The Study on Characterization through the Temperature and Oxygen Concentration Profiles in AMD Producing Waste Rock Pile

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2005 Vol.42, Issue 6 Preview Page Next Page

The Study on Characterization through the Temperature and Oxygen Concentration Profiles in AMD Producing Waste Rock Pile 온도 및 산소농도 단면도 작성을 통한 광산폐석장 특성화 연구: 고주인, 김선준
Ju-In Ko and Sun-Joon Kim

31 December 2005. pp. 552-565

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Abstract

The Dongwon-wooseong coal mine was selected as a study area which is located at Sabuk, Jeongseon, Gangwon-do, Korea. Four drilling holes on waste rock pile were selected using electrical resistivity survey and seismic survey for the characterization of waste rock pile. The cores from each drill hole were collected and analyzed for Acid Base Accounting(ABA) test. The depth profile of temperatures and oxygen concentrations in four holes were measured. In addition seepages from the waste rock pile and precipitation were collected and analyzed for physicochemical properties(e.g. pH, temperature, Fe, Al, Mn, SO42-) and stable isotope ratio. Physicochemical properties of waste rock pile seepage exhibited the oxidation of sulfide minerals(e.g. pyrite). ABA test results of waste rocks indicated that acid producing potential is very highly. The increasing temperature with depths in drill hole apparently exhibits the oxidation of sulfide minerals. Different oxygen contents were also observed with depths at each drill hole. Temperature in hole No.3 and 4, near the boundary of the waste rock pile is higher about 3℃ and 1℃ than the holes No.1 and 2. Also, oxygen content in hole No.3 does not decrease with depth and is maintained at the level of the atmospheric content. Also, it was assumed that seepage would flow in the direction of holes No.1, 2, and 3 and new seepage would flow from holes No.1 to 4. From the results of monitoring oxygen concentrations in all of 4 holes, it was assumed that groundwater channels be formed and expanded inside the waste rock file by water infiltration.

Keywords

Waste rock pile

Acid Base Accounting

Physicochemical properties

Stable isotope

Sulfide minerals

광산폐석장 특성화 연구를 위해 동원-우성탄광 폐석장의 전기비저항탐사 및 탄성파탐사 결과 자료를 검토한 후 4개의 시추공을 착정 하여, 각 시추공에서 심도별 온도 및 산소농도를 측정하였다. 또한 폐석시료를 채취하여 ABA(Acid Base Accounting) test를 수행하였고, 폐석장에서 발생되는 침출수 및 지역강우를 채취하여 물리화학적 특성(pH, 온도, Fe, Al, Mn 및 SO42- 농도 등)과 안정동위원소분석을 실시하였다. 침출수의 수질 분석 결과, 폐석장 내부에서 황철석 등의 황화광물 산화가 활발하게 이루어지고 있음을 파악할 수 있었고, 폐석에 대한 ABA test 결과 산 발생 가능성이 높은 것으로 조사되었다. 시추공의 심도별 온도 측정 결과에서도 광산폐석장 내부에서 황철석 등의 황화광물 산화에 의한 온도 증가 현상을 확인 할 수 있었고, 심도별 산소농도 측정 결과로 페석장내 각 시추공의 깊이에 따라 공급되는 산소의 양이 다른 것을 확인할 수 있었다. 폐석장의 사면 근처에 존재하는 3, 4호 시추공내 온도는 1, 2호 시추공보다 약 1～3℃ 높게 조사되었다. 심도별 산소농도 측정 결과 폐석장의 사면 가까이에 존재하는 시추공인 3호 시추공에서는 폐석장 심부까지 대기와 비슷한 약 20%의 산소가 공급되고 있었다. 또한 침출수의 유동경로로 추정되는 1, 2, 3호 시추공과 새로운 침출수 경로로 예상되는 1, 4호 시추공의 산소농도 모니터링 결과는 폐석장내로 유입되는 물에 의해 폐석장 하부 지하유로의 형성 및 확장을 예상하게 한다.

