Petroleum Geology of the South Caspian Basin in Azerbaijan Region

doi:None

All Issue

2010 Vol.47, Issue 2 Preview Page Next Page

Petroleum Geology of the South Caspian Basin in Azerbaijan Region 아제르바이잔 남카스피해분지의 석유지질: 양우헌 , 황인걸 , 김현태
Woo-Hun Ryang, In-Gul Hwang and Hyun-Tae Kim

30 April 2010. pp. 222-236

PDF

Abstract

The South Caspian Basin is located on the southern part of the Caspian Sea in the central Asia. It has been reported ～11 billion oil-equivalent barrels of cumulative production from onshore and nearshore oil and gas fields, with an additional ～10 billion oil-equivalent barrels of proven, but undeveloped reserves. The sedimentation in the basin is characterized by very rapid sedimentation rate (～1.3 km/m.y.), max. 25 km-thick basin fills, and siliciclastic sediments of sand, silt, and clay. Basin fills include fluvial-deltaic depositional systems of the paleo-Volga and paleo-Kura rivers according to changing sea-level of the South Caspian Sea. The basin is largely influenced by late Miocene-Holocene burial rates (up to 1.3 km/m.y.) and the resulting low geothermal gradients of 14～16℃/km (105～110℃ in 6 km deep). Because of the low temperature gradient, the oil window is interpreted to be in a range of 8～14 km deep of the basin. Compressional deformation within the South Caspian Basin has formed numerous elongate anticlines, significant formation pressure, and overall activity of mud volcanoes.Petroleum system of the basin is as follows: (1) source rock is mudstone of marine origin, Maykop and Diatom formations of Oligocene and early Miocene, (2) reservoir rock is fluvial-deltaic deposits, Productive Series strata of late Miocene and middle Pliocene, and (3) caprock is mudstone of marine origin, Akchagyl Formation of late Pliocene and various mudrock members within the Productive Series of middle Pliocene.

Keywords

South Caspian Basin

Azerbaijan

Petroleum geology

Basin analysis

남카스피해분지는 중앙아시아 카스피해 남부에 위치한다. 현재까지 남카스피해 아제르바이잔 지역의호수와 육상에서 약 110 억 오일등가 배럴이 생산되었으며, 추가로 100 억 오일등가 배럴의 매장이 확인되었다.남카스피해분지의 퇴적 특징은 매우 빠른 퇴적률(1.3 km/My), 최대 25 km 두께의 퇴적층, 모래, 실트, 점토의쇄설성 퇴적물 등이다. 분지 퇴적층은 남카스피해의 해수면 변동에 따른 고 볼가강, 고 구라강에 의한 하천-삼각주 퇴적계를 포함한다. 분지는 낮은 열류량과 지층 온도(6 km 심도에서 105～110℃)를 보이며, 이러한 낮은지열값은 오일생성 윈도우가 퇴적심도 8～14 km의 심부에 위치하는 원인이다. 분지 내 압축변형작용은 다양한크기의 배사구조와 상당히 높은 지층압력과 광범위한 머드화산 활동을 유발한다. 분지의 석유시스템은 다음과같다: (1) 근원암은 해성기원 이암이며 올리고세-마이오세 초기 Maykop층과 Diatom층이다. (2) 저류암은 하천-삼각주 퇴적층이며 마이오세 후기-플라이오세 중기 Productive층계(5～7 km 두께)이다. (3) 덮개암은 해성기원 이암이며 플라이오세 후기 Akchagyl층과 플라이오세 중기 Producitive층계 내에 존재하는 다양한 이암층이다.

