A Comparative Study of Acid Leaching Behavior of Copper from Waste Printed Circuit Boards (PCBs)

doi:None

All Issue

2012 Vol.49, Issue 4 Preview Page Next Page

Research Paper

A Comparative Study of Acid Leaching Behavior of Copper from Waste Printed Circuit Boards (PCBs) 폐인쇄회로기판으로부터 구리 산침출 거동의 비교연구: 김민석·정진기·이재천·김병수·김수경
Min-seuk Kim, Jinki Jeong, Jae-chun Lee, Byung-su Kim and Soo-kyoung Kim

31 August 2012. pp. 479-486

PDF

Abstract

Leaching of copper from the shredded waste printed circuit boards has been studied in nitric and sulfuric acid solutions. Hydrogen peroxide was added as oxidant in the case of sulfuric acid leaching. Effects of parameters such as acid and hydrogen peroxide concentrations, solution temperature, pulp density, and leaching time were investigated. In the nitric acid solution, an optimum copper dissolution of 96% was obtained in 120 min at 90℃ temperature, 100 g/L pulp density and 4.0 M HNO3 concentration. In the 2.0 M sulfuric acid solution with 10 vol.% hydrogen peroxide, 87% of copper was leached out in 120 min at 50℃ temperature and 50 g/L pulp density; the leaching of copper decreased remarkably by increasing the pulp density beyond 50 g/L. Tin and lead, the alloy components of solder, were leached into solution to less than 5% because of precipitation of tin as stannic acid in nitric acid and lead as sulfate in sulfuric acid solutions, respectively.

Keywords

Waste printed circuit boards

Leaching

copper

Nitric acid

Sulfuric acid

질산과 황산을 침출제로 사용하여 분쇄된 폐인쇄회로기판으로부터 구리의 침출거동에 대한 연구를 수행하였다. 황산 침출에서는 과산화수소를 산화제로 첨가하였다. 침출제의 농도, 침출시간과 온도, 과산화수소의 농도, 광액농도 등이 구리의 침출에 미치는 영향을 조사하였다. 질산용액에 의한 구리 침출의 최적조건은 질산농도 4.0 M, 광액농도 100 g/L, 침출온도 90℃, 침출시간 120분이며, 이 때 구리의 침출율은 96% 이었다. 황산농도 2.0 M, 과산화수소 농도 10 vol.%, 광액농도 50 g/L, 침출온도 50℃, 침출시간 120분의 침출조건에서 87%의 구리가 침출되었으며, 광액농도가 50 g/L 이상으로 증가함에 따라 구리 침출율은 급격히 감소하였다. 솔더의 합금원소인 주석과 납은 각각 질산침출에서 주석산, 황산침출에서 황산납으로 석출되어 매우 낮은 침출율을 나타내었다.

