p.155.
김효범, 김선준, 2005, “황동위원소를 이용한 폐탄광 주변 지하수의 오염원 추적에 관한 연구”, 한국지구시스템공학회지, 제42, 3호, pp. 233-242.
박천영, 정연중, 이인화, 1997, “철 박테리아 Thiobacillus ferrooxidans에 의한 황철석의 산화작용에 관한 연구”, Jour. Korean Earth Science Society, Vol. 18, No. 4, pp. 321-331.
유재영, 1995, “광산 배수의 산성화 및 그에 따른 환경 문제”, 대한지질학회, 대한자원환경지질학회 제 11회 공동학술강연회 발표논문집, 대한지질학회, 대한자원환경지질학회 공동학술강연회, 서울, 6월 23일, pp. 32-55.
유재영, Coleman, M., 2000, “산성 배수 내 용존 황의 동위 원소 조성 : 영동 및 강릉 탄광 사례 연구”, 지질학회지, 제36권 1호, pp. 1-10.
이광식, 이창복, 1999, “남한 강수와 하천수의 산소와 수소동위원소 조성”, 지질학회지, 제 35권, 제 1호, pp.73-84.
Craig, H., 1961, Isotopic variations in meteoric waters, Science, 133, pp. 1702-1703.
Crerar, D.A., Knox, G.W. and Means, J.L., 1979, Biogeochemistry of bog iron in the New Jersey Pine Barrens, Chemical geology, V.24, No.1/2, pp. 111-135.
Gélinas, P., Lefebvre, R. and Choquette, M., 1992, “Characterization of acid mine drainage production from a waste rock dump at La Mine Doyon, Québec”, In : Lefebvre, R., Hockley, D., Smolensky, J. and Gelinas, P., 2001, “Multiphase transfer processes in waste rock piles producing acid mine drainage 1; Conceptual model and system characterization”, Journal of Contaminant Hydrology, V. 52, pp. 137-164.
Gélinas, P., Lefebvre, R., Choquette, M., Isabel, D., Locat, J. and Guay, R., 1994, “Monitoring and modeling of acid mine drainage from waste rock dumps-La Mine Doyon case study”, In : Lefebvre, R., Hockley, D., Smolensky, J. and Gelinas, P., 2001, “Multiphase transfer processes in waste rock piles producing acid mine drainage 1; Conceptual model and system characterization”, Journal of Contaminant Hydrology, V. 52, pp. 137-164.
Gómez, J.M. and Cantero, D., 1998, Modelling of ferrous sulphate oxidation by Thiobacillus ferrooxidans in discontinuous culture: Influence of temperature, pH AND agitation rate, Journal of Fermentation and Bioengineering, V. 86, No. 1, pp. 79-83.
Hedin R. S., Nairn R. W. and Kleinmann R. L. P., 1994, Passive treatment of coal mine drainage, US Bureau of Mines IC 9389, p.35.
Kroopnick P. and Craig H., 1972, “Atmospheric oxygen: Isotopic composition and solubility fractionation”, In : Toran L. and Harris R.F., 1989, “Interpretation of sulfur and oxygen isotopes in biological and abiological sulfide oxidation”, Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta, V.53, pp. 2341-2348.
Lee, M., 1999, Management of sulfidic mine wastes and acid drainage - Handbook, Australian Centre for Mining Environmental Research (ACMER), September, 1999.
Lefebvre, R., Hockley, D., Smolensky, J. and Gelinas, P., 2001, “Multiphase transfer processes in waste rock piles producing acid mine drainage 1; Conceptual model and system characterization”, Journal of Contaminant Hydrology, V. 52, pp. 137-164.
Lundgren, D.G., Vestal, J.R. and Tabita, F.R., 1974, “The iron-oxidizing bacteria”, In : Crerar, D.A., Knox, G.W., Means, J.L., 1979, “Biogeochemistry of bog iron in the New Jersey Pine Barrens”, Chemical geology, V. 24, No. 1/2, pp. 111-135.
Nakai, N. and Jensen, M.L., 1964, “The kinetic isotope effect in bacterial reduction and oxidation of sulfur”. Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta, Vol. 28, pp. 1893-1912.
Silverman, M.P. and Lundgren, D.G., 1959, “Studies on the chemoautotrophic iron bacterium Ferrobacillus ferrooxidans, 1. An improved medium and a harvesting procedure for securing high cell yields”, Journal of Bacteriology, V. 77, 642p.
Singer, P.C. and Stumm, W.W., 1970, Acid mine drainage: the rate determining step. Sceince, V. 167, pp. 1121-1123
Skousen, J., Rose, A., Geidel, G., Foreman, J., Evans, R. and Hellier, W., 1998, Handbook of technologies for avoidance and remediation of acid mine drainage, The National Mine Land Reclamation Center, West Virginia Univ., Morgantown, WV, USA, 132p.
Sracek, O., Choquette, M., Gelinas, P., Lefevere, R. and Nicholson, R.V., 2004, “Geochemical characterization of acid mine drainage from a waste rock pile, Mine Doyon, Québec, Canada”, Journal of Contaminant Hydrology, V.69, pp. 45-71.
Stumm, W. and Morgan, J.J., 1996, Aquatic chemistry : chemical equilibria and rates in natural waters, 3rd Edition, John Wiley and Sons, New York, 1022p.
Taylor B.E., Wheeler M.C. and Nordstrom D.K., 1984, “Stable isotope geochemistry of acid mine drainage : Experimental oxidation of pyrite”, Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta, V.48, pp. 2669-2678.
Toran L. and Harris R.F., 1989, “Interpretation of sulfur and oxygen isotopes in biological and abiological sulfide oxidation”, Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta, V.53, pp. 2341-2348.