키워드

광산폐석장

Acid Base Accounting

물리화학적 특성

안정동위원소

황화광물

References

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김효범, 지상우, 고주인, 강희태, 김재욱, 김선준, 2004, “황동위원소를 이용한 폐탄광 주변 지하수의 오염원 추적에 관한연구”, 한국지구시스템공학회 춘계학술발표회 논문집, 한국지구시스템공학회, 춘천, 4월16일, pp. 9-14.
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박천영, 정연중, 이인화, 1997, “철박테리아Thiobacillus ferrooxidans에 의한 황철석의 산화작용에 관한 연구”,
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유재영, Coleman, M., 2000, “산성 배수 내 용존 황의 동위 원소 조성: 영동 및 강릉 탄광 사례 연구”, 지질학회지, 제36권, 제1호, pp. 1-10.
유재영, 최인규, 1994, “태백탄전지대의 비정질 철수산화 물에 대한 희귀원소의 흡착”, 지하수환경, Vol.1, No.1, pp. 23-32.
이광식, 이창복, 1999, “남한 강수와 하천수의 산소와 수소 동위원소 조성”, 지질학회지, 제35권, 제1호, pp. 73-84.
이기철, 이승길, 한인호, 최광호, 정덕영, 1999, “금정광산 주변 토양의 중금속 오염현황 및 그 처리 방안”, 한국토양환경학회지, Vol.4, No.1 pp. 25-34.
정영욱, Ian Thornton, 1994, “강원도 상동지역 옥동천의 광산산성수 및 하상퇴적물의 중금속오염”, 자원환경지질, Vol.27, No.1, pp. 101-113.
정영욱, 홍성규, 2001, 황화광물에 의한 지반의 부식 특성 기초연구, 한국지질자원연구원, 2001 기2초기반연구사업보고서, pp. 1-30.
지상우, 김선준, 2003, “산성광산배수에 의한 한창탄광 부근 지하수의 오염과 자연정화처리시설 효율에 관한 연구”, 지하수토양환경학회지, 8권8, 2호2, pp. 9-18.
Beck, J.V., 1960, “A ferrous-iron-oxidizing bacterium. I. Isolation and some general physiological characteristics”, Journal of Bacteriology, V.79, pp. 502-509.
Craig, H., 1961, Isotopic variations in meteoric waters, Science, 133, pp. 1702-1703.
Durgan, P.R., 1972, “Biochemical Ecology and Water Pollution”, In : Harries, J. R. and Ritchie, A. I. M., 1981, “The use of temperature profiles to estimate the pyrite oxidation rate in a waste rock dump from an open-cut mine”, Water, Air and Soil Pollution, 15, pp. 405-423.
Eager, P. and Wagner, J., 2003, Wetland treatment systems - How long will they really work? , Sudbury 2003 Mining and the Environment, Sudbury, Ontario, Canada, p. 14.
Ehrlich, H. L., 1978, “How microbes cope with heavy metals”, In : Harries, J. R. and Ritchie, A. I. M., 1981, “The use of temperature profiles to estimate the pyrite oxidation rate in a waste rock dump from an open-cut mine”, Water, Air and Soil Pollution, 15, pp. 405-423.
Gélinas, P., Lefebvre, R., Choquette, M., Isabel, D., Locat, J., Guay, R., 1994, “Monitoring and modeling of acid mine drainage from waste rock dumps-La Mine Doyon case study”, In : Lefebvre, R., Hockley, D., Smolensky, J., Gelinas, P., 2001, “Multiphase transfer processes in waste rock piles producing acid mine drainage 1; Conceptual model and system characterization”, Journal of Contaminant Hydrology, V.52, pp. 137-164.
Harries, J. R. and Ritchie, A. I. M., 1981, “The use of temperature profiles to estimate the pyrite oxidation rate in a waste rock dump from an open-cut mine, Water”, Air and Soil Pollution, 15, pp. 405-423.
