Bioleaching of Heavy Metals and Arsenic in Contaminated Soil by Microbiological Sulfur Oxidation

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2011 Vol.48, Issue 3 Preview Page Next Page

Bioleaching of Heavy Metals and Arsenic in Contaminated Soil by Microbiological Sulfur Oxidation 미생물학적 황 산화에 의한 오염토양 내 중금속 및 비소의 용출: 김윤수, 전효택, 이종운
Yoon-Su Kim, Hyo-Taek Chon and Jong-Un Lee

30 June 2011. pp. 294-308

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Abstract

The bioleaching efficiency of heavy metals and As by microbiological sulfur oxidation was investigated for soil contaminated through metal refining activity. Acidithiobacillus thiooxidans as a sulfur-oxidizing bacterium was employed and colloidal sulfur was used as an energy source. The effects of various factors such as colloidal sulfur concentration, the amount of bacterial input, temperature, stirring and soil-liquid ratio were evaluated. Total concentrations of Cu, Pb, Zn and As were 114 mg/kg, 235 mg/kg, 94 mg/kg, and 71 mg/kg, respectively, after aqua regia digestion in the studied soil. In batch-type experiments, bacteria rapidly decreased pH value and led to substantial increase in concentrations of leached heavy metals and As. Under the experimental conditions, optimal concentrations of colloidal sulfur and the amount of bacterial input for effective microbial sulfur oxidation were 6% and 6～36%, respectively. The results showed the higher bioleaching efficiency of heavy metals and As at 28℃ than 2℃ and higher bioleaching efficiency was observed in stirring condition after 12 days than non-stirring condition. As the soil-liquid ratio increased, the removal efficiency of heavy metals and As decreased.

Keywords

Bioleaching

Heavy metals

Sulfur-oxidizing bacteria

Acidithiobacillus thiooxidans

Colloidal sulfur

이 연구에서는 과거 제련활동에 의해 구리, 납, 아연, 비소 등으로 오염된 토양을 대상으로 Acidithiobacillus thiooxidans에 의한 황 산화를 유도함으로써 중금속 및 비소의 미생물학적 용출의 효율성을 평가하였다. 콜로이드 황을 미생물의 에너지원으로 사용하였고 미생물학적 용출에 미치는 콜로이드 황의 농도, 초기 미생물량, 온도, 교반, 고액비 등 다양한 인자의 영향을 평가하였다. 왕수 분해 결과, 대상 토양 내 구리, 납, 아연, 비소의 함량은 각각 114 mg/kg, 235 mg/kg, 94 mg/kg, 71 mg/kg 등으로 나타났다. 미생물학적 용출 실험의 결과, pH 감소 및 중금속과 비소의 용출 농도 증가가 관찰되었다. 주어진 실험 조건에서 가장 높은 용출 효율을 유도하는 콜로이드 황의 농도와 초기에 주입한 미생물량의 범위는 각각 6% 및 6∼36%로 나타났다. 2℃ 조건에서는 28℃에 비해 낮은 용출 효율을 보였고 반응 12일 후부터 비교반 조건에 비하여 교반 조건에서 높은 중금속 및 비소의 용출 효율이 관찰되었다. 용출액에 대한 토양의 비율이 증가할수록 낮은 중금속 및 비소 제거 효율을 나타내었다.

