Study on Applicability of Kaolin in Korea for Removal of Green Algal Bloom - Comparison with Yellow Clay

doi:10.12972/ksmer.2016.53.4.309

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2016 Vol.53, Issue 4 Next Page

Research Paper

Study on Applicability of Kaolin in Korea for Removal of Green Algal Bloom - Comparison with Yellow Clay 국내 고령토의 녹조제거 활용 가능성 연구 - 황토와의 비교: 박형준·한협조·이종운·장영덕
Hyung-Jun Park, Hyeop-Jo Han, Jong-Un Lee and Youngdeok Jang

31 August 2016. pp. 309-320

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Abstract

Applicability of kaolin as a substitute of yellow clay, which is used in removal of green algal bloom,was investigated. Soil texture, CEC, particle distribution, and zeta potential of kaolin appeared similar to thoseof yellow clay. Yellow clay contained higher concentrations of P2O5 and some heavy metals than kaolin does.Spray experiments were conducted for natural algae using both materials with particle size of 0.18~2 mm and<0.18 mm. The concentrations of chlorophyll-a and nutritive salts were monitored at 0, 20, and 60 minutes. While0.18~2 mm yellow clay showed the highest chlorophyll-a removal efficiency when yellow clay was sprayed at10 g/L injection rate for 60 minutes, kaolin yielded a faster removal with the lower injection rate. Kaolin showedthe higher efficiency than yellow clay did in removal of total phosphorous and nitrogen at 0.5, 2.5, and 5 g/Lspraying. The results indicated the prospective applicability of kaolin in practical removal of algal bloom in streamsand lakes.

Keywords

Kaolin

Yellow clay

Green algal bloom

Chlorophyll-a

Nutritive salts

국내에서 발생하는 녹조현상을 제어하기 위해 사용되고 있는 황토의 대체 물질로써 국내 고령토의적용 가능성을 평가하였다. 고령토와 황토의 토성, 양이온교환능력, 입도분포, 제타포텐셜은 유사하게 나타났다.황토의 경우 녹조의 영양분으로 작용 가능한 P2O5 및 아연, 납, 크롬이 고령토에 비해 높게 검출되었다. 영산강에서 발생한 자연 녹조를 대상으로 하여 고령토 및 황토를 0.18~2 mm 및 <0.18 mm로 입도를 구분하여 각각0.5, 2.5, 5, 10 g/L를 살포한 후 0, 20, 60분간 반응시키며 클로로필-a 및 영양염류 제거 실험을 수행하였다.0.18~2 mm 입도의 황토는 10 g/L의 살포량과 60분의 반응 시간에서 높은 제거 효율이 나타났으나, 고령토는적은 양으로도 즉각적인 제거 효과를 보였다. <0.18 mm 황토는 고령토에 비하여 녹조 제거효과가 높았다. 황토의 경우 10 g/L 살포 시에는 영양염류 제거효율이 좋았으나, 소량 살포하였을 경우 고령토는 황토보다 월등히높은 총인 및 총질소 제거효율을 보였다. 이러한 결과는 황토 대체재로서 고령토의 활용 가능성을 지시하는것으로 보인다.

