An Experimental Study on Relative Permeability and Wettability of Unconsolidated Sediments

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2009 Vol.46, Issue 4 Preview Page Next Page

An Experimental Study on Relative Permeability and Wettability of Unconsolidated Sediments 미고결 퇴적물의 상대유체투과도 및 젖음성 측정을 위한 실험적 연구: 정태문, 배위섭
T.M. Chung and W.S. Bae

31 August 2009. pp. 440-452

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Abstract

This paper presents to evaluate relative permeability curves of unconsolidated samples which have a possibility of bearing gas hydrates and oil sands. The curves were measured in imbibition stage and the effects of the clay contents were also observed by steady-state method. The experimental results were fitted with the various statistical models and analyzed best fits for relative permeability curves of unconsolidated sediments. Furthermore, the authors have built a newly designed wettability measurement system which can measure the wide variety of small core samples using Amott wettability methods. As the clay contents increase, strongly water-wet states were indicated. In the modeling study, Brooks-Corey and Ibrahim model showed better agreement with experimental data than those of Honarpour and Al-Fattah model for oil relative permeability. However, Honarpour and Brooks-Corey model had a better agreement regardless of the clay contents in water relative permeability curves.

Keywords

Relative permeability

Wettability

Unconsolidated sediments

Gas hydrates

Oil sands

본 연구에서는 오일샌드 및 가스하이드레이트가 부존하고 있는 미고결 퇴적층을 대상으로 석유가스 생산의 대표적인 물성인 상대유체투과도에 대한 실험을 정상상태법을 이용하여 수행하였으며, 동일 시료를 대상으로 젖음성(wettability)테스트를 위한 시스템을 제작, 수행하였다. 또한, 상대유체투과도에 대한 실험결과를 경험 및 통계적으로 도출된 식에 적용하여 미고결시료에 적합한 최적의 모델을 분석하였다. 상대유체투과도실험 시 포화도를 측정하기 위한 방법으로 물질수지법과 비저항을 이용한 방법을 통하여 동시에 측정하였다. 점토의 함량이 증가함에 따라 두 방법에 대한 포화도의 일치율은 떨어지는 것으로 확인 되었으며, 젖음성은 점점 증가하는 것으로 확인 되었다. Amott방법을 이용하여 직접적인 측정결과 상대유체투과도그래프에 의해 간접적으로 추론된 결과와 일치하는 것으로 나타났다. 한편 여러 모델에 적용한 결과 오일의 상대유체투과도는 점토의 함량이 증가함에 따라 Brooks-Corey모델과 Ibrahim모델이 상대적으로 우수한 것으로 나타났으며, 반대의 경우 Honarpour모델과 Al-Fattah모델이 상대적으로 높은 일치율을 보이는 것으로 확인 되었다. 하지만, 물의 상대유체투과도곡선에 대한 그래프의 일치율은 점토의 함량과는 관계없이 모든 시료에서 Honarpour모델과 Brooks-Corey모델이 우수한 것으로 확인 되었다.

키워드

본 연구에서는 오일샌드 및 가스하이드레이트가 부존하고 있는 미고결 퇴적층을 대상으로 석유가스 생산의 대표적인 물성인 상대유체투과도에 대한 실험을 정상상태법을 이용하여 수행하였으며

동일 시료를 대상으로 젖음성(wettability)테스트를 위한 시스템을 제작

수행하였다. 또한

상대유체투과도에 대한 실험결과를 경험 및 통계적으로 도출된 식에 적용하여 미고결시료에 적합한 최적의 모델을 분석하였다. 상대유체투과도실험 시 포화도를 측정하기 위한 방법으로 물

