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2013 Vol.50, Issue 1 Preview Page

Technical Report

A Review on Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Logging: Data Interpretation

자기공명검층 해설: 자료 해석

장재화·남명진

Jae Hwa Jang and Myung Jin Nam

28 February 2013. pp. 144-155
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Abstract
Nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) logging has become one of the effective logging methods to evaluate formation since the generations of NMR logging tools and interpretation techniques have improved. NMR measurements detect decay signal also called T2 relaxation corresponding between proton nuclei in the fluids inside the pore space and radio frequency pulse at the proton resonance frequency. The measured amplitude of the spin echo train, called decay curve, displays on a log as a function of depth and contains important information, such as density of hydrogen in the fluid and fluid type, yet exhibits multi-exponential decay due to variety of pore sizes. For ease of interpretation, the detected decay curve convert to T2 spectrum by using proper T2 inversion methods. The T2 spectrum not only could provide porosity, fluid type but also allow the identification and quantification of fluids in a reservoir. On the basis of these, the more petrophysical information such as permeability and wettability can be estimated. This paper briefly explains the basic theory of NMR first and describes NMR data interpretation including T2 inversion and T2 spectrum analysis.
Keywords
Magnetic resonance logging
Transverse relaxation
T2 inversion
T2 spectrum
NMR interpretation
자기공명검층은 장비의 발달과 더불어 해석기술이 발달함에 따라 지층을 평가하는 가장 효율적인 검층으로 평가되기 시작하였다. 자기공명검층은 수소와 자기장의 상호작용에 따른 감쇠 시그널 즉, 종축이완과 횡축이완을 측정하며, 이때 측정된 자료는 저류층 내 유체에 존재하는 수소 원자에 대한 정보와 감쇠 속도에 대한 정보를 내포하고 있다. 측정된 자료는 보다 용이한 해석을 위해 T2 스펙트럼 그래프로 변환되는데 이를 T2 역산이라 하고, 역산방법과 자료의 보정의 정도에 따라 스펙트럼의 모양과 해상도가 달라지기 때문에 자기공명의 정확한 해석을 위해서는 먼저 정확한 자료처리가 필요하다. 역산을 통해 변환된 T2 스펙트럼그래프는 저류층의 공극률, 공극의 크기 분포, 유체의 종류 및 유착과 같은 중요한 정보를 포함하고 있으며, 이는 다른 검층 자료보다 비교적 정확하기 때문에 이를 기초로 유체 투과도, 습윤성과 같은 정보를 예측 할 수 있다. 이 논문에서는 먼저 자기공명의 이론을 간략하게 설명한 다음, 자기공명검층으로부터 측정된 자료 처리 이론 및 역산 방법과 자기공명검층을 통해 측정된 자료의 해석 및 연구 동향 순서로 살펴보도록 하겠다.
키워드
자기공명검층
횡축이완
T2 역산
T2 스펙트럼
NMR 해석
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Information
  • Publisher :The Korean Society of Mineral and Energy Resources Engineers
  • Publisher(Ko) :한국자원공학회
  • Journal Title :Journal of the Korean Society of Mineral and Energy Resources Engineers
  • Journal Title(Ko) :한국자원공학회지
  • Volume : 50
  • No :1
  • Pages :144-155
  • DOI :https://doi.org/10.12972/ksmer.2013.50.1.144
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