Lithium Recovery From Shale Gas Produced Water Using H2TiO3

doi:10.12972/ksmer.2016.53.5.482

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2016 Vol.53, Issue 5 Preview Page Next Page

Research Paper

Lithium Recovery From Shale Gas Produced Water Using H₂TiO₃ H₂TiO₃를 이용한 셰일가스 생산수 중 리튬 회수: 장윤재·정은혜
YunJai Jang and Eunhyea Chung

31 October 2016. pp. 482-488

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Abstract

This study aims to recover lithium ion in shale gas produced water which was synthesized in laboratoryreferring to composition of produced water of Marcellus shale area. The adsorbent used for recovering lithium in produced water was H2TiO3 which was synthesized with Li2CO3 and TiO2. The lithium adsorptive capacity was observed with changing pH of produced water and using NaHCO3 as buffer to fix the pH of produced water. Without using buffer, the adsorptive capacity was very low and the adsorptive capacity increased with increase in pH of produced water. By adding buffer, the adsorptive capacity increased to maximum adsorptive capacity of 23.6 mg/g. It is, however, lower than the theoretical maximum capacity due to high TDS concentration in the produced water.

Keywords

Lithium recovery

Adsorption

Shale gas produced water

H2TiO3

이 연구에서는 티타늄 기반의 흡착제를 합성하여 셰일가스 생산수 중 리튬을 회수하고자 하였다. 셰일가스 생산수는 미국 Marcellus 지역의 생산수 조성에 따라 실험실에서 합성하여 사용하였으며, 흡착제는 Li2CO3와 TiO2를 이용해 합성하였다. 생성된 흡착제를 이용하여 pH의 변화 및 버퍼의 유무에 따른 리튬 흡착량 변화를 관찰하였다. 합성 셰일가스 생산수 용액 내 흡착제의 반응속도 등 흡착 메커니즘을 이해하기 위하여 kinetic 실험과 등온흡착 실험 또한 진행하였다. 실험 결과 아무것도 첨가하지 않은 생산수에서는 티타늄 기반 흡착제에 의한 반응이 거의 일어나지 않았으며, KOH 수용액을 이용해 pH를 증가시킬수록 리튬 흡착량이 늘어났다. NaHCO3 버퍼를 첨가하였을 때는 12.24 mg/g, NaHCO3버퍼와 KOH를 함께 첨가한 용액에서는 13.37 m/g의 흡착량을 보였다. 생산수의 최대 리튬 흡착량은 H2TiO3를 생산수 부피의 1 g/L로 첨가하여 진행한 실험에서 23.6 mg/g으로 나타났다. 그러나 합성된 흡착제의 흡착능은 생산수의 높은 TDS 로 인해 등온흡착 그래프에서 계산된 최대성능에 미치지 못하였다.

