Recycling Status of Municipal Solid Waste Incineration Bottom Ash and Effect of Chloride on the Environment

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2009 Vol.46, Issue 1 Preview Page Next Page

Recycling Status of Municipal Solid Waste Incineration Bottom Ash and Effect of Chloride on the Environment 소각바닥재의 재활용 현황과 염화물이 환경에 미치는 영향: 안지환, 임미희
Ji-Whan Ahn and Mihee Lim

28 February 2009. pp. 97-107

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Abstract

In this paper, we have reviewed the effect of chloride on the environment to emphasize the need of chloride removal from municipal solid waste incineration (MSWI) bottom ash. Recycling technologies of the bottom ash are focused on minimizing concentrations of contaminants in the ash prior to the manufacture of products to prevent their leaching into the environment. It has been shown that the MSWI bottom ash in Korea contains a large amount of soluble or insoluble chlorides. Although chloride does not affect human health, high concentration of chloride in the environment affects negatively growths of plants and aquatic organisms. It also decreases the diversity of soil microorganisms and changes the composition of soil microbial community. Soil inorganic chloride is related to chlorination of soil organic matter (humic substances), mediated by microorganisms and exoenzymes. Moreover, chloride may increase the mobility of toxic heavy metals from the soil by forming strong complexes with them. Therefore, it is important to understand the effect of chloride on the environment and to develop technologies for chloride removal.

Keywords

Bottom ash

Chloride

Recycling

Waste incineration

본고에서는 도시생활폐기물 소각바닥재에 함유된 염소 제거의 필요성을 강조하기 위해 염소가 환경에 미치는 영향들에 대해 조사하였다. 도시생활폐기물 소각바닥재의 재활용 기술은 오염물질이 환경에 유출되는 것을 방지하기 위해 제품으로의 생산 이전에 바닥재에 함유된 유해물질농도를 감소시키는 것에 초점을 맞추고 있다. 특히 한국의 도시생활폐기물 소각바닥재에는 다량의 용해성 또는 난용해성 염화물이 함유된 것으로 밝혀졌다. 염화물은 인체에 특별한 영향을 미치지는 않지만 환경에 유출된 고농도의 염화물은 식물과 수중 생물의 성장에 악영향을 미친다. 또한 염화물은 토양 미생물 다양성을 감소시키고 토양 미생물 군집 조성을 변화시킨다. 토양의 무기 염화물은 미생물 생체 효소를 매개로 하여 토양유기물질(humic substances)을 염소화시키는 것에 관여하기도 한다. 뿐만 아니라 토양에서 이동성이 큰 염화물은 토양에 흡착하고 있는 독성 중금속들과 강한 복합체를 형성하면서 토양에서 지하수로 중금속의 이동성을 증가시키기도 한다. 이와 같이 염화물이 토양 및 물 환경에 미치는 영향을 이해하고 그 제거를 위한 기술 개발에 노력을 기울일 필요가 있다.