Harries, J. R. and Ritchie, A. I. M., 1985, “Pore gas composition in waste rock dumps undergoing pyritic oxidation”, Soil science, V.140, No.2, pp. 143-152.
Hedin, R.S., Narin, R.W and Kleinmann, R.L.P., 1994a, Passive treatment of coal mine drainage, US Bureau of Mines IC9389, p. 35.
Hockley, D., Delaney, T., Smolensky, J., 1995, “Modeling acidic drainage from waste rock pile”, In : Lefebvre, R., Hockley, D., Smolensky, J., Gelinas, P., 2001, “Multiphase transfer processes in waste rock piles producing acid mine drainage 1; Conceptual model and system characterization”, Journal of Contaminant Hydrology, V.52, pp. 137-164.
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Lefebvre, R., Hockley, D., Smolensky, J., Gelinas, P., 2001, “Multiphase transfer processes in waste rock piles producing acid mine drainage 1; Conceptual model and system characterization”, Journal of Contaminant Hydrology, V.52, pp.137-164
Lundgren, D.G., Vestal, J.R. and Tabita, F.R., 1974, “The iron-oxidizing bacteria”, In : Crerar, D.A., Knox, G.W., Means, J.L., 1979, “Biogeochemistry of bog iron in the New Jersey Pine Barrens”, Chemical geology, V.24, No.1/2, pp. 111-135.
Nairn, R.W. and Mercer, M.N., 2000, “Alkalinity generation and metals retention in a successive alkalinity
producing system”, Mine Water and the Environment, Vol.19, pp. 124-133.
Nakai, N. and Jensen, M.L., 1964, “The kinetic isotope effect in bacterial reduction and oxidation of sulfur”. Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta , Vol.28, pp. 1893-1912.
Sato, M., 1960, “Oxidation of sulfide ore bodies Ⅰ. Oxidation mechanisms of sulfide minerals at 25℃”, Economic Geology, Vol.55, pp. 1202-1231.
Silverman, M.P. and Lundgren, D.G., 1959, “Studies on the chemoautotrophic iron bacterium Ferrobacillus ferrooxidans, 1. An improved medium and a harvesting procedure for securing high cell yields”, Journal of Bacteriology, V.77, p. 642.
Sobek, A.A., Schuller, W.A., Freeman, J.A. and Smith, R.M., 1978, Field and laboratory methods applicable to overburdens and minesoils, EPA-600/2-78-054, USEPA, p. 195.
Sracek, O., Choquette, M., Gelinas, P., Lefevere, R. and Nicholson, R.V., 2004, “Geochemical characterization of acid mine drainage from a waste rock pile, Mine Doyon, Quebec, Canada”, Journal of Contaminant Hydrology, V.69, pp. 45-71.
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Taylor B.E., Wheeler M.C. and Nordstrom D.K., 1984, “Stable isotope geochemistry of acid mine drainage : Experimental oxidation of pyrite”, Geochimica el Cosmochimica Acta , V.48, pp. 2669-2678.