References

박삼규, 1995, 비저항고밀도 탐사에 따른 터널지형분류에 관한 연구, 박사학위논문, 오사카대학교, 오사카.
박삼규, 2004, “지반의 전기비저항을 좌우하는 물성요인,” 물리탐사, Vol. 7, No. 2 pp. 130-135.
배위섭, 정태문, 조동호, 안치영, 김승태, 2006, 미고결 퇴적층의 봉압변화에 따른 물성변화 연구, 한국지지질자원연구원 보고서.
성원모, 최영진, 허대기, 1993, “수치해석 방법에 의한 저류암의 상대유체투과율 측정에 관한 연구,” 한국자원공학회지, Vol. 30, pp. 1-10.
한정민, 성원모, 1995, “상대투과도 측정기의 설계, 제작․조립,” 한국자원공학회지, Vol. 32, pp. 46-53.
Al-Fattah, M.S., 2003, “Empirical Equations for Water/Oil Relative Permeability in Saudi Sandstone Reservoirs,” SPE85652, presented at the Annual International Conference and Exhibition, Abuja, Nigeria, Aug. 4-6.
Amott, E., 1959, “Observations Relating to the Wettability of Porous Rock,” Trans. AIME, Vol. 216, pp. 156-162.
Anderson, W.G., 1987, “Wettability Literature Survey-Part 4: Effect of Wettability on Capillary Pressure,” Journal of Petroleum Technology, Vol. 39, No. 10, pp. 1283-1300.
Braun, E.M., and Blackwell, R.J., 1981, “A Steady-State Technique for Measuring Oil-Water Relative Permeability Curves at Reservoir Conditions,” SPE10155, presented at the 56th SPE Annual Technical Conference and Exhibition, San Antonio, Oct. 5-7.
Burdine, N.T., 1953, “Relative Permeability Calculations from Pore Size Distribution Data,” Trans. AIME, Vol. 198, pp. 71-78.
Cockcroft, P.J., Guise, D.R., and Waworuntu, I.D., 1989, “The Effect of Wettability on Estimation of Reserves,” SPE19484, presented at the SPE Asia-pacific Conference, Sydney, Australia, Sept. 13-15.
Craig, F.F., Jr., 1971, The Reservoir Engineering Aspects of Waterflooding Monograph, Society of Petroleum Engineers of AIME, Henry L. Doherty Series, Dallas, Texas.
Goda, H. and Behrenbruch, P., 2004, “Using a modified Brooks-Corey Model to Study Oil-Water Relative Permeability for Diverse Pore Structures,” SPE88538, presented at the SPE Asia-Pacific Annual Technical Conference and Exhibition, Perth, Australia, Oct. 18-20.
Guler, B., Ertekin, T., and Garder, A.S., 2003, “An Artificial Neural Network Based Relative Permeability Predictor,” Journal of Canadian Petroleum Technology, Vol. 42, No. 4, pp. 49-57.
Heaviside, J. and Black, C.J.J, 1983, “Fundamentals of Relative Permeability: Experimental and Theoretical Considerations,” presented at the 58th Annual Technical Conference and Exhibition Petroleum transactions AIME, Dallas, Texas, Oct. 5-8.
Honarpour, M., 1980, “A development of Regression Models for Predicting Two-Phase Relative Permeability in Consolidated Rock,” Ph.D. Dissertation, The University of Missouri-Rolla, USA.
Honarpour, M., Koederitz, L.F., and Harvey, A.H., 1982, “Empirical Equations for Estimating Two-Phase Relative Permeability in Consolidated Rock,” Journal of Petroleum Technology, Vol. 34, No. 12, pp. 2905-2908.
Honarpour, M., Koederitz, L.F., and Harvey, A.H., 1986, “Relative Permeability of Petroleum Reservoir,” CRC Press, Inc, Boca Raton.
Ibrahim, M.N. and Koederitz, L.F., 2000, “Two-Phase Relative Permeability Prediction Using a Linear Regression Model,” SPE65631, presented at the SPE Eastern Regional Meeting, Morgantown, West Virgina, Oct. 17-19.
Ibrahim, M.N. and Koederitz, L.F., 2001, “Two-Phase Steady-State and Unsteady-State Relative Permeability Prediction Models,” SPE68065, Presented at the SPE Middle East Oil Show, Bahrin, Mar. 17-20.
Kalam, M.Z., Al-Alawi, S.M., and Al-Shekaili, S., 1997, “A novel Technique for Predicting End-Point Relative Permeabilities of Heterogeneous Limestones from Log Derived Input Data,” SPE37694, presented at the Middle East Oil Show and Technical Exhibition, Bahrin, Mar. 15-18.
Schlumberger, 1985, “Schlumberger Log Interpretation Chart,” Schlumberger Well Services, Gen-9.

Information

Publisher :The Korean Society of Mineral and Energy Resources Engineers
Publisher(Ko) :한국자원공학회
Journal Title :Journal of the Korean Society for Geosystem Engineering
Journal Title(Ko) :한국지구시스템공학회지
Volume : 46
No :4
Pages :440-452

[1] 박삼규, 1995, 비저항고밀도 탐사에 따른 터널지형분류에 관한 연구, 박사학위논문, 오사카대학교, 오사카.

[2] 박삼규, 2004, “지반의 전기비저항을 좌우하는 물성요인,” 물리탐사, Vol. 7, No. 2 pp. 130-135.