키워드

리튬 회수

리튬 흡착

셰일가스 생산수

H2TiO3

References

Annual Energy Outlook, 2015, U.S. Energy Information Administration.
Awano, S., Saiki, A., Tamamura, Y. and Abe, M., 2003, “Synthesis and Ion Exchange Properties of Monoclinic Titanic Acid (H2TiO3),” Journal of Ion Exchange, Vol. 14, pp. 181-184.
Chitrakar, R., Kanoh, H., Miyai, Y. and Ooi, K., 2001, “Recovery of Lithium from Seawater Using Manganese Oxide Adsorbent (H1.6Mn1.6O4) Derived from Li1.6Mn1.6O4,” Industrial & Engineering Chemistry Research, Vol. 40, pp. 2054-2058.
Chitrakar, R., Makita, Y., Ooi, K. and Sonoda, A., 2014, “Lithium recovery from salt lake brine by H₂TiO₃,” Dalton Transactions, Vol. 43, pp. 8933-8939.
Gregory, K.B., Vidic, R.D. and Dzombak, D.A., 2011, “Water Management Challenges Associated with the Production of Shale Gas by Hydraulic Fracturing,” Elements, Vol. 7, No. 3, pp. 181-186.
Gruber, P.W., Medina, P.A., Keoleian, G.A., Kesler, S.E., Everson, M.P. and Wallington, T.J., 2011, “Global Lithium Availability,” Journal of Industrial Ecology, Vol. 15, No. 5, pp. 760-775.
Haluszczak, L.O., Rose, A.W. and Kump, L.R., 2013, “Geochemical evaluation of flowback brine from Marcellus gas wells in Pennsylvania, USA,” J. of Applied Geochemistry, Vol. 28, pp. 55-61.
Hano, T., Matsumoto, M., Ohtake, T., Egashira, N. and Hori, F., 1992, “Recovery Of Lithium From Geothermal Water by Solvent Extraction Technique,” Solvent Extraction and Ion Exchange, Vol. 10, No. 2, pp. 192-206.
Hong, H.J., Park, I.S., Ryu, T.R., Ryu, J.H., Kim, B.G. and Chung, K.S., 2013, “Granulation of Li1.33Mn1.67O4 (LMO) through the use of cross-linked chitosan for the effective recovery of Li+ from seawater,” Chemical Engineering Journal, Vol. 234, pp. 16-22.
Kanoh, H., Ooi, K., Miyai, Y. and Katoh, S., 1993, “Electrochemical Recovery of Lithium Ions in the Aqueous Phase,” Separation Science and Technology, Vol. 28, pp. 643-651.
Quist-Jensen, C.A., Ali, A., Mondal, S., Macedonio, F. and Drioli, E., 2016, “A study of membrane distillation and crystallization for lithium recovery from high-concentrated aqueous solutions,” Journal of Membrane Science, Vol. 505, pp. 167-173.
Shi, X., Zhang, Z., Zhou, D., Zhang, L., Chen, B. and Yu, L., 2013, “Synthesis of Li+ adsorbent (H₂TiO₃) and its adsorption properties,” Transactions of Nonferrous Metals Society China, Vol. 23, pp. 253-259.
Spellman, F.R., 2012, Environmental impacts of hydraulic fracturing, CRC Press, London and New York, p. 120.
U.S. Geological Survey, 2016, “Mineral Commodity Summaries 2016,” U.S. Geological Survey.
Veil, J., 2015, “U.S. Produced Water Volumes And Management Practices in 2012,” Veil Environmental, LLC.
Wang, L., Meng, C.G. and Ma, W., 2009, “Study on Li+ uptake by lithium ion-sieve via the pH technique,” Colloids and Surfaces A, Vol. 334, pp. 34-39.
Wang, L., Meng, C.G., Han, M. and Ma, W., 2008, “Lithium uptake in fixed-pH solution by ion sieves,” Journal of Colloid and Interface Science, Vol. 325, pp. 31-40.
Warner, N.R., Christie, C.A., Jackson, R.B. and Vengosh, A., 2013, “Impacts of Shale Gas Wastewater Disposal on Water Quality in Western Pennsylvania,” Environmental Science & Technology, Vol. 47, No. 20, pp. 11849-11857.
Xiao, J., Sun, S., Wang, J., Li, P. and Yu, J., 2013, “Synthesis and Adsorption Properties of Li1.6Mn1.6O4 Spinel,” Industrial & Engineering Chemistry Research, Vol. 52, pp. 11967-11973.
Zhang, L., Zhou, D., Yao, Q. and Zhou, J., 2016, “Preparation of H₂TiO₃-lithium adsorbent by the sol–gel process andits adsorption performance,” Applied Surface Science, Vol. 368, pp. 82-87.

Information

Publisher :The Korean Society of Mineral and Energy Resources Engineers
Publisher(Ko) :한국자원공학회
Journal Title :Journal of the Korean Society of Mineral and Energy Resources Engineers
Journal Title(Ko) :한국자원공학회지
Volume : 53
No :5
Pages :482-488
DOI :https://doi.org/10.12972/ksmer.2016.53.5.482

[1] Annual Energy Outlook, 2015, U.S. Energy Information Administration.

[2] Awano, S., Saiki, A., Tamamura, Y. and Abe, M., 2003, “Synthesis and Ion Exchange Properties of Monoclinic Titanic Acid (H2TiO3),” Journal of Ion Exchange, Vol. 14, pp. 181-184.

[3] Chitrakar, R., Kanoh, H., Miyai, Y. and Ooi, K., 2001, “Recovery of Lithium from Seawater Using Manganese Oxide Adsorbent (H1.6Mn1.6O4) Derived from Li1.6Mn1.6O4,” Industrial & Engineering Chemistry Research, Vol. 40, pp. 2054-2058.

