Development of 4D Seismic Monitoring Tool Considering Anisotropic Media based on Pseudo-acoustic Wave Equation

Seok-Han Kim; Hee-Chan Noh; Sea-Eun Park; Ju-Won Oh; Dong-Joo Min

doi:10.32390/ksmer.2022.59.2.161

All Issue

2022 Vol.59, Issue 2 Preview Page Next Page

Research Paper

Development of 4D Seismic Monitoring Tool Considering Anisotropic Media based on Pseudo-acoustic Wave Equation 이방성을 고려한 4차원 탄성파 모니터링 자료의 구조보정 기술개발

30 April 2022. pp. 161-172

PDF XML

Abstract

Seismic anisotropy can be an obstacle when we interpret the seismic data from the seismic survey and monitoring in the sedimentary basins. In this study, we discuss the inaccuracy of the conventional isotropic monitoring algorithm in strong VTI media in causing reflectivity point differences because it offsets differences without considering anisotropic media. To mitigate its shortcomings, we propose a reverse-time migration algorithm for the 4D seismic data regarding vertically transverse isotropic (VTI) media and confirm that this proposed anisotropic monitoring algorithm based on elliptical anisotropy can properly correct the monitoring results. Finally, we improve the accuracy of reflectivity point depth by adapting the anisotropic equation in the pseudo-acoustic wave equation and controlling the offset distance. We compare the efficiency between elliptical anisotropy and VTI of the proposed monitoring algorithm using the synthetic monitoring data from a complex 3D geological model.

Keywords

4D seismic monitoring

seismic anisotropy

pseudo-acoustic wave equation

이산화탄소 지중저장의 대상이 되는 퇴적분지에 대한 등방성 탄성파 영상화 및 모니터링 기술 적용 시 전파 방향에 따른 속도 차이를 유발하는 지층의 이방성이 탐사 자료의 영상화 결과를 왜곡시킬 수 있다. 탄성파 이방성 중 지층에서 흔하게 나타나는 특성은 횡등방성이다. 본 연구에서는 횡등방성을 고려한 시간경과 탄성파 지층모델에 대하여 유사 음향파동방정식 기반의 참반사보정 기술을 제안한다. 횡등방성이 강한 지역에서 4차원 탄성파 모니터링 시, 이방성을 고려하지 않은 파동방정식을 이용하면 탄성파 이방성에 의해 오프셋 거리에 따른 반사점의 깊이에 차이가 생겨 실제 반사점의 깊이보다 영상화 된 반사점의 깊이가 높게 관측되는 모니터링 결과 해석의 부정확성을 논의하고, 타원형 이방성을 가정한 역시간 구조보정 기반의 모니터링 알고리듬 개발을 통해 이를 극복할 수 있음을 확인한다. 복잡한 3차원 지질구조를 가정한 가상의 4차원 탄성파 모니터링을 통해 제안하는 알고리듬을 적용하여 오프셋 거리에 따른 반사점의 깊이 오차를 수정하여 정확성을 높였고, 타원형 이방성과 횡등방성의 알고리듬을 비교하여 무엇이 더 효율적인지 논의한다.

키워드

4차원 탄성파 모니터링

탄성파 이방성

이방성 음향파동방정식

References

Alkhalifah, T., 2000. An acoustic wave equation for anisotropic media, Geophysics, 65(4), p.1239-1250. 10.1190/1.1444815

Alkhalifah, T., 2016. Research note: Insights into the data dependency on anisotropy: An inversion prospective, Geophysical Prospecting, 64(2), p.505-513. 10.1111/1365-2478.12345

Arts, R., Chadwick, A., Eiken, O., Thibeau, S., and Nooner, S., 2008. Ten years' experience of monitoring CO₂ injection in the Utsira Sand at Sleipner, offshore Norway, First Break, 26(1), p.65-72. 10.3997/1365-2397.26.1115.27807

Backus, G.E., 1962. Long‐wave elastic anisotropy produced by horizontal layering, Journal of Geophysical Research, 67(11), p.4427-4440. 10.1029/JZ067i011p04427

Bakker, P.M. and Duveneck, E., 2011. Stability analysis for acoustic wave propagation in tilted TI media by finite differences, Geophysical Journal International, 185, p.911-921. 10.1111/j.1365-246X.2011.04986.x

Banik, N.C., 1984. Velocity anisotropy of shales and depth estimation in the North Sea basin, Geophysics, 49(9), p.1411-1419. 10.1190/1.1441770

Baysal, E., Kosloff, D.D., and Sherwood, J.W., 1983. Reverse time migration, Geophysics, 48(11), p.1514-1524. 10.1190/1.1441434

Buske, S., 1999. Three-dimensional pre-stack Kirchhoff migration of deep seismic reflection data, Geophysical Journal International, 137(1), p.243-260. 10.1046/j.1365-246x.1999.00789.x

Chadwick, R.A., Zweigel, P., Gregersen, U., Kirby, G.A., Holloway, S., and Johannessen, P.N., 2004. Geological reservoir characterization of a CO₂ storage site, The Utsira Sand, Sleipner, northern North Sea, Energy, 29(9-10), p.1371-1381. 10.1016/j.energy.2004.03.071

Chang, W.F. and McMechan, G.A., 1989. 3D acoustic reverse- time migration 1, Geophysical Prospecting, 37(3), p.243-256. 10.1111/j.1365-2478.1989.tb02205.x

Crawley, S., Whitmore, N.D., Sosa, A., and Jones, M., 2012. Improving RTM images with angle gathers, In 82nd SEG Technical Program Expanded Abstract, Society of Expolration Geophysicists, 4609p. 10.1190/segam2012-1370.122840967

Dussaud, E., Symes, W.W., Williamson, P., Lemaistre, L., Singer, P., Denel, B., and Cherrett, A., 2008. Computational strategies for reverse-time migration, In 78th SEG Technical Program Expanded Abstracts, Society of Exploration Geophysicists, p.2267-2271. 10.1190/1.3059336

Duveneck, E., Milcik, P., Bakker, P.M., and Perkins, C., 2008. Acoustic VTI wave equations and their application for anisotropic reverse-time migration, In 78th SEG Technical Program Expanded Abstracts, Society of Exploration Geophysicists, p.2186-2190. 10.1190/1.3059320

Fomel, S. and Grechka, V., 2001. Nonhyperbolic reflection moveout of P waves. An overview and comparison of reasons. CWP-372, Colorado School of Mines.