[3] 배위섭, 정태문, 조동호, 안치영, 김승태, 2006, 미고결 퇴적층의 봉압변화에 따른 물성변화 연구, 한국지지질자원연구원 보고서.

[4] 성원모, 최영진, 허대기, 1993, “수치해석 방법에 의한 저류암의 상대유체투과율 측정에 관한 연구,” 한국자원공학회지, Vol. 30, pp. 1-10.

[5] 한정민, 성원모, 1995, “상대투과도 측정기의 설계, 제작․조립,” 한국자원공학회지, Vol. 32, pp. 46-53.

[6] Al-Fattah, M.S., 2003, “Empirical Equations for Water/Oil Relative Permeability in Saudi Sandstone Reservoirs,” SPE85652, presented at the Annual International Conference and Exhibition, Abuja, Nigeria, Aug. 4-6.

[7] Amott, E., 1959, “Observations Relating to the Wettability of Porous Rock,” Trans. AIME, Vol. 216, pp. 156-162.

[8] Anderson, W.G., 1987, “Wettability Literature Survey-Part 4: Effect of Wettability on Capillary Pressure,” Journal of Petroleum Technology, Vol. 39, No. 10, pp. 1283-1300.

[9] Braun, E.M., and Blackwell, R.J., 1981, “A Steady-State Technique for Measuring Oil-Water Relative Permeability Curves at Reservoir Conditions,” SPE10155, presented at the 56th SPE Annual Technical Conference and Exhibition, San Antonio, Oct. 5-7.

[10] Burdine, N.T., 1953, “Relative Permeability Calculations from Pore Size Distribution Data,” Trans. AIME, Vol. 198, pp. 71-78.

[11] Cockcroft, P.J., Guise, D.R., and Waworuntu, I.D., 1989, “The Effect of Wettability on Estimation of Reserves,” SPE19484, presented at the SPE Asia-pacific Conference, Sydney, Australia, Sept. 13-15.

[12] Craig, F.F., Jr., 1971, The Reservoir Engineering Aspects of Waterflooding Monograph, Society of Petroleum Engineers of AIME, Henry L. Doherty Series, Dallas, Texas.

[13] Goda, H. and Behrenbruch, P., 2004, “Using a modified Brooks-Corey Model to Study Oil-Water Relative Permeability for Diverse Pore Structures,” SPE88538, presented at the SPE Asia-Pacific Annual Technical Conference and Exhibition, Perth, Australia, Oct. 18-20.

[14] Guler, B., Ertekin, T., and Garder, A.S., 2003, “An Artificial Neural Network Based Relative Permeability Predictor,” Journal of Canadian Petroleum Technology, Vol. 42, No. 4, pp. 49-57.

[15] Heaviside, J. and Black, C.J.J, 1983, “Fundamentals of Relative Permeability: Experimental and Theoretical Considerations,” presented at the 58th Annual Technical Conference and Exhibition Petroleum transactions AIME, Dallas, Texas, Oct. 5-8.

[16] Honarpour, M., 1980, “A development of Regression Models for Predicting Two-Phase Relative Permeability in Consolidated Rock,” Ph.D. Dissertation, The University of Missouri-Rolla, USA.

[17] Honarpour, M., Koederitz, L.F., and Harvey, A.H., 1982, “Empirical Equations for Estimating Two-Phase Relative Permeability in Consolidated Rock,” Journal of Petroleum Technology, Vol. 34, No. 12, pp. 2905-2908.

[18] Honarpour, M., Koederitz, L.F., and Harvey, A.H., 1986, “Relative Permeability of Petroleum Reservoir,” CRC Press, Inc, Boca Raton.

[19] Ibrahim, M.N. and Koederitz, L.F., 2000, “Two-Phase Relative Permeability Prediction Using a Linear Regression Model,” SPE65631, presented at the SPE Eastern Regional Meeting, Morgantown, West Virgina, Oct. 17-19.

[20] Ibrahim, M.N. and Koederitz, L.F., 2001, “Two-Phase Steady-State and Unsteady-State Relative Permeability Prediction Models,” SPE68065, Presented at the SPE Middle East Oil Show, Bahrin, Mar. 17-20.

[21] Kalam, M.Z., Al-Alawi, S.M., and Al-Shekaili, S., 1997, “A novel Technique for Predicting End-Point Relative Permeabilities of Heterogeneous Limestones from Log Derived Input Data,” SPE37694, presented at the Middle East Oil Show and Technical Exhibition, Bahrin, Mar. 15-18.

[22] Schlumberger, 1985, “Schlumberger Log Interpretation Chart,” Schlumberger Well Services, Gen-9.

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