Performance Evaluation of Natural Radioactivity of Mine Wastes Using
Various Shielding System

doi:10.12972/ksmer.2015.52.2.171

All Issue

2015 Vol.52, Issue 2 Preview Page Next Page

Research Paper

Performance Evaluation of Natural Radioactivity of Mine Wastes Using Various Shielding System 다양한 차폐시스템을 이용한 광산폐기물의 자연방사능 차폐성능평가: 전순원 · 정명채 · Zahra Derakhshan Nejad · Edy Puteri Tiara Maulida ·황인호 · 박제현 · 최홍일
Soon Won Jeon, Myung Chae Jung, Zahra Derakhshan Nejad, Edy Puteri Tiara Maulida,In-Ho Hwang, Je Hyeon Park and Hong Il Choe

30 April 2015. pp. 171-183

PDF

Abstract

The objective of this study is to evaluate covering system for natural radioactivity in mine wastesfrom the Boeun(jeil) mine underlain by the Okcheon black shale using various radiation shielding materialsincluding bentonite, lime(pozzolan), steel slag, thickness of covering materials and particle size of the materials.Concentrations of uranium in the wastes were 174.8 mg/kg, and the average natural radioactivity of the wasteswas 15.5 mSv/year. A large scaled in situ column system with 0.3 m3 in volume was adapted. In the column,a 80 kg of the mine waste and a 0.6 m thickness of various covering materials were filled. Among the shieldingmaterials, a column shielded with bentonite reduced up to 80% of natural radioactivity. In addition, theradioactivities were decreased with increasing thickness of covering materials irrespective of particle size andcompaction ratio of the materials. Therefore, natural radioactivity from mine waste can be controlled by coveringsystem with over 0.6 m thickness of covering materials, particularly the efficiency of the covering system filledwith mixture of gravels and covering materials will be enhanced.

Keywords

Covering materials

Natural radioactivity

Mine wastes

Covering system

Black shales

이 연구의 목적은 옥천대 흑색 셰일이 분포하는 지역인 보은광산 주변 광산폐기물을 대상으로 벤토나이트, 소석회(포졸란공법), 제강슬래그 등의 차폐재, 복토재 두께 및 입자크기 등을 적용하여 자연방사능의 수준변화 특성을 평가하는 것이다. 채취한 광산폐기물(광물찌꺼기와 폐석 등)의 평균 우라늄함량은 174.8 mg/kg이었으며, 광산폐기물의 주변 자연방사능을 측정한 결과 연간 평균 15.5 mSv의 방사선량이 확인되었다. 차폐특성을평가하기 위하여 내부 부피가 0.3 m3인 대형 컬럼을 현장에 설치하고 광산폐기물 80 kg(0.3 m)을 충진한 후,그 상부에 0.6 m 두께의 다양한 차폐재를 충진하였다. 차폐성능을 평가한 결과, 벤토나이트로 충진한 경우 초기자연방사능의 80% 이상을 저감할 수 있었다. 또한, 복토재는 입자의 크기 및 다짐 정도에 관계없이 충진 두께가증가될수록 차폐능이 증가되어 연간방사선량 기준과 근접한 수준까지 저감되었다. 따라서 경제성과 현장 적용성을 고려한다면 상기 차폐 두께를 최소 0.6 m 전후로 충진할 경우 적절한 자연방사능 차폐가 가능하며, 특히자갈과 함께 충진할 경우에는 차폐효율이 더욱 증가될 것으로 판단된다.

