Variation of Fluorine Concentration in Soil according to Quicklime and Distillation Temperature

Dong Jun Shin; Ji Young Kang; Sung Hyen Cho; Dae Guen Yun; Ji Cheol Kwon; Jeong Wook Kim; Myung Chae Jung

doi:10.32390/ksmer.2025.62.2.081

All Issue

2025 Vol.62, Issue 2 Preview Page Next Page

Research Paper

Variation of Fluorine Concentration in Soil according to Quicklime and Distillation Temperature 생석회와 증류온도에 따른 토양 중 불소농도 변화 연구

30 April 2025. pp. 81-88

PDF XML

Abstract

This study aimed to identify the major source of error in soil fluoride analysis and evaluate the effects of the distillation temperature and purity of the quicklime on measured fluoride concentrations. Fluoride levels were analyzed in eight quicklime products (four domestic and four international). The highest fluoride concentration (141.3 mg/kg) was detected in Indian quicklime, while Chinese quicklime showed the lowest (7.6 mg/kg). Domestic products contained 20–40 mg/kg, exceeding the quantification limit of 10 mg/kg. Distillation conducted between 130 and 140 °C showed that fluoride recovery peaked at 135 °C (430.7 mg/kg). In comparison, the lowest recovery occurred at 130 °C (390.0 mg/kg), indicating that even slight changes in temperature can significantly affect results. Reproducibility tests demonstrated that fluoride detection varied depending on the origin and purity of the quicklime. Even quicklime with less than 98% purity still proved suitable for analysis. These findings suggest that precise temperature control, regular equipment calibration, and appropriate selection of quicklime should be considered to ensure accurate and reliable soil fluoride analysis.

Keywords

fluorine

quicklime

distillation method

distillation temperature

본 연구는 토양 중 불소 분석 시 발생할 수 있는 주요 오차 요인을 규명하고, 분석 정확도 향상을 위해 증류법에서의 증류 온도 및 흡착제로 사용되는 생석회 순도에 따른 불소 함량 변화를 체계적으로 평가하였다. 국가 및 제품별 생석회를 대상으로 불소 함량을 분석한 결과, 인도산 생석회에서 141.3 mg/kg으로 가장 높은 농도가 검출되었으며, 중국산은 7.6 mg/kg으로 가장 낮은 수준을 보였다. 국내 시판되는 4개 생석회 제품은 모두 20 ~ 40 mg/kg 수준으로, 정량한계인 10 mg/kg을 초과하는 불소가 검출되었다. 또한, 증류 온도를 130°C에서 140°C까지 변화시키며 분석한 결과, 135°C에서 430.7 mg/kg으로 가장 높은 불소 농도가 나타났고, 130°C에서는 390.0 mg/kg으로 가장 낮아 약 40 mg/kg의 차이를 보였다. 이는 증류 온도의 미세한 차이도 분석 결과에 유의미한 영향을 미칠 수 있음을 보여준다. 대표 시료를 활용한 재현성 실험에서는 생석회의 순도 및 제조국에 따라 불소 검출량에 차이가 있었으며, 순도가 98% 미만인 생석회도 분석에 충분히 활용 가능함을 확인하였다. 이러한 결과는 토양 중 불소 분석 시 증류 온도의 정밀한 제어가 필수적이며, 사용되는 생석회의 순도 역시 분석 정확도에 영향을 줄 수 있음을 보여준다. 따라서 정확한 온도 유지, 장비의 주기적인 교정 및 점검, 적절한 생석회 선택이 불소 분석의 신뢰성 확보를 위한 핵심 요소로 고려되어야 한다.

키워드

불소

생석회

증류방법

증류온도

References

An, J.S., Kim, J.A., and Yoon, H.Y., 2013. A review on the analytical techniques for the determination of fluorine contents in soil and soild phase samples, Journal of Soil Groundwater Environ, 18(1), p.112-122.

