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2023 Vol.60, Issue 5S Preview Page

General Remarks (Special Issue)

A Comparative Analysis of the Critical Minerals’ Regulatory Framework and Governance in the United States and European Union

미국과 EU의 핵심광물 공급 정책 및 거버넌스 비교 분석

Junhyeok Park1
,
Jaehyun Lee12
,
Seong-Jun Cho1*
박 준혁1
,
이 재현12
,
조 성준1*
1Mineral Resources Division, Korea Institute of Geoscience and Mineral Resources, Daejeon, Korea
2University of Illinois, Urbana-Champaign, USA
1한국지질자원연구원 광물자원연구본부
2일리노이대학교 자원환경과학과
*Corresponding Author
31 October 2023. pp. 348-365
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Abstract

There has been a significant escalation in the demand for critical minerals, in line with net-zero and energy transition goals, driven by the rise of electric vehicles, batteries, and renewable energy. This rapid increase in demand, coupled with geopolitical tensions, is impacting the raw material supply chains of strategic industries. In response, both the US and EU are formulating various legislative measures to ensure a stable supply chain and facilitate their domestic markets. The supply chain for these critical minerals requires close cooperation between various sectors such as industry, diplomacy, and trade, highlighting the need for an effective governance system for successful policy implementation. This study outlines the legislative timelines in the US and EU and examines their governance structures, specifically for the critical mineral supply chain. The comparative analysis presents the current status and challenges of governance, as well as strategies for a robust governance system in South Korea.

Keywords
critical minerals
supply chain
United States
European Union
governance

탄소 중립 목표와 에너지 전환으로 인해 전기차와 이차전지, 신재생에너지에 필요한 핵심광물(critical minerals)의 수요가 급증하고 있다. 급격한 수요 증가에 따른 공급부족과 함께 지정학적 긴장 상황이 전략 산업의 원자재 공급망에 영향을 주는 가운데, 미국과 유럽은 안정적인 공급망을 유지하고 내수시장을 활성화하기 위한 다양한 법안을 제정하고 있다. 또한, 핵심광물의 공급망은 산업, 외교, 무역 등 긴밀한 부처간·국가간 협력이 필요한 분야로 효과적인 정책 이행을 위한 거버넌스 체계가 필수적이다. 본 연구에서는 미국과 유럽의 핵심광물 현황과 관련 법안, 공급망 안정화를 위한 정책에 대해 분석하였다. 또한, 미 백악관과 EU 집행위원회가 중심이 되고 있는 미국과 유럽의 핵심광물 정책 거버넌스와 비교하여 한국 거버넌스의 현황과 문제점, 강력한 거버넌스 체계를 위한 전략을 제시하였다.

키워드
핵심광물
공급망
미국
유럽연합
거버넌스
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Information
  • Publisher :The Korean Society of Mineral and Energy Resources Engineers
  • Publisher(Ko) :한국자원공학회
  • Journal Title :Journal of the Korean Society of Mineral and Energy Resources Engineers
  • Journal Title(Ko) :한국자원공학회지
  • Volume : 60
  • No :5
  • Pages :348-365
  • Received Date : 2023-09-05
  • Revised Date : 2023-10-25
  • Accepted Date : 2023-10-26
  • DOI :https://doi.org/10.32390/ksmer.2023.60.5.348
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