Information

Publisher :The Korean Society of Mineral and Energy Resources Engineers
Publisher(Ko) :한국자원공학회
Journal Title :Journal of the Korean Society for Geosystem Engineering
Journal Title(Ko) :한국지구시스템공학회지
Volume : 43
No :5
Pages :404-415

[1] 고주인, 김선준, 2005, “온도 및 산소농도 단면도 작성을 통한 광산폐석장 특성화 연구”, 한국지구시스템공학회지, 제42, 6호, pp. 552-565.

[2] 김규한, 1996, 지구화학, 제1판, 민음사, 서울, p.155.

[3] 김효범, 김선준, 2005, “황동위원소를 이용한 폐탄광 주변 지하수의 오염원 추적에 관한 연구”, 한국지구시스템공학회지, 제42, 3호, pp. 233-242.

[4] 박천영, 정연중, 이인화, 1997, “철 박테리아 Thiobacillus ferrooxidans에 의한 황철석의 산화작용에 관한 연구”, Jour. Korean Earth Science Society, Vol. 18, No. 4, pp. 321-331.

[5] 유재영, 1995, “광산 배수의 산성화 및 그에 따른 환경 문제”, 대한지질학회, 대한자원환경지질학회 제 11회 공동학술강연회 발표논문집, 대한지질학회, 대한자원환경지질학회 공동학술강연회, 서울, 6월 23일, pp. 32-55.

[6] 유재영, Coleman, M., 2000, “산성 배수 내 용존 황의 동위 원소 조성 : 영동 및 강릉 탄광 사례 연구”, 지질학회지, 제36권 1호, pp. 1-10.

[7] 이광식, 이창복, 1999, “남한 강수와 하천수의 산소와 수소동위원소 조성”, 지질학회지, 제 35권, 제 1호, pp.73-84.

[8] Craig, H., 1961, Isotopic variations in meteoric waters, Science, 133, pp. 1702-1703.

[9] Crerar, D.A., Knox, G.W. and Means, J.L., 1979, Biogeochemistry of bog iron in the New Jersey Pine Barrens, Chemical geology, V.24, No.1/2, pp. 111-135.

[10] Gélinas, P., Lefebvre, R. and Choquette, M., 1992, “Characterization of acid mine drainage production from a waste rock dump at La Mine Doyon, Québec”, In : Lefebvre, R., Hockley, D., Smolensky, J. and Gelinas, P., 2001, “Multiphase transfer processes in waste rock piles producing acid mine drainage 1; Conceptual model and system characterization”, Journal of Contaminant Hydrology, V. 52, pp. 137-164.