키워드

고령토

황토

녹조현상

클로로필-a

영양염류

References

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Asaeda, T., Trung, V.K., Manatunge, J. and Van Bon, T., 2001, “Modelling macrophyte–nutrient–phytoplankton interactions in shallow eutrophic lakes and the evaluation of environmental impacts,” Ecological Engineering, Vol. 16, No. 3, pp. 341-357.
Baek, K.-H., 2000, Occurrence and Treatment of Taste, Odor and Toxic Material from Algae in Drinking Water, PhD Thesis, University of Seoul, Korea, p. 109.
Chae, S.-C., Jang, Y.-N. and Bae, I.-K., 2005 “Development of anti-red tide material by activating red-mud,” J. Mier. Soc. Korea, Vol. 18, No. 4, pp. 267-276.
Cho, H.-G., 2000, “Necessity of mineralogical knowledge in Korean Hwangto industries,” J. Miner. Soc. Korea, Vol. 13, No. 2, pp. 1-17.
Choi, H.G., Kim, P.J., Lee, W.C., Yun, S.J., Kim, H.G. and Lee, H.J., 1998, “Removal efficiency of Cochlodinium polykrikoides by yellow loess,” J. Korean Fish. Soc., Vol. 31, No. 1, pp. 109-113.
Choi, J.K., Sun, X., Lee, Y. and Kim, E.K., 2002, “Synergistic effect of sophorolipid and loess combination in harmful algal blooms mitigation,” Proceedings of the 3rd International Symposium on Harmful Algal Blooms and Control, pp. 85-90.
Goh, S.-M., 2003, “Current state of deposit type, supply and demand, and utilization of kaolin,” J. Miner. Soc. Korea, Vol. 16, No. 2, pp. 36-45.
Han, M.Y. and Kim, W., 2001, “A theoretical consideration of algae removal with clays,” Microchem. J., Vol. 68, pp. 157-161.
IAE (Institute for Advanced Engineering), 2007, Development of Removal Technology for Algae and Red Tide in Mere/Coast, Korea Environmental Industry and Technology Institute, p. 361.
KC Corporation, 2008, Report on Development of Red Tide Mitigation Material Using Red Mud, p. 153.
Kim, P.-J., Heo, S. and Yun, S.-J., 2002, “Adsorption and removal mechanism of dissolved inorganic nutrients in seawater by yellow loess,” J. Korean Fish. Soc., Vol. 35, No. 2, pp. 146-154.
Kim, S.-J., 1999, “Settling characteristics of natural loess particles in seawater,” J. Korean Fish. Soc., Vol. 32, No. 6, pp. 706-712.
Kim, S.-J., 2000, “Removal of red tide organisms - 2. Flocculation of red tide organism using loess,” J. Korean Fish. Soc., Vol. 33, No. 5, pp. 455-462.
Kim, S., Kim, D., Kang, S., Ahn, J., Kim, I., Yun, S., Lee, S. and Lee, W., 2013, “Removal of algae by natural coagulants of soil origin,” J. Kor. Soc. Environ. Eng., Vol. 35, No. 12, pp. 883-888.
KORDI (Korea Ocean Research and Development Institute), 2007, Technic-development of the Control of Freshwater Algal Bloom and Red-tide with Pan-environmental Bio- agents, National Emergency Management, p. 304.
KRIBB (Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology), 2004, Development of Materials and Apparatus for the Environmentally Sound Control of Algal Bloom, Ministry of Environment, p. 240.
Kyunghyang Shinmun, 2015.06.15. www.khan.co.kr.
Lee, C., Choi, Y., Park, Y. and Lee Y., 2013, “Spreading model of yellow clay for red tide mitigation,” Korean J. Nature Conservation, Vol. 7, No. 1, pp. 13-25.
Li, H. and Pan, G., 2015, “Simultaneous removal of harmful algal blooms and microcystins using microorganism- and chitosan-modified local soil,” Environ. Sci. Technol., Vol. 49, pp. 6249-6256.
Liu, G., Fan, C., Zhong, J., Zhang, L., Ding, S., Yan, S. and Han, S., 2010, “Using hexadecyl trimethyl ammonium bromide (CTAB) modified clays to clean the Microcystis aeruginosa blooms in Lake Taihu, China,” Harmful Algae, Vol. 9, pp. 413-418.