키워드

바닥재

염화물

재활용

생활폐기물소각

References

안지환, 2006, “생활폐기물 소각 바닥재 처리 기술,” 한국지구시스템공학회지, 제43권 3호, pp. 258-267.
조영도, 엄남일, 한기천, 안지환, 이경훈, 반봉찬, 2007, “생활폐기물 소각 바닥재의 수세에 따른 염화물 특성,” 한국지구시스템공학회지, 제44권 2호, pp. 127-134.
환경부･국립환경연구원, 2003, 2002 전국 폐기물 발생 및 처리현황, 행정간행물등록번호 11-1480083-000198-01.
환경부 보도자료, 2007, 환경부, 제2차 국가폐기물관리 종합계획 수정계획(2007-2011) 수립.
환경부, 2005, 2005 생활폐기물소각시설 운영현황.
환경관리공단, 2000, 소각재 재활용과 안전화에 관한 연구.
Ahn, J.W., Cho, H.C., You, K.S., Han, G.C., and Um, M.I., 2007, “Characteristic of carbonation reaction from municipal solid waste incinerator bottom ash as a function of water content and their effect on the stabilization of copper and lead,” Material Science Forum, Vol. 544, No. 545, pp. 533-536.
Abbas, Z., Lindqvist, O., and Steenari, B.M., 2001, “A Study of Cr(VI) in ashes from fluidized bed combustion of municipal solid waste: leaching, secondary reactions and the applicability of some speciation methods,” Waste Management, Vol. 21, pp. 725-739.
Abbas, Z., Moghaddam, A.P., and Steenari, B.M., 2003, “Release of salts from municipal solid waste combustion residues,” Waste Management, Vol. 23, pp. 291-305.
Alsheyab, M.A., and Munoz, A.H., 2006, “Reducing the formation of trihalomethanes (THMs) by ozone combined with hydrogen peroxide (H2O2/O3),” Desalination, Vol. 194, pp. 121-126.
Boghetich, G., Liberti L., Notarnicola, M., Palma, M., and Petruzzelli, D., 2005, “Chloride extraction for quality improvement of municipal solid waste incinerator ash for the concrete industry,” Waste Manage Research, Vol. 23, pp. 57-61.
Bright, D.A. and Addison, J., 2002, “Derivation of matrix soil standards for salt under the British Columbia Contaminated Sites Regulation,” Royal Roads University. Prepared for BC Ministry of Water, Land and Air Protection, BC Ministry of Transportation and Highways, BC Buildings Corp., and the Canadian Association of Petroleum Producers. Victoria, BC.
Boekhold, A., Equine, A., Temminghoff, J.M., and Van der Zee, S.E.A.T.M., 1993, “Influence of electrolyte composition and pH on cadmium sorption by an acid sandy soil,” European Journal of Soil Science, Vol. 44, No. 1, pp. 85-96.
Evans, M., and Frick, C., 2001, The effects of road salts on aquatic ecosystems, NWRI Contribution Series No. 01-000. National Water Research Institute, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan.
Grayndler, M., Rohlenova, J., Kopecky, J., and Matucha, M., 2008, “Chloride concentration affects soil microbial community,” Chemosphere, Vol. 71, pp. 1401-1408.
Haiber, G., Jacob, G., Niedan, V., Nkusi, G., and Scholer, H.F., 1996, “The distribution of trichloroacetic acid TCAA indications of a natural production,” Chemosphere, Vol. 33, pp. 839-849.
Ito, R., Dodbiba, G., Fujita, T., and Ahn, J.W., 2008, “Removal of insoluble chloride from bottom ash for recycling,” Waste Management, Vol. 28, pp. 1317-1323.
Jones, P.H., Jeffrey, B.A., Watler, P.K., and Hutchon, H., 1986, Environmental Impact of Road Salting: State of the Art, Ontario Ministry of Transportation and Communications, Downsview, Ontario, Canada, p. 53.
Lymbery, A.J., Doupe, R.G., and Pettit, N.E., 2003, “Effects of salinisation on riparian plant communities in experimental catchments on the Collie River,” Western Australia. Australian Journal of Botany, Vol. 51, No. 6, pp. 667-672.
McCulloch, A., 2002, “Trichloroacetic acid in the Envrionment,” Chemosphere, Vol. 47, No. 7, pp. 667-686.
Morris, R.D., Audet, A., Angelillo, I.F., Chalmers, T.C., and Mosteller, F., 1992, “Chlorination, Chlorination byproducts, and cancer: A meta-analysis,” American Journal of Public Health, Vol. 82, No. 7, pp. 955-977.
Niedan, V., Pavasars, I., and Oberg, G., 2000, “Chloroperoxidasemediated chlorination of aromatic groups in fulvic acid,” Chemosphere, Vol. 41, pp. 779-785.
Oberg, G., Nordlund, E., and Berg, B., 1996, “In situ formation of organically bound halogens during decomposition of Norway spruce litter –effects of fertilization,” Canadian Journal of Forest Research, Vol. 26, No. 6, pp. 1040-1048.
Oberg, G., Brunberg, H., and Hjelm, O., 1997, “Production of organically bound halogens during degradation of birch wood by common white-rot fungi,” Soil Biology and Biochemisty, Vol. 29, pp. 191-197.
Pera, J., Coutaz, L., Ambroise, J., and Chababbet, M., 1997, “Use of incinerator bottom ash in concrete,” Cement and Concrete Research, Vol. 27, pp. 1-5.
Page, C.L, Short, N.R., and Tarras, A.E., 1981, “Diffusion of chloride ions in hardened cement pastes,” Cement and Concrete Research, Vol. 11, pp. 395-406.
Rasheeduzzafar, S., Hussain, S.E., and Al-Saadoun, S., 1991, “Effect of cement composition on chloride binding and corrosion of reinforcing steel in concrete,” Cement and Concrete Research, Vol. 21, pp. 777-794.
Road Transport Research, OECD, 1989, Curtailing usage of de-icing agents in winter maintenance, pp. 95-103.
Suryavanshi, A.K., and Swamy, R.N., 1996, “Stability of Friedel's salt in carbonated concrete structural elements,” Cement and Concrete Research, Vol. 26, No. 5, pp. 729-741.
Stevenson, F.J., 1994, Humus Chemistry: Genesis, Composition, Reactions, the 2nd Ed., John Willey & Sons Inc., pp. 378-379.
Singer, P.C., 1999, “Humic substances as precursors for potentially harmful disinfection by-productions,” Water Science Technology, Vol. 40, pp. 25-30.
Toshihisa, M., Kazumasa, S., and Hiroaki, T., 1998, “Utilization of municipal solid waste incineratior residue for cement production,” Journal of Japanese Waste Management Association, Vol. 51, pp. 557-561.
UNI, 1991, Italian Technical Regulation UNI 9858.
Verhagen, F.J.M., Swarts, H.J, Kuype, T.W., Wijnberg, J.B.P.A., and Field, J.A., 1996, “The ubiquity of natural adsorbable organic halogen production among basidiomycetes,” Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology, Vol. 45, No. 5, pp. 710-718.
Van der Sloot, H.A., Kosson, D.S., and Hjelmar, O., 2001, “Charateristics, treatment and utilization of residues from municipal waste incineration,” Waste Management, Vol. 21, pp. 753-765.
Weggler, K., Mclaughlin, M.J., and Graham, R.D., 2004, “Effect of chloride in soil solution on the plant availability of biosolid-borne cadmium,” Journal of Environment, Vol. 33, pp. 494-506.
Waller, K., Swan, S.H., DeLorenze, G., and Hopkins, B., 1998, “Trihalomethanes in drinking water and spontaneous abortion,” Epidemiology, Vol. 9, No. 2.