키워드

폐인쇄회로기판

침출

구리

질산

황산

References

김병수, 이재천, 서승필, 2003, “용융환원에 의한 폐PCBs로부터 귀금속 농축 회수,” 한국지구시스템공학회지, 40권 3호, pp. 184-190.
안재우, 서재성, 2009, “전자스크랩에서 구리 및 주석의 회수를 위한 질산 침출 및 침출액에서 유리질산 제거 연구,” 자원리싸이클링, 제18권 제5호, pp. 44-51.
오재현, 김준수, 문석민, 민지원, 2011, “한국의 E-waste 리싸이클링시스템과 재자원화사업,” 자원리싸이클링, 제20권 5호, pp. 16-33.
이재천 등, 2006, 폐전기･전자기기의 토탈 리싸이클링 기술개발, 2C-A-1-1, 자원재활용기술개발사업 최종보고서, 한국지질자원연구원, p. 143.
Al-Suhybani, A.A., 1989, “Effect of some inorganic anions on corrosion of tin in nitric acid,” British Corrosion, Vol. 24, pp. 204-210.
Antrekowitsch, H., Potesser, M., Spruzina, W. and Prior, F., 2006, “Metallurgical recycling of electronic scrap,” Proceedings of EPD Congress 2006, TMS, San Antonio, Texas, USA, March 12-16, pp. 899-908.
Bart, H.J., Marr, R., Bauer, A., Schein, R., and Marageter, E., 1990, “Copper extraction in nitrate media,” Hydrometallurgy, Vol. 23, No. 2-3, pp. 281-295.
Brodersen, K., Tartler, D., Bergmann, H.W., Werner, G.D. and Eder, S., 1992, “Scrap of electronics, Hazardous waste or raw material resources?,” Proc. of the 1992 Conf. on the Recycling of Metals, the ASM European Office, the European Council of ASM Intern. and its Technical Committee, Düsseldorf/Neuss - Germany, 13-15 May, pp. 45-51.
Cui, J. and Zhang, L., 2008, “Metallurgical recovery of metals from electronic waste: A review,” J. Hazard. Mater., Vol. 158, No. 2-3, pp. 228-256.
Demir, H. ÖOzmetin C., Kocakerim, M.M., Yapıcı, S. and Çpur M., 2004, “Determination of a semi empirical kinetic model for dissolution of metallic copper particles in HNO3 solutions,” Chemical Engineering and Processing, Vol. 43, pp. 1095-1100.
Hagelűken, C., 2006, “Improving metal returns and eco-efficiency in electronics recycling,” Proceedings of the 2006 IEEE International Symposium on Electronics & the Environment, IEEE, May 8-11, San Francisco, USA, pp. 218-223.
Hoffmann, J.E., 1992, “Recovering precious metals from electronic scrap,” JOM, Vol. 44, No. 7, pp. 43-48.
Jha, M.K., Lee, J.-c., Kumari, A., Choubey, P.K., Kumar, V. and Jeong J., 2011, “Pressure leaching of metals from waste printed circuit boards using sulfuric acid,” JOM, Vol. 63, No. 8, pp. 29-32.
Kim, E.-y., Kim, M.-s., Lee, J.-c., Jeong, J. and Pandey, B.D., 2011, “Leaching kinetics of copper from waste printed circuit boards by electro-generated chlorine in HCl solution,” Hydrometallurgy, Vol. 107, No. 3-4, pp. 124-132.
Kolthoff, I.M., Sandell, E.B., Meehan, E.J. and Bruckenstein, S., 1971, Quantitative Chemical Analysis, 2nd Printing, The Macmillan Company, New York, USA, pp. 834-835.
Koyama, K., Tanaka, M. and Lee, J.-c., 2006, “Copper leaching behavior from waste printed circuit board in ammoniacal alkaline solution,” Materials Transactions, Vol. 47, No. 7, pp. 1788-1792.
Kumar, V., Lee, J.-c., Jeong, J. and Kim, B.-S., 2010, “Review on mechanical recycling of end-of-life electrical and electronic equipments for recovery of metallic components,” J. of the Korean Society for Geosystem Engineering, Vol. 47, No. 5, pp. 593-608.
Lee, J-c., Song, H.T. and Yoo, J-M., 2007, “Present status of the recycling of waste electrical and electronic equipment in Korea,” Res. Conserv. Rec., Vol. 50, No. 5, pp. 380-397.
Mecucci, A. and Scott, K., 2002, “Leaching and electrochemical recovery of copper, lead and tin from scrap printed circuit boards,” J. Chem. Technol. and Biotechnol., Vol. 77, No. 4, pp. 449-457.
Olubami, P.A., Borode, J.O., Ndlovu, S., 2006, “Sulphuric acid leaching of zinc and copper from Nigerian Complex Sulphide Ore in the presence of hydrogen peroxide,” J. of The South African Institute of Mining and Metallurgy, Vol. 106, No. 11, pp. 765-770.
Sun, Elaine Y.L., 1991, “The recovery of metals from electronic scrap,” JOM, Vol. 43, No. 4, pp. 55-61.

Information

Publisher :The Korean Society of Mineral and Energy Resources Engineers
Publisher(Ko) :한국자원공학회
Journal Title :Journal of the Korean Society for Geosystem Engineering
Journal Title(Ko) :한국지구시스템공학회지
Volume : 49
No :4
Pages :479-486

[1] 김병수, 이재천, 서승필, 2003, “용융환원에 의한 폐PCBs로부터 귀금속 농축 회수,” 한국지구시스템공학회지, 40권 3호, pp. 184-190.

[2] 안재우, 서재성, 2009, “전자스크랩에서 구리 및 주석의 회수를 위한 질산 침출 및 침출액에서 유리질산 제거 연구,” 자원리싸이클링, 제18권 제5호, pp. 44-51.

[3] 오재현, 김준수, 문석민, 민지원, 2011, “한국의 E-waste 리싸이클링시스템과 재자원화사업,” 자원리싸이클링, 제20권 5호, pp. 16-33.

[4] 이재천 등, 2006, 폐전기･전자기기의 토탈 리싸이클링 기술개발, 2C-A-1-1, 자원재활용기술개발사업 최종보고서, 한국지질자원연구원, p. 143.