키워드

미생물학적 용출

중금속

황산화균

Acidithiobacillus thiooxidans

콜로이드 황

References

고명수, 박현성, 이종운, 2009, “황산화균 Acidithiobacillus thiooxidans를 이용한 폐금은광산 광미에서의 중금속 용출,” 한국지구시스템공학회지, 제46권 2호, pp. 239-251.
김경웅, 김순오, 이종운, 김주용, 이상우, 이진수, 고일원, 고은정, 신경희, 강소영, 박현성, 2004, 토양오염복원기술, 신광문화사, pp. 110-128.
김주용, 전효택, 1993, 서울지역 및 장항제련소 지역의 토양과 분진 중의 중금속 원소의 분산에 관한 연구, 석사학위 논문, 서울대학교, 서울.
정명채, 1994, “토양중의 중금속 연속추출방법과 사례연구,” 자원환경지질, 제27권 5호, pp. 469-477.
한협조, 이종운, 고명수, 최낙철, 권영호, 김병규, 전효택, 2009, “황산화균 Acidithiobacillus thiooxidans를 이용한사격장 토양 내 중금속 용출,” 자원환경지질, 제42권 5호, pp. 457-469.
Alexander, M., 1999, Biodegradation and bioremediation, Second ed., Academic Press, pp. 378-384.
Alloway, B.J., 1995, Soil process and the behavior of heavy metals, In: Alloway, B.J. (Ed), Heavy metals in soils, Blackie Academic and Professional Publish.
Brookins, D.G., 1988, Eh-pH Diagrams for Geochemistry, Springer-Verlag, New York.
Chatier, M., Metcier, G. and Blais. J.F., 2001, “Partitioning of trace metals before and after biological removal of metals from sediments,” Water resources, Vol. 35, pp. 1435-1444.
Chen, S.Y. and Lin, J.G., 2000, “Influence of solid content on bioleaching of heavy metals from contaminated sediment by Thiobacillus spp.,” J. Chem. Technol. Biotechnol., Vol. 75, pp. 649-656.
Chen, S.Y., and Lin, P.L., 2010, “Optimization of operating parameters for the metal bioleaching process of contaminated soil,” Seperation and Purification Technology, Vol. 71, pp. 178-185.
Gomez, C. and Bosecker, K., 1999, “Leaching heavy metals from contaminated soil by using Thiobacillus ferrooxidans or Thiobacillus thiooxidans,” Geomicrobiol. J., Vol. 16, pp. 233-244.
Gu, X. and Wong, J.W.C., 2004, “Identification of inhibitory substances affecting bioleaching of heavy metals from anaerobically digested sewage sludge,” Environ. Sci. Technol., Vol. 38, pp. 2934–2939.
Jang, A., Jang, H.Y., Kim, S.M., Lee, J.-U. and Kim, I.S., 2002, “Decontamination of heavy metals from dewatered sludge by Acidithiobacillus ferrooxidans,” Environ. Eng. Res., Vol. 7, pp. 199-206.
Kloke, A., 1979, “Content of arsenic, cadmium, chromium, fluorine, lead, mercury and nickel in plants grown on contaminated soil,” UN-ECE Symposium, p. 325.
Kumar, S.N. and Nagendran, R., 2007, “Influence of initial pH on bioleaching of heavy metals from contaminated soil employing indigenous Acidithiobacillus thiooxidans,” Chemosphere, Vol. 66, pp. 1775-1781.
Lee, J.-U., Kim, S.M., Kim, K.W. and Kim, I.S., 2005, “Microbial removal of uranium-bearing black shale,” Chemosphere, Vol. 59, pp. 147-154.
Lombardi, A.T., Garcia, O.J. and Menezes, W.A.N., 2006, “The effect of bacterial leaching on metal partitioning in sewage sludge,” World Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology, Vol. 22, pp. 1013-1019.
Lovely, D.R. and Coates, J.D., 1997, “Bioremediation of metal contamination,” Current opinion in Biotechnology, Vol. 8, pp. 285-289.
Rawlings, D.E., 2005, “Characteristics and adaptability of ironand sulphur-oxidizing microorganisms used for the recovery of metals from minerals and their concentrates,” Microbial Cell Factories, Vol. 4(13), [cited 7 October 2005], Available from http://www.microbialcellfactories.com/content/4/1/13.
Rohwerder, T., Gehrke, T., Kinzler, K. and Sand, W., 2003, “Bioleaching review part A: Progress in bioleaching: Fundamentals and mechanisms of bacterial metal sulphide oxidation,” Applied Microbiology Biotechology, Vol. 63, pp. 236-248.
Seidel, H., Gorsch, K. and Schumichen, A., 2006, “Effect of oxygen limitation on solid-bed bioleaching of heavy metals from contaminated sediments,” Chemosphere, Vol. 65, pp.102-109.
Tsai, L.J., Yu, K.C., Chen, S.F. and Kung, P.Y., 2003, “Effect of temperature on removal of heavy metals from contaminated river sediments via bioleaching,” Water Resource, Vol. 37, pp. 2449-2457.
Tyagi, R.D. and Couillard, D., 1989, Bacterial leaching of metals from sludge, In: Cheremisinoff, P.E. (Ed.), Encyclopedia of environmental control technology, v.3, Gulf Publishing Co, Houston, USA, pp. 557-591.

Information

Publisher :The Korean Society of Mineral and Energy Resources Engineers
Publisher(Ko) :한국자원공학회
Journal Title :Journal of the Korean Society for Geosystem Engineering
Journal Title(Ko) :한국지구시스템공학회지
Volume : 48
No :3
Pages :294-308

[1] 고명수, 박현성, 이종운, 2009, “황산화균 Acidithiobacillus thiooxidans를 이용한 폐금은광산 광미에서의 중금속 용출,” 한국지구시스템공학회지, 제46권 2호, pp. 239-251.

[2] 김경웅, 김순오, 이종운, 김주용, 이상우, 이진수, 고일원, 고은정, 신경희, 강소영, 박현성, 2004, 토양오염복원기술, 신광문화사, pp. 110-128.

[3] 김주용, 전효택, 1993, 서울지역 및 장항제련소 지역의 토양과 분진 중의 중금속 원소의 분산에 관한 연구, 석사학위 논문, 서울대학교, 서울.