키워드

차폐재

자연방사능

광산폐기물

차폐시스템

흑색 셰일

References

Baik, M.H. and Cho, W.J., 2006, “An experimental study on the of uranium(VI) onto a bentonite colloid,” J. of the Korea Radioactive Waste Society, Vol. 4, No. 3, pp. 235-243.
Chang, C.I., 1993, “A study on the evaluation of radiation shielding performance for the medical radiology department,” Master thesis Chonnam National University, pp. 1-205.
Chang, S.E. and Lee, M.H., 2008, “Characterization and feasibility study of the soil washing process applying to the soil having high uranium concentration in Korea,” J. Korea Society of Soil and Groundwater Environ, Vol. 13, No. 5, pp. 8-19.
Cho, B.W., Kim, M.S., Kim, T.S., Yun, U., Lee, B.D., Hwang, J.H. and Choo, C.O., 2013, “Characteristics of occurrence and distribution of natural radioactive materials, uranium and radon in groundwater of the Danyang area,” J. Korea of Engineering Geology, Vol. 23, No. 4, pp. 477-491.
Choe, S.K., “Dispersion of radionuclides and heavy metals in soils derived from uraniferous blakshale of the Duckpyung area,” Ph.D. thesis Yonsei University, pp. 1-174.
Chon, H.T. and Jung, M.C., 1991, “Dispersion of toxic elements in the area covered with uranium-bearing black shales in Korea,” J. Korean Inst. Mining Geol., Vol. 24, No. 3, pp. 245-260.
Chung, D.Y. and Cho, I.S., 2005, “Occurrence and distribution of heavy metals and natural radioisotopes recovered at the abandoned coal mine tailings,” J. Korea of Soil Science & fertilizer, Vol. 38, No. 3, pp. 142-149.
Dinis, M.L. and Fiuza, A., 2011, “Modeling of a Optimized Multilayer Cover Design for a Uranium Mill Tailings Disposal-11607,” MW2011 Conference
Ham, T.G., 2007, “An experimental study on compaction characteristics of gravel-mixed decomposed granite soil,” J. Korea Society of Geotechnical, Vol. 23, No. 11, pp. 59-66.
Ho, C.K., Arnold, B.W. and Cochran, J.R., 2002b, “Development of a Risk-Based Probabilistic Performance-Assessment Mothod for Long-Term Cover Systems-2nd Edition,” SAND2002-3131.
Ho, C.K., Arnold, B.W., Cochran, J.R. and Taira R.Y., 2002a, “Risk-Based Performance Assessments for Long- Term Cover Systems: Sensitivity and Uncertainty Analyses,” Spectrum 2002 Conference.
Hwang, J., 2010, “Hydrochemistry of groundwater in the uraniferous sedimentary rocks of the Ogcheon belt, republic of Korea,” J. Korean Earth Science Society, Vol. 31, No. 3, pp. 205-213.
Jeon, S.R., Shin, I.J. and Lee, K.S., 2001, “Geochemistry of stream water around the abandoned Boeun coal mine, Hoenam area,” J. Korean of Environ Agriculture., Vol. 20, No. 1, pp. 22-27.
Jeon, S.W., Jung, M.C., Jeong, S.H., Kwon, Y.S., Kim, J.Y., Hwang, I.H., Lee, J.S., Choe, H.I., Akmaral, N., Dadan, S., Fiki, H., Kusumah, P. and Hong, S.H., 2013, “Reduction Characteristics of Natural Radioactivity from Mine Tailings with Various Covering Materials According to Thickness,” J. Korean Society of Mineral and Energy Resources Engineers, Vol. 50, No. 1, pp. 134-143.
Jeong, C.H., 1999, “Assessment of physicochemical properties of domestic bentonite and zeolite as candidate materials for a engineered barrier in a radwaste repository,” J. Korean of Engineering Geology, Vol. 9, No. 2, pp. 89-100.
Kim, J.M., Cho, S.H., Kwon, K.J. and Kim, M.H., 2005, “An experimental study on the engineering properties of radiation shielding concrete according to the replacement ratio of rapid-chilled steel fine aggregate,” J. Architectural Institute of Korea Structure & Construction, Vol. 21, No. 3, pp. 121-128.