[11] Gélinas, P., Lefebvre, R., Choquette, M., Isabel, D., Locat, J. and Guay, R., 1994, “Monitoring and modeling of acid mine drainage from waste rock dumps-La Mine Doyon case study”, In : Lefebvre, R., Hockley, D., Smolensky, J. and Gelinas, P., 2001, “Multiphase transfer processes in waste rock piles producing acid mine drainage 1; Conceptual model and system characterization”, Journal of Contaminant Hydrology, V. 52, pp. 137-164.

[12] Gómez, J.M. and Cantero, D., 1998, Modelling of ferrous sulphate oxidation by Thiobacillus ferrooxidans in discontinuous culture: Influence of temperature, pH AND agitation rate, Journal of Fermentation and Bioengineering, V. 86, No. 1, pp. 79-83.

[13] Hedin R. S., Nairn R. W. and Kleinmann R. L. P., 1994, Passive treatment of coal mine drainage, US Bureau of Mines IC 9389, p.35.

[14] Kroopnick P. and Craig H., 1972, “Atmospheric oxygen: Isotopic composition and solubility fractionation”, In : Toran L. and Harris R.F., 1989, “Interpretation of sulfur and oxygen isotopes in biological and abiological sulfide oxidation”, Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta, V.53, pp. 2341-2348.

[15] Lee, M., 1999, Management of sulfidic mine wastes and acid drainage - Handbook, Australian Centre for Mining Environmental Research (ACMER), September, 1999.

[16] Lefebvre, R., Hockley, D., Smolensky, J. and Gelinas, P., 2001, “Multiphase transfer processes in waste rock piles producing acid mine drainage 1; Conceptual model and system characterization”, Journal of Contaminant Hydrology, V. 52, pp. 137-164.

[17] Lundgren, D.G., Vestal, J.R. and Tabita, F.R., 1974, “The iron-oxidizing bacteria”, In : Crerar, D.A., Knox, G.W., Means, J.L., 1979, “Biogeochemistry of bog iron in the New Jersey Pine Barrens”, Chemical geology, V. 24, No. 1/2, pp. 111-135.

[18] Nakai, N. and Jensen, M.L., 1964, “The kinetic isotope effect in bacterial reduction and oxidation of sulfur”. Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta, Vol. 28, pp. 1893-1912.

[19] Silverman, M.P. and Lundgren, D.G., 1959, “Studies on the chemoautotrophic iron bacterium Ferrobacillus ferrooxidans, 1. An improved medium and a harvesting procedure for securing high cell yields”, Journal of Bacteriology, V. 77, 642p.

[20] Singer, P.C. and Stumm, W.W., 1970, Acid mine drainage: the rate determining step. Sceince, V. 167, pp. 1121-1123

[21] Skousen, J., Rose, A., Geidel, G., Foreman, J., Evans, R. and Hellier, W., 1998, Handbook of technologies for avoidance and remediation of acid mine drainage, The National Mine Land Reclamation Center, West Virginia Univ., Morgantown, WV, USA, 132p.

[22] Sracek, O., Choquette, M., Gelinas, P., Lefevere, R. and Nicholson, R.V., 2004, “Geochemical characterization of acid mine drainage from a waste rock pile, Mine Doyon, Québec, Canada”, Journal of Contaminant Hydrology, V.69, pp. 45-71.

[23] Stumm, W. and Morgan, J.J., 1996, Aquatic chemistry : chemical equilibria and rates in natural waters, 3rd Edition, John Wiley and Sons, New York, 1022p.

[24] Taylor B.E., Wheeler M.C. and Nordstrom D.K., 1984, “Stable isotope geochemistry of acid mine drainage : Experimental oxidation of pyrite”, Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta, V.48, pp. 2669-2678.

[25] Toran L. and Harris R.F., 1989, “Interpretation of sulfur and oxygen isotopes in biological and abiological sulfide oxidation”, Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta, V.53, pp. 2341-2348.

Journal of the Korean Society of Mineral and Energy Resources Engineers ISSN:2288-0291(Print) 2288-2790(Online) 한국자원공학회지

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