Information

Publisher :The Korean Society of Mineral and Energy Resources Engineers
Publisher(Ko) :한국자원공학회
Journal Title :Journal of the Korean Society for Geosystem Engineering
Journal Title(Ko) :한국지구시스템공학회지
Volume : 42
No :6
Pages :552-565

[1] 고주인, 지상우, 이현석, 전용원, 강희태, 김선준, 2003, “폐광산폐석에의한환경오염저감기술개발기초연구”, 한국지하수토양환경학회추계학술발표회논문집, (사)한국지하수토양환경학회, 제주, 9월26-27일-, pp. 386-390.

[2] 김효범, 지상우, 고주인, 강희태, 김재욱, 김선준, 2004, “황동위원소를 이용한 폐탄광 주변 지하수의 오염원 추적에 관한연구”, 한국지구시스템공학회 춘계학술발표회 논문집, 한국지구시스템공학회, 춘천, 4월16일, pp. 9-14.

[3] 민정식, 권광수, 조원재, 홍영국, 홍성규, 정영욱, 1995, 폐광에 따른 광산지역 환경개선 연구(폐수, 폐석), 석탄합리화사업단 기술총서95-02, p. 268.

[4] 박천영, 정연중, 이인화, 1997, “철박테리아Thiobacillus ferrooxidans에 의한 황철석의 산화작용에 관한 연구”,

[5] Jour. Korean Earth Science Society, Vol.18, No.4, pp. 321-331.

[6] 유재영, Coleman, M., 2000, “산성 배수 내 용존 황의 동위 원소 조성: 영동 및 강릉 탄광 사례 연구”, 지질학회지, 제36권, 제1호, pp. 1-10.

[7] 유재영, 최인규, 1994, “태백탄전지대의 비정질 철수산화 물에 대한 희귀원소의 흡착”, 지하수환경, Vol.1, No.1, pp. 23-32.

[8] 이광식, 이창복, 1999, “남한 강수와 하천수의 산소와 수소 동위원소 조성”, 지질학회지, 제35권, 제1호, pp. 73-84.

[9] 이기철, 이승길, 한인호, 최광호, 정덕영, 1999, “금정광산 주변 토양의 중금속 오염현황 및 그 처리 방안”, 한국토양환경학회지, Vol.4, No.1 pp. 25-34.

[10] 정영욱, Ian Thornton, 1994, “강원도 상동지역 옥동천의 광산산성수 및 하상퇴적물의 중금속오염”, 자원환경지질, Vol.27, No.1, pp. 101-113.

[11] 정영욱, 홍성규, 2001, 황화광물에 의한 지반의 부식 특성 기초연구, 한국지질자원연구원, 2001 기2초기반연구사업보고서, pp. 1-30.

[12] 지상우, 김선준, 2003, “산성광산배수에 의한 한창탄광 부근 지하수의 오염과 자연정화처리시설 효율에 관한 연구”, 지하수토양환경학회지, 8권8, 2호2, pp. 9-18.

[13] Beck, J.V., 1960, “A ferrous-iron-oxidizing bacterium. I. Isolation and some general physiological characteristics”, Journal of Bacteriology, V.79, pp. 502-509.

[14] Craig, H., 1961, Isotopic variations in meteoric waters, Science, 133, pp. 1702-1703.

[15] Durgan, P.R., 1972, “Biochemical Ecology and Water Pollution”, In : Harries, J. R. and Ritchie, A. I. M., 1981, “The use of temperature profiles to estimate the pyrite oxidation rate in a waste rock dump from an open-cut mine”, Water, Air and Soil Pollution, 15, pp. 405-423.

[16] Eager, P. and Wagner, J., 2003, Wetland treatment systems - How long will they really work? , Sudbury 2003 Mining and the Environment, Sudbury, Ontario, Canada, p. 14.

[17] Ehrlich, H. L., 1978, “How microbes cope with heavy metals”, In : Harries, J. R. and Ritchie, A. I. M., 1981, “The use of temperature profiles to estimate the pyrite oxidation rate in a waste rock dump from an open-cut mine”, Water, Air and Soil Pollution, 15, pp. 405-423.

[18] Gélinas, P., Lefebvre, R., Choquette, M., Isabel, D., Locat, J., Guay, R., 1994, “Monitoring and modeling of acid mine drainage from waste rock dumps-La Mine Doyon case study”, In : Lefebvre, R., Hockley, D., Smolensky, J., Gelinas, P., 2001, “Multiphase transfer processes in waste rock piles producing acid mine drainage 1; Conceptual model and system characterization”, Journal of Contaminant Hydrology, V.52, pp. 137-164.