키워드

남카스피해분지

아제르바이잔

석유지질

분지해석

References

Abrams, M.A. and Narimanov, A.A., 1997, “Geochemical evaluation of hydrocarbons and their potential sources in the western South Caspian depression, Republic of Azerbaijan,” Marne and Petroleum Geology, Vol. 14, pp. 451-468.
Allen, M.B., Jones, S., Ismail-Zadeh, A., Simmons, M.D., and Anderson, L., 2002, “Onset of subduction as the cause of rapid Plio-Quaternary subsidence in the South Caspian Basin,” Geology, Vol. 30, pp. 775-778.
Allen, M.B., Vincent, S.J., Alsop, G.I., Ismail-Zadeh, A., and Flecker, R., 2003, “Late Cenozoic deformation in the South Caspian region: effects of a rigid basement block within a collision zone,” Tectonophysics, Vol. 366, pp. 223-239.
Bagirov, E., Nadirov, R., and Lerche, I., 1997, “Hydrocarbon evolution for a north-south section of the South Caspian Basin,” Marne and Petroleum Geology, Vol 14, pp. 773-854.
Brunet, M.-F., Wilmsen, M., and Granath, J.W., 2009, South Caspian to Central Iran Basins, The Geological Society of London, Geological Society Spcial Publication, Vol. 312, Bath, U.K., p. 352.
Brunet, M.-F., Korotaev, M.V., Ershov, A.V., and Nikishin, A.M., 2003, “The South Caspian Basin: a review of its evolution from subsidence modelling,” Sedimentary Geology, Vol. 156, pp. 119-148.
Buryakovsky, L., Chilingar, G., and Aminzadeh, F., 2001, Petroleum Geology of the South Caspian Basin, Gulf Professional Pub., Boston, USA, p. 442.
Devlin, W.J., Cogswell, J.M., Gaskins, G.M., Isaksen, G.H., Pitcher, D.M., Puls, D.P., Stanley, K.O., Wall, G.R.T., 1999, “South Caspian Basin: young, cool, and full of promise,” GSA Today, Vol. 9, pp. 1-9.
Djevanshir, R.D. and Mansoori, G.A., 2000, “Introduction to South Caspian Basin special issue,” Journal of Petroleum Science and Engineering, Vol. 28, pp. 153-155.
Effimoff, I, 2000, “The oil and gas resource base of the Caspian region,” Journal of Petroleum Science and Engineering, Vol. 28, pp. 157-159.
Evans, R.J., Davies, R.J., and Stewart, S.A., 2006, “Internal structure and eruptive history of a kilometer-scale mud volcano system, South Caspian Sea,” Basin Research, Vol. 19, pp. 153-193.
Gurgey, K., 2003, “Correlation, alteration, and origin of hydrocarbons in the GCA, Bahar, and Gum Adasi fields, western South Caspian Basin: geochemical and multivariate statistical assessments,” Marine and Petroleum Geology, Vol. 20, pp. 1119-1139.
Hinds, D.J., Aliyeva, E., Allen, M.B., Davies, C.E., Kroonenberg, S.B., Simmons, M.D., and Vincent, S.J., 2004, “Sedimentation in a discharge dominated fluviallacustrine system: the Neogene Productive Series of the South Caspian Basin, Azerbaijan,” Marine and Petroleum Geology, Vol. 21, pp. 613-638.
Inan, S., Yalcin, M.N., Guliev, I.S., Kuliev, K., and Feizullayev, A.A., 1997, “Deep petroleum occurrences in the Lower Kura Depression, South Caspian Basin, Azerbaijan: an organic geochemical and basin modeling study,” Marne and Petroleum Geology, Vol. 14, pp. 731-762.
Jackson, J., Priestley, K., Allen, M., and Berberian, M., 2002, “Active tectonics of the South Caspian Basin,” Geophysical Journal International, Vol. 148, pp. 214-245.
Katz, B., Richards, D., Long, D., and Lawrence, W., 2000, “A new look at the components of the petroleum system of the South Caspian Basin,” Journal of Petroleum Science and Engineering, Vol. 28, pp. 161-182.
Kerimov, V. Yu., Khalilov, E.A., and Mekhtiyev, N. Yu., 1991, “Paleogeographic conditions of formation of the South Caspian depression during the Pliocene in relation to its oil-gas potential,” Petroleum Geology, Vol. 26, pp. 119-122.
Knapp, C.C., Knapp, J.H., and Connor, J.A., 2004, “Crustalscale structure of the South Caspian Basin revealed by deep seismic reflection profiling,” Marine and Petroleum Geology, Vol. 21, pp. 1073-1081.
Mamedov, P.Z., 1991, “Paleo-deltaic complexes in the north of the South Caspian Depression,” Petroleum Geology, Vol. 25, pp. 344-346.
Narimanov, A.A. and Palaz, I., 1995, “Oil history, potential converge in Azerbaijan,” Oil and Gas Journal, May 22, pp. 32-39.
Reynolds, A.D., Simmons, M.D., Bowman, M.B.J., Henton, J., Brayshaw, A.C., Ali-Zade, A.A., Guliyev, I.S., Suleymanova, S.F., Ateava, E.Z., Mamedova, D.N., and Koshkarly, R.O., 1998, “Implications of outcrop geology for reservoirs in the Neogene Productive Series: Apsheron Peninsula, Azerbaijan,” American Association of Petroleum Geologists Bulletin, Vol. 82, pp. 25-49.
Stewart, S.A. and Davies, R.J., 2006, “Structure and emplacement of mud volcano systems in the South Caspian Basin,” American Association of Petroleum Geologists Bulletin, Vol. 90, pp. 771-786.
Tatar, M., Jackson, J., Hatzfeld, D., and Bergman, E., 2007, “The 2004 May 28 Baladeh earthquake (Mw 6.2) in the Alborz, Iran: overthrustin the South Caspian Basin margin, partitioning of oblique convergence and the seismic hazard of Tehran,” Geophysical Journal International, Vol. 170, pp. 249-261.

