Visualization of 3D Geological Models on Google Earth using COLLADA and KML

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2012 Vol.49, Issue 4 Preview Page Next Page

Research Paper

Visualization of 3D Geological Models on Google Earth using COLLADA and KML COLLADA와 KML을 이용한 3차원 지질 모델링 자료의 구글어스상 가시화: 최요순·엄정기·박명호
Yosoon Choi, Jeong-Gi Um and Myong-Ho Park

31 August 2012. pp. 498-506

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Abstract

This paper presents a method to visualize 3D geological models on Google Earth using COLLAborative Design Activity(COLLADA, an open standard XML schema for establishing interactive 3D applications) and Keyhole Markup Language(KML, the XML-based scripting language of Google Earth). COLLADA was used to represent different 3D geological models such as borehole, fence section, surface-based 3D volume and 3D grid by triangle meshes(a set of triangles connected by their common edges or corners). KML codes were designed to import the COLLADA files into the 3D render window of Google Earth. An application to the Grosmont formation in Alberta, Canada showed that the combination of COLLADA and KML enables Google Earth to visualize 3D geological structures and properties.

Keywords

Geological modeling

Google Earth

Visualization

COLLADA

KML

본 논문에서는 3차원 응용 프로그램 개발을 위한 개방 표준 XML 스키마인 COLLAborative Design Activity(COLLADA)와 XML 기반의 스크립팅 언어인 Keyhole Markup Language(KML)을 이용하여 3차원 지질 모델링 자료를 구글어스를 통해 가시화할 수 있는 방법을 제시한다. 시추공 로깅 자료, 지질 단면도, 3차원 볼륨 자료, 3차원 격자 자료와 같은 다양한 3차원 지질 모델들을 삼각망 형태로 표현하고, 물리적으로 저장하기 위해 COLLADA 파일이 사용되었다. 또한, COLLADA 파일에 저장된 3차원 지질 모델링 자료들을 구글어스로 불러올 수 있도록 KML 코드를 작성하였다. 캐나다 그로스몬트 탄산염암 저류층 일부지역에 대한 사례연구 결과, COLLADA 파일과 KML 코드를 함께 사용함으로써 3차원 지질 모델링 자료를 구글어스를 통해 효과적으로 가시화할 수 있음을 확인할 수 있었다.

키워드

지질 모델링

구글어스

가시화

COLLADA

KML

References

최요순, Nieto, 2011, “구글어스와 GPSS/H를 이용한 노천 채광장의 적재-운반 시뮬레이션 소프트웨어 개발,” 한국지구시스템공학회지, 제48권 6호, pp. 734-743.
Ballagh, L.M., Raup, B.H., Duerr, R.E., Khalsa, S.J.S., Helm, C., Fowler, D. and Gupte, A., 2011, “Representing scientific data sets in KML: Methods and challenges,” Computers & Geosciences, Vol. 37, No. 1, pp. 57-64.
Bay Bridge Public Information Office, 2011, Bay Bridge uses Google Earth to reveal iconic construction process, Available from: http://baybridgeinfo.org, Accessed 70 July 2012.
Boulos, M.N.K., 2005, “Web GIS in practice III: creating a simple interactive map of England’s Strategic Health Authorities using Google Maps API, Google Earth KML, and MSN Virtual Earth Map Control,” International Journal of Health Geographics, Vol. 4, No. 1, pp. 22.
Chen, A., Leptoukh, G., Kempler, S., Lynnes, C., Savtchenko, A., Nadeau, D. and Farley, J., 2009, “Visualization of A-Train vertical profiles using Google Earth,” Computers & Geosciences, Vol. 35, No. 2, pp. 419-427.
Chien, N.Q. and Tan, S.K., 2011, “Google Earth as a tool in 2-D hydrodynamic modeling,” Computers & Geosciences, Vol. 37, No. 1, pp. 38-46.
De Paor, D.G. and Whitmeyer, S.J., 2011, “Geological and geophysical modeling on virtual globes using KML, COLLADA, and Javascript,” Computers & Geosciences, Vol. 37, No. 1, pp. 100-110.
Lower Manhattan Construction Command Center, 2011, Construction projects and street impacts, Available from: http://lowermanhattan.info/construction/ipm/4d/map/index.php, Accessed 70 July 2012.
National September 11 Memorial and Museum, 2011, Google Earth: a virtual look at the World Trade Center site, Available from: http://www.national911memorial.org/google-earth, Accessed 70 July 2012.
Patterson, T.C., 2007, “Google Earth as a (not just) geography education tool,” Journal of Geography, Vol. 106, No. 4, pp. 145-152.
Postpischl, L., Danecek, P., Morelli, A. and Pondrelli, S., 2011, “Standardization of seismic tomographic models and earthquake focal mechanisms data sets based on web technologies, visualization with keyhole markup language,” Computers & Geosciences, Vol. 37, No. 1, pp. 47-56.
Sheppard, S.R.J. and Cizek, P., 2009, “The ethics of Google Earth: crossing thresholds from spatial data to landscape visualization,” Journal of Environmental Management, Vol. 90, No. 6, pp. 2102-2117.
Sun, E., Nieto, A. and Li, Z., 2010, “GPS and Google Earth based 3D assisted driving system for trucks in surface mines,” Mining Science and Technology (China), Vol. 20, No. 1, pp. 138-142.
Tomaszewski, B., 2011, “Situation awareness and virtual globes: Applications for disaster management,” Computers & Geosciences, Vol. 37, No. 1, pp. 86-92.
Yamagishi, Y., Yanaka, H., Suzuki, K., Tsuboi, S., Isse, T., Obayashi, M., Tamura, H. and Nagao, H., 2010, “Visualization of geoscience data on Google Earth: development of a data converter system for seismic tomographic models,” Computers & Geosciences, Vol. 36, No. 3, pp. 373-382.
Walsh, G.J., 2009, A method for creating a three-dimensional model form published geologic maps and cross sections, Open-File Report 2009-1229, U.S. Geological Survey, USA, pp. 1-16. Available from: http://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2009/1229/, Accessed 70 July 2012.
Webley, P.W., 2011, “Virtual Globe visualization of ash-aviation encounters, with the special case of the 1989 Redoubt-KLM incident,” Computers & Geosciences, Vol. 37, No. 1, pp. 25-37.
Wright, T.E., Burton, M., Pyle, D.M. and Caltabiano, T., 2009, “Visualizing volcanic gas plumes with virtual globes,” Computers & Geosciences, Vol. 35, No. 9, pp. 1837-1842.