[19] Harries, J. R. and Ritchie, A. I. M., 1981, “The use of temperature profiles to estimate the pyrite oxidation rate in a waste rock dump from an open-cut mine, Water”, Air and Soil Pollution, 15, pp. 405-423.

[20] Harries, J. R. and Ritchie, A. I. M., 1985, “Pore gas composition in waste rock dumps undergoing pyritic oxidation”, Soil science, V.140, No.2, pp. 143-152.

[21] Hedin, R.S., Narin, R.W and Kleinmann, R.L.P., 1994a, Passive treatment of coal mine drainage, US Bureau of Mines IC9389, p. 35.

[22] Hockley, D., Delaney, T., Smolensky, J., 1995, “Modeling acidic drainage from waste rock pile”, In : Lefebvre, R., Hockley, D., Smolensky, J., Gelinas, P., 2001, “Multiphase transfer processes in waste rock piles producing acid mine drainage 1; Conceptual model and system characterization”, Journal of Contaminant Hydrology, V.52, pp. 137-164.

[23] Lee M., 1999, Management of sulfidic mine wastes and acid drainage - Handbook, Australian Centre for Mining Environmental Research (ACMER), September, 1999

[24] Lefebvre, R., Hockley, D., Smolensky, J., Gelinas, P., 2001, “Multiphase transfer processes in waste rock piles producing acid mine drainage 1; Conceptual model and system characterization”, Journal of Contaminant Hydrology, V.52, pp.137-164

[25] Lundgren, D.G., Vestal, J.R. and Tabita, F.R., 1974, “The iron-oxidizing bacteria”, In : Crerar, D.A., Knox, G.W., Means, J.L., 1979, “Biogeochemistry of bog iron in the New Jersey Pine Barrens”, Chemical geology, V.24, No.1/2, pp. 111-135.

[26] Nairn, R.W. and Mercer, M.N., 2000, “Alkalinity generation and metals retention in a successive alkalinity

[27] producing system”, Mine Water and the Environment, Vol.19, pp. 124-133.

[28] Nakai, N. and Jensen, M.L., 1964, “The kinetic isotope effect in bacterial reduction and oxidation of sulfur”. Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta , Vol.28, pp. 1893-1912.

[29] Sato, M., 1960, “Oxidation of sulfide ore bodies Ⅰ. Oxidation mechanisms of sulfide minerals at 25℃”, Economic Geology, Vol.55, pp. 1202-1231.

[30] Silverman, M.P. and Lundgren, D.G., 1959, “Studies on the chemoautotrophic iron bacterium Ferrobacillus ferrooxidans, 1. An improved medium and a harvesting procedure for securing high cell yields”, Journal of Bacteriology, V.77, p. 642.

[31] Sobek, A.A., Schuller, W.A., Freeman, J.A. and Smith, R.M., 1978, Field and laboratory methods applicable to overburdens and minesoils, EPA-600/2-78-054, USEPA, p. 195.

[32] Sracek, O., Choquette, M., Gelinas, P., Lefevere, R. and Nicholson, R.V., 2004, “Geochemical characterization of acid mine drainage from a waste rock pile, Mine Doyon, Quebec, Canada”, Journal of Contaminant Hydrology, V.69, pp. 45-71.

[33] Stumm, W. and Morgan, J.J., 1996, Aquatic chemistry : chemical equilibria and rates in natural waters, 3rd Edition, John Wiley and Sons, New York, p. 1022.

[34] Taylor B.E., Wheeler M.C. and Nordstrom D.K., 1984, “Stable isotope geochemistry of acid mine drainage : Experimental oxidation of pyrite”, Geochimica el Cosmochimica Acta , V.48, pp. 2669-2678.

Journal of the Korean Society of Mineral and Energy Resources Engineers ISSN:2288-0291(Print) 2288-2790(Online) 한국자원공학회지

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