Information

Publisher :The Korean Society of Mineral and Energy Resources Engineers
Publisher(Ko) :한국자원공학회
Journal Title :Journal of the Korean Society for Geosystem Engineering
Journal Title(Ko) :한국지구시스템공학회지
Volume : 47
No :2
Pages :222-236

[1] Abrams, M.A. and Narimanov, A.A., 1997, “Geochemical evaluation of hydrocarbons and their potential sources in the western South Caspian depression, Republic of Azerbaijan,” Marne and Petroleum Geology, Vol. 14, pp. 451-468.

[2] Allen, M.B., Jones, S., Ismail-Zadeh, A., Simmons, M.D., and Anderson, L., 2002, “Onset of subduction as the cause of rapid Plio-Quaternary subsidence in the South Caspian Basin,” Geology, Vol. 30, pp. 775-778.

[3] Allen, M.B., Vincent, S.J., Alsop, G.I., Ismail-Zadeh, A., and Flecker, R., 2003, “Late Cenozoic deformation in the South Caspian region: effects of a rigid basement block within a collision zone,” Tectonophysics, Vol. 366, pp. 223-239.

[4] Bagirov, E., Nadirov, R., and Lerche, I., 1997, “Hydrocarbon evolution for a north-south section of the South Caspian Basin,” Marne and Petroleum Geology, Vol 14, pp. 773-854.

[5] Brunet, M.-F., Wilmsen, M., and Granath, J.W., 2009, South Caspian to Central Iran Basins, The Geological Society of London, Geological Society Spcial Publication, Vol. 312, Bath, U.K., p. 352.

[6] Brunet, M.-F., Korotaev, M.V., Ershov, A.V., and Nikishin, A.M., 2003, “The South Caspian Basin: a review of its evolution from subsidence modelling,” Sedimentary Geology, Vol. 156, pp. 119-148.

[7] Buryakovsky, L., Chilingar, G., and Aminzadeh, F., 2001, Petroleum Geology of the South Caspian Basin, Gulf Professional Pub., Boston, USA, p. 442.

[8] Devlin, W.J., Cogswell, J.M., Gaskins, G.M., Isaksen, G.H., Pitcher, D.M., Puls, D.P., Stanley, K.O., Wall, G.R.T., 1999, “South Caspian Basin: young, cool, and full of promise,” GSA Today, Vol. 9, pp. 1-9.

[9] Djevanshir, R.D. and Mansoori, G.A., 2000, “Introduction to South Caspian Basin special issue,” Journal of Petroleum Science and Engineering, Vol. 28, pp. 153-155.