[4] Chitrakar, R., Makita, Y., Ooi, K. and Sonoda, A., 2014, “Lithium recovery from salt lake brine by H₂TiO₃,” Dalton Transactions, Vol. 43, pp. 8933-8939.

[5] Gregory, K.B., Vidic, R.D. and Dzombak, D.A., 2011, “Water Management Challenges Associated with the Production of Shale Gas by Hydraulic Fracturing,” Elements, Vol. 7, No. 3, pp. 181-186.

[6] Gruber, P.W., Medina, P.A., Keoleian, G.A., Kesler, S.E., Everson, M.P. and Wallington, T.J., 2011, “Global Lithium Availability,” Journal of Industrial Ecology, Vol. 15, No. 5, pp. 760-775.

[7] Haluszczak, L.O., Rose, A.W. and Kump, L.R., 2013, “Geochemical evaluation of flowback brine from Marcellus gas wells in Pennsylvania, USA,” J. of Applied Geochemistry, Vol. 28, pp. 55-61.

[8] Hano, T., Matsumoto, M., Ohtake, T., Egashira, N. and Hori, F., 1992, “Recovery Of Lithium From Geothermal Water by Solvent Extraction Technique,” Solvent Extraction and Ion Exchange, Vol. 10, No. 2, pp. 192-206.

[9] Hong, H.J., Park, I.S., Ryu, T.R., Ryu, J.H., Kim, B.G. and Chung, K.S., 2013, “Granulation of Li1.33Mn1.67O4 (LMO) through the use of cross-linked chitosan for the effective recovery of Li+ from seawater,” Chemical Engineering Journal, Vol. 234, pp. 16-22.

[10] Kanoh, H., Ooi, K., Miyai, Y. and Katoh, S., 1993, “Electrochemical Recovery of Lithium Ions in the Aqueous Phase,” Separation Science and Technology, Vol. 28, pp. 643-651.

[11] Quist-Jensen, C.A., Ali, A., Mondal, S., Macedonio, F. and Drioli, E., 2016, “A study of membrane distillation and crystallization for lithium recovery from high-concentrated aqueous solutions,” Journal of Membrane Science, Vol. 505, pp. 167-173.

[12] Shi, X., Zhang, Z., Zhou, D., Zhang, L., Chen, B. and Yu, L., 2013, “Synthesis of Li+ adsorbent (H₂TiO₃) and its adsorption properties,” Transactions of Nonferrous Metals Society China, Vol. 23, pp. 253-259.

[13] Spellman, F.R., 2012, Environmental impacts of hydraulic fracturing, CRC Press, London and New York, p. 120.

[14] U.S. Geological Survey, 2016, “Mineral Commodity Summaries 2016,” U.S. Geological Survey.

[15] Veil, J., 2015, “U.S. Produced Water Volumes And Management Practices in 2012,” Veil Environmental, LLC.

[16] Wang, L., Meng, C.G. and Ma, W., 2009, “Study on Li+ uptake by lithium ion-sieve via the pH technique,” Colloids and Surfaces A, Vol. 334, pp. 34-39.

[17] Wang, L., Meng, C.G., Han, M. and Ma, W., 2008, “Lithium uptake in fixed-pH solution by ion sieves,” Journal of Colloid and Interface Science, Vol. 325, pp. 31-40.

[18] Warner, N.R., Christie, C.A., Jackson, R.B. and Vengosh, A., 2013, “Impacts of Shale Gas Wastewater Disposal on Water Quality in Western Pennsylvania,” Environmental Science & Technology, Vol. 47, No. 20, pp. 11849-11857.

[19] Xiao, J., Sun, S., Wang, J., Li, P. and Yu, J., 2013, “Synthesis and Adsorption Properties of Li1.6Mn1.6O4 Spinel,” Industrial & Engineering Chemistry Research, Vol. 52, pp. 11967-11973.

[20] Zhang, L., Zhou, D., Yao, Q. and Zhou, J., 2016, “Preparation of H₂TiO₃-lithium adsorbent by the sol–gel process andits adsorption performance,” Applied Surface Science, Vol. 368, pp. 82-87.

Journal of the Korean Society of Mineral and Energy Resources Engineers ISSN:2288-0291(Print) 2288-2790(Online) 한국자원공학회지

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