10.7857/JSGE.2013.18.1.112

ASTM D5987-96, 2007. Standard test method for total fluorine in coal and coke by pyrohydrolytic extraction and ion selective electrode or ion chromatograph methods.

Campbell, A.D., 1987. Determination of fluoride in various matrices, Pure and Applied Chemistry, 59(5), p.695-702.

10.1351/pac198759050695

Chavoshi, E., Afyuni, M., Hajabbasi, M.A., Khoshgoftarmanesh, A.H., Abbaspour, K.C., Shariatmadari, H., and Mirghafari, N., 2011. Health risk assessment of fluoride exposure in soil, plants, and water at Isfahan, Iran, Human and Ecological Risk Assessment, 17, p.414-430.

10.1080/10807039.2011.552397

Gao, H., Zhang, Z., and Wan, X., 2012. Influences of charcoal and bamboo charcoal amendment on soil-fluoride fractions and bioaccumulation of fluoride in tea plants, Environmental Geochemistry and Health, 34, p.551-562.

10.1007/s10653-012-9459-x22580712

ISO/IEC 17025, 1999. General requirement for the competence of testing and calibration laboratories, International Organization for Standardization.

Kim, C.L. and Oh, J.M., 2016. Effect of Particle Size of Sediment on Adsorption of fluoride, Journal of Ecology and Environment, 49(4), p.289-295.

10.11614/KSL.2016.49.4.289

Kim, H.J., Lee, Y.J., and Lee, H., 2022. Mineralogical characteristic analysis and washing efficiency evaluation to identify contamination characteristics by origin of fluoride-contaminated soil, Journal of the Korean Society for Environmental Technology, 23(1), p.22-29.

10.26511/JKSET.23.1.3

KMOE (Korean Ministry of Environment), 2022. Soil Standard Analytical Methods, Korea Ministry of Environment, Sejong-city, South Korea.

Knight, H.G., Furr, A.K., and Parkinson, T.F., 1977. Determination of fluorine by neutron activation analysis, Analytical Chemistry, 49(11), p.1507-1510.

10.1021/ac50019a013

Na, K.H., Yun, I.C., and Lee, J.B., 2010. The validation study of auto anlysis method comnined with aqua regia digestion for fluorine of soil, Journal of Soil Groundwater Environment, 15(5), p.8-15.

Patra, R.C., Dwivedi, S.K., Bhardwaj, B., and Swarup, D., 2000. Industrial fluorosis in cattle and buffalo around Udaipur, India, Science of The Total Environment, 253(1-3), p.145-150.

10.1016/S0048-9697(00)00426-510843338

Pushnik, J.C. and Miller, G.W., 1990. The influences of elevated environmental fluoride on the physiology and metabolism of higher plants, Fluoride, 23(1), p.5-19.

Sadiq, M. and Hussain, M. M., 1993. Water fluoride distribution in arid region of Saudi Arabia, Environmental Monitoring and Assessment, 28(1), p.175-183.

Zhu, M.X., Xie, M., and Xin, J., 2006. Interaction of fluoride with hydroxyaluminum-montmorillonite complexes and implications for fluoride-contaminated acidic soils, Applied Geochemistry, 21(4), p.675-683.

10.1016/j.apgeochem.2005.12.012

Information

Publisher :The Korean Society of Mineral and Energy Resources Engineers
Publisher(Ko) :한국자원공학회
Journal Title :Journal of the Korean Society of Mineral and Energy Resources Engineers
Journal Title(Ko) :한국자원공학회지
Volume : 62
No :2
Pages :81-88
Received Date : 2025-03-25
Revised Date : 2025-04-17
Accepted Date : 2025-04-17
DOI :https://doi.org/10.32390/ksmer.2025.62.2.081

Journal of the Korean Society of Mineral and Energy Resources Engineers ISSN:2288-0291(Print) 2288-2790(Online) 한국자원공학회지

All Issue