[10] Effimoff, I, 2000, “The oil and gas resource base of the Caspian region,” Journal of Petroleum Science and Engineering, Vol. 28, pp. 157-159.

[11] Evans, R.J., Davies, R.J., and Stewart, S.A., 2006, “Internal structure and eruptive history of a kilometer-scale mud volcano system, South Caspian Sea,” Basin Research, Vol. 19, pp. 153-193.

[12] Gurgey, K., 2003, “Correlation, alteration, and origin of hydrocarbons in the GCA, Bahar, and Gum Adasi fields, western South Caspian Basin: geochemical and multivariate statistical assessments,” Marine and Petroleum Geology, Vol. 20, pp. 1119-1139.

[13] Hinds, D.J., Aliyeva, E., Allen, M.B., Davies, C.E., Kroonenberg, S.B., Simmons, M.D., and Vincent, S.J., 2004, “Sedimentation in a discharge dominated fluviallacustrine system: the Neogene Productive Series of the South Caspian Basin, Azerbaijan,” Marine and Petroleum Geology, Vol. 21, pp. 613-638.

[14] Inan, S., Yalcin, M.N., Guliev, I.S., Kuliev, K., and Feizullayev, A.A., 1997, “Deep petroleum occurrences in the Lower Kura Depression, South Caspian Basin, Azerbaijan: an organic geochemical and basin modeling study,” Marne and Petroleum Geology, Vol. 14, pp. 731-762.

[15] Jackson, J., Priestley, K., Allen, M., and Berberian, M., 2002, “Active tectonics of the South Caspian Basin,” Geophysical Journal International, Vol. 148, pp. 214-245.

[16] Katz, B., Richards, D., Long, D., and Lawrence, W., 2000, “A new look at the components of the petroleum system of the South Caspian Basin,” Journal of Petroleum Science and Engineering, Vol. 28, pp. 161-182.

[17] Kerimov, V. Yu., Khalilov, E.A., and Mekhtiyev, N. Yu., 1991, “Paleogeographic conditions of formation of the South Caspian depression during the Pliocene in relation to its oil-gas potential,” Petroleum Geology, Vol. 26, pp. 119-122.

[18] Knapp, C.C., Knapp, J.H., and Connor, J.A., 2004, “Crustalscale structure of the South Caspian Basin revealed by deep seismic reflection profiling,” Marine and Petroleum Geology, Vol. 21, pp. 1073-1081.

[19] Mamedov, P.Z., 1991, “Paleo-deltaic complexes in the north of the South Caspian Depression,” Petroleum Geology, Vol. 25, pp. 344-346.

[20] Narimanov, A.A. and Palaz, I., 1995, “Oil history, potential converge in Azerbaijan,” Oil and Gas Journal, May 22, pp. 32-39.

[21] Reynolds, A.D., Simmons, M.D., Bowman, M.B.J., Henton, J., Brayshaw, A.C., Ali-Zade, A.A., Guliyev, I.S., Suleymanova, S.F., Ateava, E.Z., Mamedova, D.N., and Koshkarly, R.O., 1998, “Implications of outcrop geology for reservoirs in the Neogene Productive Series: Apsheron Peninsula, Azerbaijan,” American Association of Petroleum Geologists Bulletin, Vol. 82, pp. 25-49.

[22] Stewart, S.A. and Davies, R.J., 2006, “Structure and emplacement of mud volcano systems in the South Caspian Basin,” American Association of Petroleum Geologists Bulletin, Vol. 90, pp. 771-786.

[23] Tatar, M., Jackson, J., Hatzfeld, D., and Bergman, E., 2007, “The 2004 May 28 Baladeh earthquake (Mw 6.2) in the Alborz, Iran: overthrustin the South Caspian Basin margin, partitioning of oblique convergence and the seismic hazard of Tehran,” Geophysical Journal International, Vol. 170, pp. 249-261.

Journal of the Korean Society of Mineral and Energy Resources Engineers ISSN:2288-0291(Print) 2288-2790(Online) 한국자원공학회지

All Issue