Information

Publisher :The Korean Society of Mineral and Energy Resources Engineers
Publisher(Ko) :한국자원공학회
Journal Title :Journal of the Korean Society for Geosystem Engineering
Journal Title(Ko) :한국지구시스템공학회지
Volume : 46
No :1
Pages :97-107

[1] 안지환, 2006, “생활폐기물 소각 바닥재 처리 기술,” 한국지구시스템공학회지, 제43권 3호, pp. 258-267.

[2] 조영도, 엄남일, 한기천, 안지환, 이경훈, 반봉찬, 2007, “생활폐기물 소각 바닥재의 수세에 따른 염화물 특성,” 한국지구시스템공학회지, 제44권 2호, pp. 127-134.

[3] 환경부･국립환경연구원, 2003, 2002 전국 폐기물 발생 및 처리현황, 행정간행물등록번호 11-1480083-000198-01.

[4] 환경부 보도자료, 2007, 환경부, 제2차 국가폐기물관리 종합계획 수정계획(2007-2011) 수립.

[5] 환경부, 2005, 2005 생활폐기물소각시설 운영현황.

[6] 환경관리공단, 2000, 소각재 재활용과 안전화에 관한 연구.

[7] Ahn, J.W., Cho, H.C., You, K.S., Han, G.C., and Um, M.I., 2007, “Characteristic of carbonation reaction from municipal solid waste incinerator bottom ash as a function of water content and their effect on the stabilization of copper and lead,” Material Science Forum, Vol. 544, No. 545, pp. 533-536.

[8] Abbas, Z., Lindqvist, O., and Steenari, B.M., 2001, “A Study of Cr(VI) in ashes from fluidized bed combustion of municipal solid waste: leaching, secondary reactions and the applicability of some speciation methods,” Waste Management, Vol. 21, pp. 725-739.

[9] Abbas, Z., Moghaddam, A.P., and Steenari, B.M., 2003, “Release of salts from municipal solid waste combustion residues,” Waste Management, Vol. 23, pp. 291-305.

[10] Alsheyab, M.A., and Munoz, A.H., 2006, “Reducing the formation of trihalomethanes (THMs) by ozone combined with hydrogen peroxide (H2O2/O3),” Desalination, Vol. 194, pp. 121-126.

[11] Boghetich, G., Liberti L., Notarnicola, M., Palma, M., and Petruzzelli, D., 2005, “Chloride extraction for quality improvement of municipal solid waste incinerator ash for the concrete industry,” Waste Manage Research, Vol. 23, pp. 57-61.

[12] Bright, D.A. and Addison, J., 2002, “Derivation of matrix soil standards for salt under the British Columbia Contaminated Sites Regulation,” Royal Roads University. Prepared for BC Ministry of Water, Land and Air Protection, BC Ministry of Transportation and Highways, BC Buildings Corp., and the Canadian Association of Petroleum Producers. Victoria, BC.

[13] Boekhold, A., Equine, A., Temminghoff, J.M., and Van der Zee, S.E.A.T.M., 1993, “Influence of electrolyte composition and pH on cadmium sorption by an acid sandy soil,” European Journal of Soil Science, Vol. 44, No. 1, pp. 85-96.

[14] Evans, M., and Frick, C., 2001, The effects of road salts on aquatic ecosystems, NWRI Contribution Series No. 01-000. National Water Research Institute, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan.

[15] Grayndler, M., Rohlenova, J., Kopecky, J., and Matucha, M., 2008, “Chloride concentration affects soil microbial community,” Chemosphere, Vol. 71, pp. 1401-1408.