Kim, J.S. and Chon, H.T., 1997, “Dispersion and Enrichment of potentially toxic elements in Chubu area covered with black shales and slates in Korea,” Econ. Environ. Geol., Vol. 30, No. 2, pp. 89-103.
Kim, W.S. and Min, K.N., 2006, “Petrochemical study of igneous rocks occurring in the northwestern part of keumsan area, Chungnam-do,” J. Korea Society of Miner., Vol. 19, No. 2, pp. 99-109.
Kim, Y.K., Jung, M.C., Kim, J.Y., Kim, Y.S., Lee, J.S. and Park, K.I., 2011, “ Evaluation of surface water-preventing materials on stabilization of contaminants in tailings,” J. Korea Soil and Groundwater Environment, Vol. 16, No. 4, pp. 53-61.
Korea Institute of Nuclear Safety, 2009, “Radiation environment of Korea,” (KINS/GR-356)
KORES, 2011, Reserves of mineral resources status, Korea Resources Corporation, p. 184.
Lee, D.J., 1986, “Mineralogy of low-grade uranium ores in the black slate of the Ogcheon group, Korea,” J. Korean Inst. Mining Geol., Vol. 19, No. 2, pp. 133-146.
Lee, J.S., Chon, H.T. and Kim, K.W., 1996, “Dispersion and enrichment of potentially toxic elements in the Chungjoo area covered with black shales in Korea,” Econ. Environ. Geol., Vol. 29, No. 4, pp. 495-508.
Lee, J.S., Chon, H.T. and Kim, K.W., 1997, “Dispersion and migration of potentially toxic elements in the rock-soil-plant system from the Boeun Area underlain by black shales, Korea,” Econ. Environ. Geol., Vol. 30, No. 6, pp. 587-601.
Lee, J.S., Park, J.H. and Park, J.H., 2008, “Field estimation of the pozzolanic activity process containing mine tailings,” J, Mine Reclamation Technology and Policy, Vol. 2, No. 1, pp. 91-101.
Lee, M.S. and Chon, H.T., 1980, “Geochemical correlations between uranium and other components in U-bearing formations of Ogcheon belt,” J. Korean Inst. Mining Geol., Vol. 13, No. 4, pp. 241-246.
Leoni, G.L.M., Soares, M.S. and Fernandes, A.H.M., 2004, “Computational modelling of final covers for uranium mill tailings impoundments,” Journal of Hazardous Meterials, 110, pp. 139-149.
Lim, H.S. and Lee, H.S., 2010, “A fundamental study on the steel aggregate preparation for radiation shielding concrete,” Proc. of the 2^nd Conference Institute of Building Construction, Vol. 10, No. 2, pp. 125-128.
Mudd, G.M., 2000, “Remediation of Uranium Mill Tailings Wastes in Australia : A Critical Review, Contaminated Site Remediation : From Source Zones to Ecosystems,” Proc. of the 2^nd Conference, pp. 777-784.
National Emergency Management Agency 2006, “Development of risk assessment and mitigation technique for uranium and radon from geologic environment.”
Park, J.B., Lee, B.C., Jang, M.H. and Na, H.H., 2012, “Environmental characteristics of leachates from steel slag,” J. Korea Geosynthetics Society, Vol. 11, No. 2, pp. 31-38.
Shim, J.C., Moon, H.S. and Oh, J.H., 1995, “Mineralogy of graphitic nodules distributed in black shale in the Ogcheon group,” J. Miner. Soc. Korea., Vol. 8, pp. 108- 117.
Shin, D.C., Kim, Y.S., Moon, J.Y., Park, H.S., Kim, J.Y. and Park, S.K., 2002, “Interantional trends in risk management of groundwater radionuslids,” J. Korean of Environ Toxicol, Vol. 17, No. 4, pp. 273-284.
Waugh, W.J., Kastens, M.K. and Sheader, L.R.L., 2008, “Monitoring the Performance of an Alternative Landfill Cover at the Monticello, Utah, Uranium Mill Tailings Disposal Site,” WM2008 Conference.