[4] 정명채, 1994, “토양중의 중금속 연속추출방법과 사례연구,” 자원환경지질, 제27권 5호, pp. 469-477.

[5] 한협조, 이종운, 고명수, 최낙철, 권영호, 김병규, 전효택, 2009, “황산화균 Acidithiobacillus thiooxidans를 이용한사격장 토양 내 중금속 용출,” 자원환경지질, 제42권 5호, pp. 457-469.

[6] Alexander, M., 1999, Biodegradation and bioremediation, Second ed., Academic Press, pp. 378-384.

[7] Alloway, B.J., 1995, Soil process and the behavior of heavy metals, In: Alloway, B.J. (Ed), Heavy metals in soils, Blackie Academic and Professional Publish.

[8] Brookins, D.G., 1988, Eh-pH Diagrams for Geochemistry, Springer-Verlag, New York.

[9] Chatier, M., Metcier, G. and Blais. J.F., 2001, “Partitioning of trace metals before and after biological removal of metals from sediments,” Water resources, Vol. 35, pp. 1435-1444.

[10] Chen, S.Y. and Lin, J.G., 2000, “Influence of solid content on bioleaching of heavy metals from contaminated sediment by Thiobacillus spp.,” J. Chem. Technol. Biotechnol., Vol. 75, pp. 649-656.

[11] Chen, S.Y., and Lin, P.L., 2010, “Optimization of operating parameters for the metal bioleaching process of contaminated soil,” Seperation and Purification Technology, Vol. 71, pp. 178-185.

[12] Gomez, C. and Bosecker, K., 1999, “Leaching heavy metals from contaminated soil by using Thiobacillus ferrooxidans or Thiobacillus thiooxidans,” Geomicrobiol. J., Vol. 16, pp. 233-244.

[13] Gu, X. and Wong, J.W.C., 2004, “Identification of inhibitory substances affecting bioleaching of heavy metals from anaerobically digested sewage sludge,” Environ. Sci. Technol., Vol. 38, pp. 2934–2939.

[14] Jang, A., Jang, H.Y., Kim, S.M., Lee, J.-U. and Kim, I.S., 2002, “Decontamination of heavy metals from dewatered sludge by Acidithiobacillus ferrooxidans,” Environ. Eng. Res., Vol. 7, pp. 199-206.

[15] Kloke, A., 1979, “Content of arsenic, cadmium, chromium, fluorine, lead, mercury and nickel in plants grown on contaminated soil,” UN-ECE Symposium, p. 325.

[16] Kumar, S.N. and Nagendran, R., 2007, “Influence of initial pH on bioleaching of heavy metals from contaminated soil employing indigenous Acidithiobacillus thiooxidans,” Chemosphere, Vol. 66, pp. 1775-1781.

[17] Lee, J.-U., Kim, S.M., Kim, K.W. and Kim, I.S., 2005, “Microbial removal of uranium-bearing black shale,” Chemosphere, Vol. 59, pp. 147-154.

[18] Lombardi, A.T., Garcia, O.J. and Menezes, W.A.N., 2006, “The effect of bacterial leaching on metal partitioning in sewage sludge,” World Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology, Vol. 22, pp. 1013-1019.

[19] Lovely, D.R. and Coates, J.D., 1997, “Bioremediation of metal contamination,” Current opinion in Biotechnology, Vol. 8, pp. 285-289.

[20] Rawlings, D.E., 2005, “Characteristics and adaptability of ironand sulphur-oxidizing microorganisms used for the recovery of metals from minerals and their concentrates,” Microbial Cell Factories, Vol. 4(13), [cited 7 October 2005], Available from http://www.microbialcellfactories.com/content/4/1/13.

[21] Rohwerder, T., Gehrke, T., Kinzler, K. and Sand, W., 2003, “Bioleaching review part A: Progress in bioleaching: Fundamentals and mechanisms of bacterial metal sulphide oxidation,” Applied Microbiology Biotechology, Vol. 63, pp. 236-248.

[22] Seidel, H., Gorsch, K. and Schumichen, A., 2006, “Effect of oxygen limitation on solid-bed bioleaching of heavy metals from contaminated sediments,” Chemosphere, Vol. 65, pp.102-109.

[23] Tsai, L.J., Yu, K.C., Chen, S.F. and Kung, P.Y., 2003, “Effect of temperature on removal of heavy metals from contaminated river sediments via bioleaching,” Water Resource, Vol. 37, pp. 2449-2457.

[24] Tyagi, R.D. and Couillard, D., 1989, Bacterial leaching of metals from sludge, In: Cheremisinoff, P.E. (Ed.), Encyclopedia of environmental control technology, v.3, Gulf Publishing Co, Houston, USA, pp. 557-591.

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