[16] Haiber, G., Jacob, G., Niedan, V., Nkusi, G., and Scholer, H.F., 1996, “The distribution of trichloroacetic acid TCAA indications of a natural production,” Chemosphere, Vol. 33, pp. 839-849.

[17] Ito, R., Dodbiba, G., Fujita, T., and Ahn, J.W., 2008, “Removal of insoluble chloride from bottom ash for recycling,” Waste Management, Vol. 28, pp. 1317-1323.

[18] Jones, P.H., Jeffrey, B.A., Watler, P.K., and Hutchon, H., 1986, Environmental Impact of Road Salting: State of the Art, Ontario Ministry of Transportation and Communications, Downsview, Ontario, Canada, p. 53.

[19] Lymbery, A.J., Doupe, R.G., and Pettit, N.E., 2003, “Effects of salinisation on riparian plant communities in experimental catchments on the Collie River,” Western Australia. Australian Journal of Botany, Vol. 51, No. 6, pp. 667-672.

[20] McCulloch, A., 2002, “Trichloroacetic acid in the Envrionment,” Chemosphere, Vol. 47, No. 7, pp. 667-686.

[21] Morris, R.D., Audet, A., Angelillo, I.F., Chalmers, T.C., and Mosteller, F., 1992, “Chlorination, Chlorination byproducts, and cancer: A meta-analysis,” American Journal of Public Health, Vol. 82, No. 7, pp. 955-977.

[22] Niedan, V., Pavasars, I., and Oberg, G., 2000, “Chloroperoxidasemediated chlorination of aromatic groups in fulvic acid,” Chemosphere, Vol. 41, pp. 779-785.

[23] Oberg, G., Nordlund, E., and Berg, B., 1996, “In situ formation of organically bound halogens during decomposition of Norway spruce litter –effects of fertilization,” Canadian Journal of Forest Research, Vol. 26, No. 6, pp. 1040-1048.

[24] Oberg, G., Brunberg, H., and Hjelm, O., 1997, “Production of organically bound halogens during degradation of birch wood by common white-rot fungi,” Soil Biology and Biochemisty, Vol. 29, pp. 191-197.

[25] Pera, J., Coutaz, L., Ambroise, J., and Chababbet, M., 1997, “Use of incinerator bottom ash in concrete,” Cement and Concrete Research, Vol. 27, pp. 1-5.

[26] Page, C.L, Short, N.R., and Tarras, A.E., 1981, “Diffusion of chloride ions in hardened cement pastes,” Cement and Concrete Research, Vol. 11, pp. 395-406.

[27] Rasheeduzzafar, S., Hussain, S.E., and Al-Saadoun, S., 1991, “Effect of cement composition on chloride binding and corrosion of reinforcing steel in concrete,” Cement and Concrete Research, Vol. 21, pp. 777-794.

[28] Road Transport Research, OECD, 1989, Curtailing usage of de-icing agents in winter maintenance, pp. 95-103.

[29] Suryavanshi, A.K., and Swamy, R.N., 1996, “Stability of Friedel's salt in carbonated concrete structural elements,” Cement and Concrete Research, Vol. 26, No. 5, pp. 729-741.

[30] Stevenson, F.J., 1994, Humus Chemistry: Genesis, Composition, Reactions, the 2nd Ed., John Willey & Sons Inc., pp. 378-379.

[31] Singer, P.C., 1999, “Humic substances as precursors for potentially harmful disinfection by-productions,” Water Science Technology, Vol. 40, pp. 25-30.

[32] Toshihisa, M., Kazumasa, S., and Hiroaki, T., 1998, “Utilization of municipal solid waste incineratior residue for cement production,” Journal of Japanese Waste Management Association, Vol. 51, pp. 557-561.

[33] UNI, 1991, Italian Technical Regulation UNI 9858.

[34] Verhagen, F.J.M., Swarts, H.J, Kuype, T.W., Wijnberg, J.B.P.A., and Field, J.A., 1996, “The ubiquity of natural adsorbable organic halogen production among basidiomycetes,” Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology, Vol. 45, No. 5, pp. 710-718.

[35] Van der Sloot, H.A., Kosson, D.S., and Hjelmar, O., 2001, “Charateristics, treatment and utilization of residues from municipal waste incineration,” Waste Management, Vol. 21, pp. 753-765.

[36] Weggler, K., Mclaughlin, M.J., and Graham, R.D., 2004, “Effect of chloride in soil solution on the plant availability of biosolid-borne cadmium,” Journal of Environment, Vol. 33, pp. 494-506.

[37] Waller, K., Swan, S.H., DeLorenze, G., and Hopkins, B., 1998, “Trihalomethanes in drinking water and spontaneous abortion,” Epidemiology, Vol. 9, No. 2.

Journal of the Korean Society of Mineral and Energy Resources Engineers ISSN:2288-0291(Print) 2288-2790(Online) 한국자원공학회지

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