Information

Publisher :The Korean Society of Mineral and Energy Resources Engineers
Publisher(Ko) :한국자원공학회
Journal Title :Journal of the Korean Society of Mineral and Energy Resources Engineers
Journal Title(Ko) :한국자원공학회지
Volume : 52
No :2
Pages :171-183
DOI :https://doi.org/10.12972/ksmer.2015.52.2.171

[1] Baik, M.H. and Cho, W.J., 2006, “An experimental study on the of uranium(VI) onto a bentonite colloid,” J. of the Korea Radioactive Waste Society, Vol. 4, No. 3, pp. 235-243.

[2] Chang, C.I., 1993, “A study on the evaluation of radiation shielding performance for the medical radiology department,” Master thesis Chonnam National University, pp. 1-205.

[3] Chang, S.E. and Lee, M.H., 2008, “Characterization and feasibility study of the soil washing process applying to the soil having high uranium concentration in Korea,” J. Korea Society of Soil and Groundwater Environ, Vol. 13, No. 5, pp. 8-19.

[4] Cho, B.W., Kim, M.S., Kim, T.S., Yun, U., Lee, B.D., Hwang, J.H. and Choo, C.O., 2013, “Characteristics of occurrence and distribution of natural radioactive materials, uranium and radon in groundwater of the Danyang area,” J. Korea of Engineering Geology, Vol. 23, No. 4, pp. 477-491.

[5] Choe, S.K., “Dispersion of radionuclides and heavy metals in soils derived from uraniferous blakshale of the Duckpyung area,” Ph.D. thesis Yonsei University, pp. 1-174.

[6] Chon, H.T. and Jung, M.C., 1991, “Dispersion of toxic elements in the area covered with uranium-bearing black shales in Korea,” J. Korean Inst. Mining Geol., Vol. 24, No. 3, pp. 245-260.

[7] Chung, D.Y. and Cho, I.S., 2005, “Occurrence and distribution of heavy metals and natural radioisotopes recovered at the abandoned coal mine tailings,” J. Korea of Soil Science & fertilizer, Vol. 38, No. 3, pp. 142-149.

[8] Dinis, M.L. and Fiuza, A., 2011, “Modeling of a Optimized Multilayer Cover Design for a Uranium Mill Tailings Disposal-11607,” MW2011 Conference

[9] Ham, T.G., 2007, “An experimental study on compaction characteristics of gravel-mixed decomposed granite soil,” J. Korea Society of Geotechnical, Vol. 23, No. 11, pp. 59-66.

[10] Ho, C.K., Arnold, B.W. and Cochran, J.R., 2002b, “Development of a Risk-Based Probabilistic Performance-Assessment Mothod for Long-Term Cover Systems-2nd Edition,” SAND2002-3131.

[11] Ho, C.K., Arnold, B.W., Cochran, J.R. and Taira R.Y., 2002a, “Risk-Based Performance Assessments for Long- Term Cover Systems: Sensitivity and Uncertainty Analyses,” Spectrum 2002 Conference.

[12] Hwang, J., 2010, “Hydrochemistry of groundwater in the uraniferous sedimentary rocks of the Ogcheon belt, republic of Korea,” J. Korean Earth Science Society, Vol. 31, No. 3, pp. 205-213.

[13] Jeon, S.R., Shin, I.J. and Lee, K.S., 2001, “Geochemistry of stream water around the abandoned Boeun coal mine, Hoenam area,” J. Korean of Environ Agriculture., Vol. 20, No. 1, pp. 22-27.

[14] Jeon, S.W., Jung, M.C., Jeong, S.H., Kwon, Y.S., Kim, J.Y., Hwang, I.H., Lee, J.S., Choe, H.I., Akmaral, N., Dadan, S., Fiki, H., Kusumah, P. and Hong, S.H., 2013, “Reduction Characteristics of Natural Radioactivity from Mine Tailings with Various Covering Materials According to Thickness,” J. Korean Society of Mineral and Energy Resources Engineers, Vol. 50, No. 1, pp. 134-143.

[15] Jeong, C.H., 1999, “Assessment of physicochemical properties of domestic bentonite and zeolite as candidate materials for a engineered barrier in a radwaste repository,” J. Korean of Engineering Geology, Vol. 9, No. 2, pp. 89-100.

[16] Kim, J.M., Cho, S.H., Kwon, K.J. and Kim, M.H., 2005, “An experimental study on the engineering properties of radiation shielding concrete according to the replacement ratio of rapid-chilled steel fine aggregate,” J. Architectural Institute of Korea Structure & Construction, Vol. 21, No. 3, pp. 121-128.

[17] Kim, J.S. and Chon, H.T., 1997, “Dispersion and Enrichment of potentially toxic elements in Chubu area covered with black shales and slates in Korea,” Econ. Environ. Geol., Vol. 30, No. 2, pp. 89-103.