McManus, J., 1988, “Grain size determination and interpretation,” Techniques in sedimentology, Vol. 408, pp. 112-116.
Mo, S.H., 2013, Algal Occurrence Pattern and Control Method in Yeongsan River, MS Thesis, Chonnam National University, Korea, p. 50.
Na, G.-H., Choi, W.-J. and Chun, Y.-Y., 1996, “A study on red tide control with loess suspension,” J. Aquaculture, Vol. 9, No. 3, pp. 239-245.
Na, G.-H., Nam, J.-B., Park, K.-D. and Lee, J.-A., 1998, “Experimental elimination of blue-green algae Microcystis sp. by loess suspension in column test,” J. Kor. Soc. Water Environ., Vol. 14, No. 4, pp. 399-404.
Nakano, K., Lee, T.J. and Matsumura, M., 2001, “In situ algal bloom control by the integration of ultrasonic radiation and jet circulation to flushing,” Environ. Sci. Technol., Vol. 35, No. 24, pp. 4941-4946.
Newman J.R. and Barrett P.R.F., 1993, “Control of Microcystis aeruginosa by decomposing Barley Straw,” J. aquat. Plant Mgmt, Vol. 31, No. 1, pp. 203-206.
NIER (National Institute of Environmental Research), 2016. 04.12. http://water.nier.go.kr.
Ohmynews, 2016.04.12. www.ohmynews.com.
Pan G., Zhang, M.-M., Chen, H., Zou, H. and Yan, H., 2006, “Removal of cyanobacterial blooms in Taihu Lake using local soils. I. Equilibrium and kinetic screening on the flocculation of Microcystis aeruginosa using commercially available clays and minerals,” Environ. Pollution, Vol. 141, pp. 195-200.
Pierce, R.H., Henry, M.S., Higham, C.J., Blum, P., Sengco, M.R. and Anderson, D.M., 2004, “Removal of harmful algal cells (Karenia brevis) and toxins from seawater culture by clay flocculation,” Harmful Algae, Vol. 3, No. 2, pp. 141-148.
Ryu, J.-G., Hwang, G.-H., Kim, G.-Y., Kim, S.-Y. and Park, Y.-T., 2004, Report on Efficiency Analysis and Improvement Plan of Yellow Loess Spraying for Red Tide Mitigation, No. 04-18, Korea Maritime Institute, p. 146.
Sengco, M.R. and Anderson, D.M., 2004, “Controlling harmful algal blooms through clay flocculation,” J. Eukaryot. Microbiol., Vol. 51, No. 2, pp. 169-172.
Sengco M.R., Li, A., Tugend, K., Kulis, D. and Anderson, D.M., 2001, “Removal of red- and brown-tide cells using clay flocculation. I. Laboratory culture experiments with Gymnodinium breve and Aureococcus anophagefferens,” Mar. Ecol. Prog. Ser., Vol. 210, pp. 41-53.
Tang, Y., Guan, X., Su, T., Gao, N. and Wang, J, 2009, “Fluoride adsorption onto activated alumina: Modeling the effects of pH and some competing ions,” Colloids and Surfaces A: Physicochemical and Engineering Aspects, Vol. 337, No. 1, pp. 33-38.
Thompson, A.S., Rhodes, J.C. and Pettman, I., 1988, Culture Collection of Algae and Protozoa: Catalogue of Strains, 5th Eds., Ambleside, UK, p. 164.
Wu, C.-D., Xu, X.-J., Liang, J.-L., Wang, Q., Dong, Q. and Liang, W.-L., 2011, “Enhanced coagulation for treating slightly polluted algae-containing surface water combining polyaluminum chloride (PAC) with diatomite,” Desalination, Vol. 279, No. 11, pp. 140-145.
You, K.-A., Song, M.-A., Byeon, M.-S., Lee, H.-J. and Hwang, S.-J., 2014, “The calculation method of cell count for the bloom-forming (green tide) Cyanobacterium using correlation between colony area and cell number in Korea,” Kor. J. Environment and Ecology, Vol. 47, No. 4, pp. 350- 357.
Yun, J.-S., Kim, S.-H. and Yoon, C.-H., 2003, “Red-tide removal by loess spreading,” J. KSEE, Vol. 25, No. 3, pp. 358-363.