Information

Publisher :The Korean Society of Mineral and Energy Resources Engineers
Publisher(Ko) :한국자원공학회
Journal Title :Journal of the Korean Society for Geosystem Engineering
Journal Title(Ko) :한국지구시스템공학회지
Volume : 49
No :4
Pages :498-506

[1] 최요순, Nieto, 2011, “구글어스와 GPSS/H를 이용한 노천 채광장의 적재-운반 시뮬레이션 소프트웨어 개발,” 한국지구시스템공학회지, 제48권 6호, pp. 734-743.

[2] Ballagh, L.M., Raup, B.H., Duerr, R.E., Khalsa, S.J.S., Helm, C., Fowler, D. and Gupte, A., 2011, “Representing scientific data sets in KML: Methods and challenges,” Computers & Geosciences, Vol. 37, No. 1, pp. 57-64.

[3] Bay Bridge Public Information Office, 2011, Bay Bridge uses Google Earth to reveal iconic construction process, Available from: http://baybridgeinfo.org, Accessed 70 July 2012.

[4] Boulos, M.N.K., 2005, “Web GIS in practice III: creating a simple interactive map of England’s Strategic Health Authorities using Google Maps API, Google Earth KML, and MSN Virtual Earth Map Control,” International Journal of Health Geographics, Vol. 4, No. 1, pp. 22.

[5] Chen, A., Leptoukh, G., Kempler, S., Lynnes, C., Savtchenko, A., Nadeau, D. and Farley, J., 2009, “Visualization of A-Train vertical profiles using Google Earth,” Computers & Geosciences, Vol. 35, No. 2, pp. 419-427.

[6] Chien, N.Q. and Tan, S.K., 2011, “Google Earth as a tool in 2-D hydrodynamic modeling,” Computers & Geosciences, Vol. 37, No. 1, pp. 38-46.

[7] De Paor, D.G. and Whitmeyer, S.J., 2011, “Geological and geophysical modeling on virtual globes using KML, COLLADA, and Javascript,” Computers & Geosciences, Vol. 37, No. 1, pp. 100-110.

[8] Lower Manhattan Construction Command Center, 2011, Construction projects and street impacts, Available from: http://lowermanhattan.info/construction/ipm/4d/map/index.php, Accessed 70 July 2012.

[9] National September 11 Memorial and Museum, 2011, Google Earth: a virtual look at the World Trade Center site, Available from: http://www.national911memorial.org/google-earth, Accessed 70 July 2012.

[10] Patterson, T.C., 2007, “Google Earth as a (not just) geography education tool,” Journal of Geography, Vol. 106, No. 4, pp. 145-152.

[11] Postpischl, L., Danecek, P., Morelli, A. and Pondrelli, S., 2011, “Standardization of seismic tomographic models and earthquake focal mechanisms data sets based on web technologies, visualization with keyhole markup language,” Computers & Geosciences, Vol. 37, No. 1, pp. 47-56.

[12] Sheppard, S.R.J. and Cizek, P., 2009, “The ethics of Google Earth: crossing thresholds from spatial data to landscape visualization,” Journal of Environmental Management, Vol. 90, No. 6, pp. 2102-2117.

[13] Sun, E., Nieto, A. and Li, Z., 2010, “GPS and Google Earth based 3D assisted driving system for trucks in surface mines,” Mining Science and Technology (China), Vol. 20, No. 1, pp. 138-142.

[14] Tomaszewski, B., 2011, “Situation awareness and virtual globes: Applications for disaster management,” Computers & Geosciences, Vol. 37, No. 1, pp. 86-92.

[15] Yamagishi, Y., Yanaka, H., Suzuki, K., Tsuboi, S., Isse, T., Obayashi, M., Tamura, H. and Nagao, H., 2010, “Visualization of geoscience data on Google Earth: development of a data converter system for seismic tomographic models,” Computers & Geosciences, Vol. 36, No. 3, pp. 373-382.

[16] Walsh, G.J., 2009, A method for creating a three-dimensional model form published geologic maps and cross sections, Open-File Report 2009-1229, U.S. Geological Survey, USA, pp. 1-16. Available from: http://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2009/1229/, Accessed 70 July 2012.

[17] Webley, P.W., 2011, “Virtual Globe visualization of ash-aviation encounters, with the special case of the 1989 Redoubt-KLM incident,” Computers & Geosciences, Vol. 37, No. 1, pp. 25-37.

[18] Wright, T.E., Burton, M., Pyle, D.M. and Caltabiano, T., 2009, “Visualizing volcanic gas plumes with virtual globes,” Computers & Geosciences, Vol. 35, No. 9, pp. 1837-1842.

Journal of the Korean Society of Mineral and Energy Resources Engineers ISSN:2288-0291(Print) 2288-2790(Online) 한국자원공학회지

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