[5] Al-Suhybani, A.A., 1989, “Effect of some inorganic anions on corrosion of tin in nitric acid,” British Corrosion, Vol. 24, pp. 204-210.

[6] Antrekowitsch, H., Potesser, M., Spruzina, W. and Prior, F., 2006, “Metallurgical recycling of electronic scrap,” Proceedings of EPD Congress 2006, TMS, San Antonio, Texas, USA, March 12-16, pp. 899-908.

[7] Bart, H.J., Marr, R., Bauer, A., Schein, R., and Marageter, E., 1990, “Copper extraction in nitrate media,” Hydrometallurgy, Vol. 23, No. 2-3, pp. 281-295.

[8] Brodersen, K., Tartler, D., Bergmann, H.W., Werner, G.D. and Eder, S., 1992, “Scrap of electronics, Hazardous waste or raw material resources?,” Proc. of the 1992 Conf. on the Recycling of Metals, the ASM European Office, the European Council of ASM Intern. and its Technical Committee, Düsseldorf/Neuss - Germany, 13-15 May, pp. 45-51.

[9] Cui, J. and Zhang, L., 2008, “Metallurgical recovery of metals from electronic waste: A review,” J. Hazard. Mater., Vol. 158, No. 2-3, pp. 228-256.

[10] Demir, H. ÖOzmetin C., Kocakerim, M.M., Yapıcı, S. and Çpur M., 2004, “Determination of a semi empirical kinetic model for dissolution of metallic copper particles in HNO3 solutions,” Chemical Engineering and Processing, Vol. 43, pp. 1095-1100.

[11] Hagelűken, C., 2006, “Improving metal returns and eco-efficiency in electronics recycling,” Proceedings of the 2006 IEEE International Symposium on Electronics & the Environment, IEEE, May 8-11, San Francisco, USA, pp. 218-223.

[12] Hoffmann, J.E., 1992, “Recovering precious metals from electronic scrap,” JOM, Vol. 44, No. 7, pp. 43-48.

[13] Jha, M.K., Lee, J.-c., Kumari, A., Choubey, P.K., Kumar, V. and Jeong J., 2011, “Pressure leaching of metals from waste printed circuit boards using sulfuric acid,” JOM, Vol. 63, No. 8, pp. 29-32.

[14] Kim, E.-y., Kim, M.-s., Lee, J.-c., Jeong, J. and Pandey, B.D., 2011, “Leaching kinetics of copper from waste printed circuit boards by electro-generated chlorine in HCl solution,” Hydrometallurgy, Vol. 107, No. 3-4, pp. 124-132.

[15] Kolthoff, I.M., Sandell, E.B., Meehan, E.J. and Bruckenstein, S., 1971, Quantitative Chemical Analysis, 2nd Printing, The Macmillan Company, New York, USA, pp. 834-835.

[16] Koyama, K., Tanaka, M. and Lee, J.-c., 2006, “Copper leaching behavior from waste printed circuit board in ammoniacal alkaline solution,” Materials Transactions, Vol. 47, No. 7, pp. 1788-1792.

[17] Kumar, V., Lee, J.-c., Jeong, J. and Kim, B.-S., 2010, “Review on mechanical recycling of end-of-life electrical and electronic equipments for recovery of metallic components,” J. of the Korean Society for Geosystem Engineering, Vol. 47, No. 5, pp. 593-608.

[18] Lee, J-c., Song, H.T. and Yoo, J-M., 2007, “Present status of the recycling of waste electrical and electronic equipment in Korea,” Res. Conserv. Rec., Vol. 50, No. 5, pp. 380-397.

[19] Mecucci, A. and Scott, K., 2002, “Leaching and electrochemical recovery of copper, lead and tin from scrap printed circuit boards,” J. Chem. Technol. and Biotechnol., Vol. 77, No. 4, pp. 449-457.

[20] Olubami, P.A., Borode, J.O., Ndlovu, S., 2006, “Sulphuric acid leaching of zinc and copper from Nigerian Complex Sulphide Ore in the presence of hydrogen peroxide,” J. of The South African Institute of Mining and Metallurgy, Vol. 106, No. 11, pp. 765-770.

[21] Sun, Elaine Y.L., 1991, “The recovery of metals from electronic scrap,” JOM, Vol. 43, No. 4, pp. 55-61.

Journal of the Korean Society of Mineral and Energy Resources Engineers ISSN:2288-0291(Print) 2288-2790(Online) 한국자원공학회지

All Issue