Information

Publisher :The Korean Society of Mineral and Energy Resources Engineers
Publisher(Ko) :한국자원공학회
Journal Title :Journal of the Korean Society of Mineral and Energy Resources Engineers
Journal Title(Ko) :한국자원공학회지
Volume : 53
No :4
Pages :309-320
DOI :https://doi.org/10.12972/ksmer.2016.53.4.309

[1] Asaeda, T., Priyantha, D.N., Saitoh, S. and Gotoh, K., 1996, “A new technique for controlling algal blooms in the withdrawal zone of reservoirs using vertical curtains,” Ecological Engineering, Vol. 7, No. 2, pp. 95-104.

[2] Asaeda, T., Trung, V.K., Manatunge, J. and Van Bon, T., 2001, “Modelling macrophyte–nutrient–phytoplankton interactions in shallow eutrophic lakes and the evaluation of environmental impacts,” Ecological Engineering, Vol. 16, No. 3, pp. 341-357.

[3] Baek, K.-H., 2000, Occurrence and Treatment of Taste, Odor and Toxic Material from Algae in Drinking Water, PhD Thesis, University of Seoul, Korea, p. 109.

[4] Chae, S.-C., Jang, Y.-N. and Bae, I.-K., 2005 “Development of anti-red tide material by activating red-mud,” J. Mier. Soc. Korea, Vol. 18, No. 4, pp. 267-276.

[5] Cho, H.-G., 2000, “Necessity of mineralogical knowledge in Korean Hwangto industries,” J. Miner. Soc. Korea, Vol. 13, No. 2, pp. 1-17.

[6] Choi, H.G., Kim, P.J., Lee, W.C., Yun, S.J., Kim, H.G. and Lee, H.J., 1998, “Removal efficiency of Cochlodinium polykrikoides by yellow loess,” J. Korean Fish. Soc., Vol. 31, No. 1, pp. 109-113.

[7] Choi, J.K., Sun, X., Lee, Y. and Kim, E.K., 2002, “Synergistic effect of sophorolipid and loess combination in harmful algal blooms mitigation,” Proceedings of the 3rd International Symposium on Harmful Algal Blooms and Control, pp. 85-90.

[8] Goh, S.-M., 2003, “Current state of deposit type, supply and demand, and utilization of kaolin,” J. Miner. Soc. Korea, Vol. 16, No. 2, pp. 36-45.

[9] Han, M.Y. and Kim, W., 2001, “A theoretical consideration of algae removal with clays,” Microchem. J., Vol. 68, pp. 157-161.

[10] IAE (Institute for Advanced Engineering), 2007, Development of Removal Technology for Algae and Red Tide in Mere/Coast, Korea Environmental Industry and Technology Institute, p. 361.

[11] KC Corporation, 2008, Report on Development of Red Tide Mitigation Material Using Red Mud, p. 153.

[12] Kim, P.-J., Heo, S. and Yun, S.-J., 2002, “Adsorption and removal mechanism of dissolved inorganic nutrients in seawater by yellow loess,” J. Korean Fish. Soc., Vol. 35, No. 2, pp. 146-154.

[13] Kim, S.-J., 1999, “Settling characteristics of natural loess particles in seawater,” J. Korean Fish. Soc., Vol. 32, No. 6, pp. 706-712.

[14] Kim, S.-J., 2000, “Removal of red tide organisms - 2. Flocculation of red tide organism using loess,” J. Korean Fish. Soc., Vol. 33, No. 5, pp. 455-462.

[15] Kim, S., Kim, D., Kang, S., Ahn, J., Kim, I., Yun, S., Lee, S. and Lee, W., 2013, “Removal of algae by natural coagulants of soil origin,” J. Kor. Soc. Environ. Eng., Vol. 35, No. 12, pp. 883-888.

[16] KORDI (Korea Ocean Research and Development Institute), 2007, Technic-development of the Control of Freshwater Algal Bloom and Red-tide with Pan-environmental Bio- agents, National Emergency Management, p. 304.

[17] KRIBB (Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology), 2004, Development of Materials and Apparatus for the Environmentally Sound Control of Algal Bloom, Ministry of Environment, p. 240.

[18] Kyunghyang Shinmun, 2015.06.15. www.khan.co.kr.

[19] Lee, C., Choi, Y., Park, Y. and Lee Y., 2013, “Spreading model of yellow clay for red tide mitigation,” Korean J. Nature Conservation, Vol. 7, No. 1, pp. 13-25.

[20] Li, H. and Pan, G., 2015, “Simultaneous removal of harmful algal blooms and microcystins using microorganism- and chitosan-modified local soil,” Environ. Sci. Technol., Vol. 49, pp. 6249-6256.

[21] Liu, G., Fan, C., Zhong, J., Zhang, L., Ding, S., Yan, S. and Han, S., 2010, “Using hexadecyl trimethyl ammonium bromide (CTAB) modified clays to clean the Microcystis aeruginosa blooms in Lake Taihu, China,” Harmful Algae, Vol. 9, pp. 413-418.

[22] McManus, J., 1988, “Grain size determination and interpretation,” Techniques in sedimentology, Vol. 408, pp. 112-116.

[23] Mo, S.H., 2013, Algal Occurrence Pattern and Control Method in Yeongsan River, MS Thesis, Chonnam National University, Korea, p. 50.

