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2026 Vol.63, Issue 4 Preview Page

Technical Report

The Early Revision of Vietnam’s Law on Geology and Minerals (54/2024/QH15) and Its Significance

베트남 지질 ∙ 광물법(54/2024/QH15)의 조기 개정과 의의

Jungkyu Park1
,
Inkyung Cho2*
박 정규1
,
조 인경2*
1Resource Security Strategy Department, Korea Institute of Geoscience and Mineral Resources, Daejeon, Korea
2Regional Industrial Innovation Department(ESH), Korea Institute of Industrial Technology, Chungcheongnam-do, Korea
1한국지질자원연구원 자원안보전략실
2한국생산기술연구원 지역산업혁신부문(배출저감)
*Corresponding Author
31 August 2026. pp. 459-468
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Abstract

This study compared Law No. 54/2024/QH15 with its amendment: Law No. 147/2025/QH15, enacted within five months of the former’s entry into force, to clarify the background and substance of the revision. Law 147/2025/QH15 uses a newly established Chapter VIIa to designate rare earths as “special strategic minerals” rather than “strategic and important minerals”. It also prohibits raw rare earth ore exports and introduces a Prime Minister approval-based licensing system. These measures elevate rare earth governance from ministerial circular-level regulation to statutory law and reflect a broader international trend by resource-holding states to tighten control over critical minerals. This study suggests that the statutory export ban and mandatory deep processing requirements constrain raw-material-access-based cooperation and that technology cooperation, domestic value chain participation, and government-to-government (G2G) engagement are emerging as practical prerequisites for effective rare earth supply chain partnerships with Vietnam.

Keywords
rare earth minerals
strategic mineral governance
special strategic minerals
vietnam geology and minerals law
critical mineral supply chain

본 연구는 베트남 ｢지질·광물법(54/2024/QH15)｣이 시행 후 5개월 만에 ｢개정법(147/2025/QH15)｣으로 조기 개정된 배경과 주요 내용을 조문 비교를 통해 정리한다. 비교 결과, 147/2025/QH15는 희토류를 기존 전략·중요 광물과 구별되는 “특별 전략광물”로 신설된 제VIIa장을 통해 규정하고, 희토류 원광 수출을 금지하며, 총리 승인 기반 허가제도를 도입함으로써, 희토류 관리정책을 부처 시행규칙 수준에서 법률 수준으로 격상시켰다. 이는 자원보유국의 핵심광물 국가통제 강화라는 국제적 흐름과 맥을 같이한다. 본 연구는 원광 수출금지와 심층가공 의무의 법률화가 원료 접근 중심의 기존 협력방식을 제약하며, 가공기술 협력·국내 가치사슬 참여·정부 간(G2G) 채널 강화가 대(對)베트남 희토류 협력의 실질적 전제 조건으로 부상하고 있음을 제시한다.

키워드
희토류
핵심광물 거버넌스
특별전략광물
베트남 지질·광물법
핵심광물 공급망
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Information
  • Publisher :The Korean Society of Mineral and Energy Resources Engineers
  • Publisher(Ko) :한국자원공학회
  • Journal Title :Journal of the Korean Society of Mineral and Energy Resources Engineers
  • Journal Title(Ko) :한국자원공학회지
  • Volume : 63
  • No :4
  • Pages :459-468
  • Received Date : 2026-05-29
  • Revised Date : 2026-07-30
  • Accepted Date : 2026-07-30
  • DOI :https://doi.org/10.32390/ksmer.2026.63.4.459
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