[18] Kim, W.S. and Min, K.N., 2006, “Petrochemical study of igneous rocks occurring in the northwestern part of keumsan area, Chungnam-do,” J. Korea Society of Miner., Vol. 19, No. 2, pp. 99-109.

[19] Kim, Y.K., Jung, M.C., Kim, J.Y., Kim, Y.S., Lee, J.S. and Park, K.I., 2011, “ Evaluation of surface water-preventing materials on stabilization of contaminants in tailings,” J. Korea Soil and Groundwater Environment, Vol. 16, No. 4, pp. 53-61.

[20] Korea Institute of Nuclear Safety, 2009, “Radiation environment of Korea,” (KINS/GR-356)

[21] KORES, 2011, Reserves of mineral resources status, Korea Resources Corporation, p. 184.

[22] Lee, D.J., 1986, “Mineralogy of low-grade uranium ores in the black slate of the Ogcheon group, Korea,” J. Korean Inst. Mining Geol., Vol. 19, No. 2, pp. 133-146.

[23] Lee, J.S., Chon, H.T. and Kim, K.W., 1996, “Dispersion and enrichment of potentially toxic elements in the Chungjoo area covered with black shales in Korea,” Econ. Environ. Geol., Vol. 29, No. 4, pp. 495-508.

[24] Lee, J.S., Chon, H.T. and Kim, K.W., 1997, “Dispersion and migration of potentially toxic elements in the rock-soil-plant system from the Boeun Area underlain by black shales, Korea,” Econ. Environ. Geol., Vol. 30, No. 6, pp. 587-601.

[25] Lee, J.S., Park, J.H. and Park, J.H., 2008, “Field estimation of the pozzolanic activity process containing mine tailings,” J, Mine Reclamation Technology and Policy, Vol. 2, No. 1, pp. 91-101.

[26] Lee, M.S. and Chon, H.T., 1980, “Geochemical correlations between uranium and other components in U-bearing formations of Ogcheon belt,” J. Korean Inst. Mining Geol., Vol. 13, No. 4, pp. 241-246.

[27] Leoni, G.L.M., Soares, M.S. and Fernandes, A.H.M., 2004, “Computational modelling of final covers for uranium mill tailings impoundments,” Journal of Hazardous Meterials, 110, pp. 139-149.

[28] Lim, H.S. and Lee, H.S., 2010, “A fundamental study on the steel aggregate preparation for radiation shielding concrete,” Proc. of the 2^nd Conference Institute of Building Construction, Vol. 10, No. 2, pp. 125-128.

[29] Mudd, G.M., 2000, “Remediation of Uranium Mill Tailings Wastes in Australia : A Critical Review, Contaminated Site Remediation : From Source Zones to Ecosystems,” Proc. of the 2^nd Conference, pp. 777-784.

[30] National Emergency Management Agency 2006, “Development of risk assessment and mitigation technique for uranium and radon from geologic environment.”

[31] Park, J.B., Lee, B.C., Jang, M.H. and Na, H.H., 2012, “Environmental characteristics of leachates from steel slag,” J. Korea Geosynthetics Society, Vol. 11, No. 2, pp. 31-38.

[32] Shim, J.C., Moon, H.S. and Oh, J.H., 1995, “Mineralogy of graphitic nodules distributed in black shale in the Ogcheon group,” J. Miner. Soc. Korea., Vol. 8, pp. 108- 117.

[33] Shin, D.C., Kim, Y.S., Moon, J.Y., Park, H.S., Kim, J.Y. and Park, S.K., 2002, “Interantional trends in risk management of groundwater radionuslids,” J. Korean of Environ Toxicol, Vol. 17, No. 4, pp. 273-284.

[34] Waugh, W.J., Kastens, M.K. and Sheader, L.R.L., 2008, “Monitoring the Performance of an Alternative Landfill Cover at the Monticello, Utah, Uranium Mill Tailings Disposal Site,” WM2008 Conference.

Journal of the Korean Society of Mineral and Energy Resources Engineers ISSN:2288-0291(Print) 2288-2790(Online) 한국자원공학회지

All Issue