[24] Na, G.-H., Choi, W.-J. and Chun, Y.-Y., 1996, “A study on red tide control with loess suspension,” J. Aquaculture, Vol. 9, No. 3, pp. 239-245.

[25] Na, G.-H., Nam, J.-B., Park, K.-D. and Lee, J.-A., 1998, “Experimental elimination of blue-green algae Microcystis sp. by loess suspension in column test,” J. Kor. Soc. Water Environ., Vol. 14, No. 4, pp. 399-404.

[26] Nakano, K., Lee, T.J. and Matsumura, M., 2001, “In situ algal bloom control by the integration of ultrasonic radiation and jet circulation to flushing,” Environ. Sci. Technol., Vol. 35, No. 24, pp. 4941-4946.

[27] Newman J.R. and Barrett P.R.F., 1993, “Control of Microcystis aeruginosa by decomposing Barley Straw,” J. aquat. Plant Mgmt, Vol. 31, No. 1, pp. 203-206.

[28] NIER (National Institute of Environmental Research), 2016. 04.12. http://water.nier.go.kr.

[29] Ohmynews, 2016.04.12. www.ohmynews.com.

[30] Pan G., Zhang, M.-M., Chen, H., Zou, H. and Yan, H., 2006, “Removal of cyanobacterial blooms in Taihu Lake using local soils. I. Equilibrium and kinetic screening on the flocculation of Microcystis aeruginosa using commercially available clays and minerals,” Environ. Pollution, Vol. 141, pp. 195-200.

[31] Pierce, R.H., Henry, M.S., Higham, C.J., Blum, P., Sengco, M.R. and Anderson, D.M., 2004, “Removal of harmful algal cells (Karenia brevis) and toxins from seawater culture by clay flocculation,” Harmful Algae, Vol. 3, No. 2, pp. 141-148.

[32] Ryu, J.-G., Hwang, G.-H., Kim, G.-Y., Kim, S.-Y. and Park, Y.-T., 2004, Report on Efficiency Analysis and Improvement Plan of Yellow Loess Spraying for Red Tide Mitigation, No. 04-18, Korea Maritime Institute, p. 146.

[33] Sengco, M.R. and Anderson, D.M., 2004, “Controlling harmful algal blooms through clay flocculation,” J. Eukaryot. Microbiol., Vol. 51, No. 2, pp. 169-172.

[34] Sengco M.R., Li, A., Tugend, K., Kulis, D. and Anderson, D.M., 2001, “Removal of red- and brown-tide cells using clay flocculation. I. Laboratory culture experiments with Gymnodinium breve and Aureococcus anophagefferens,” Mar. Ecol. Prog. Ser., Vol. 210, pp. 41-53.

[35] Tang, Y., Guan, X., Su, T., Gao, N. and Wang, J, 2009, “Fluoride adsorption onto activated alumina: Modeling the effects of pH and some competing ions,” Colloids and Surfaces A: Physicochemical and Engineering Aspects, Vol. 337, No. 1, pp. 33-38.

[36] Thompson, A.S., Rhodes, J.C. and Pettman, I., 1988, Culture Collection of Algae and Protozoa: Catalogue of Strains, 5th Eds., Ambleside, UK, p. 164.

[37] Wu, C.-D., Xu, X.-J., Liang, J.-L., Wang, Q., Dong, Q. and Liang, W.-L., 2011, “Enhanced coagulation for treating slightly polluted algae-containing surface water combining polyaluminum chloride (PAC) with diatomite,” Desalination, Vol. 279, No. 11, pp. 140-145.

[38] You, K.-A., Song, M.-A., Byeon, M.-S., Lee, H.-J. and Hwang, S.-J., 2014, “The calculation method of cell count for the bloom-forming (green tide) Cyanobacterium using correlation between colony area and cell number in Korea,” Kor. J. Environment and Ecology, Vol. 47, No. 4, pp. 350- 357.

[39] Yun, J.-S., Kim, S.-H. and Yoon, C.-H., 2003, “Red-tide removal by loess spreading,” J. KSEE, Vol. 25, No. 3, pp. 358-363.

Journal of the Korean Society of Mineral and Energy Resources Engineers ISSN:2288-0291(Print) 2288-2790(Online) 한국자원공학회지

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