Kosloff, D., Filho, A.Q., Tessmer, E., and Behle, A. 1989. Numerical solution of the acoustic and elastic wave equations by a new rapid expansion method, Geophysical Prospecting, 37, p.383-394. 10.1111/j.1365-2478.1989.tb02212.x

Kwon, Y.K., 2018. Demonstration-scale Offshore CO₂ Storage Project in the Pohang Basin, Korea, The Journal of Engineering Geology, 28(2), p.133-160.

Lumley, D., 2010. 4D seismic monitoring of CO₂ sequestration, The Leading Edge, 29(2), p.150-155. 10.1190/1.3304817

Oh, J.W. and Alkhalifah, T., 2018. Optimal full-waveform inversion strategy for marine data in azimuthally rotated elastic orthorhombic media, Geophysics, 83(4), p.R307-R320. 10.1190/geo2017-0762.1

Oh, J.W. and Alkhalifah, T., 2019. Study on the full‐waveform inversion strategy for 3D elastic orthorhombic anisotropic media, Application to ocean bottom cable data, Geophysical Prospecting, 67(5), p.1219-1242. 10.1111/1365-2478.12768

Oh, J.W., 2020. Parallel elastic wave modeling considering the effects of orthorhombic anisotropy, Journal of Korean Society of Mineral and Energy Resources Engineers, 57(1), p.86-96 (in Korean with English abstract). 10.32390/ksmer.2020.57.1.086

Oh, J.W., Cheng, J., and Min, D.J., 2021. Diffraction-angle filtering of gradient for acoustic full-waveform inversion, Geophysics, 86(2), p.R173-R185. 10.1190/geo2019-0801.1

Park, S.E., Li, X., Kim, B.Y., Oh, J.W., Min, D.J., and Kim, H.S., 2021. Seismic Imaging of Ocean-bottom Seismic Data for Finding a Carbon Capture and Storage Site: Two- dimensional Reverse-time Migration of Ocean-bottom Seismic Data Acquired in the Pohang Basin, South Korea, Geophysics and Geophysical Exploration, 24(3), p.78-88.

Perrone, M.P., Lu, L., Liu, L., Fedulova, I., Semenikhin, A., and Gorbik, V., 2011. High performance RTM using massive domain partitioning, In 73rd EAGE Conference and Exhibition incorporating SPE EUROPEC 2011, European Association of Geoscientists & Engineers, p.cp-238-00150.

Szydlik, T.J., Way, S., Smith, P., Aamodt, L., and Friedrich, C., 2006. 3D PP/PS prestack depth migration on the Volve field, In 68th EAGE Conference and Exhibition incorporating SPE EUROPEC 2006, European Association of Geoscientists & Engineers, p.cp-2-00185.

Thomsen, L., 1986. Weak elastic anisotropy, Geophysics, 51(10), p.1954-1966. 10.1190/1.1442051

Veeken, P.P., 2013. Seismic stratigraphy and depositional facies models, Academic Press. 10.3997/9789073834439PMC3869884

Virieux, J. and Operto, S. 2009. An overview of full-waveform inversion in exploration geophysics. Geophysics, 74(6), p.WCC1-WCC26. 10.1190/1.3238367

Xu, S. and Zhou, H. 2014. Accurate simulations of pure quasi-P-waves in complex anisotropic media, Geophysics, 79(6), p.T341-T348. 10.1190/geo2014-0242.1

Xu, S., Tang, B. Mu, J., and Zhou, H., 2015. Elliptic decomposition of quasi-P wave equation, In 77th EAGE Conference and Exhibition incorporating SPE EUROPEC 2015, European Association of Geoscientists & Engineers, p.1-5. 10.3997/2214-4609.201413134

Yoon, K., Shin, C., Suh, S., Lines, L.R., and Hong, S., 2003. 3D reverse-time migration using the acoustic wave equation: An experience with the SEG/EAGE data set, The Leading Edge, 22(1), p.38-41. 10.1190/1.1542754

Zhou, H., Zhang, G., and Bloor, R., 2006. An anisotropic acoustic wave equation for VTI media, In 68th EAGE Conference and Exhibition incorporating SPE EUROPEC 2006, European Association of Geoscientists & Engineers, p.cp-2-00318. 10.3997/2214-4609.201402310

Zhou, H.W., Hu, H., Zou, Z., Wo, Y., and Youn, O., 2018. Reverse time migration: A prospect of seismic imaging methodology, Earth-Science Reviews, 179, p.207-227. 10.1016/j.earscirev.2018.02.008

Information

Publisher :The Korean Society of Mineral and Energy Resources Engineers
Publisher(Ko) :한국자원공학회
Journal Title :Journal of the Korean Society of Mineral and Energy Resources Engineers
Journal Title(Ko) :한국자원공학회지
Volume : 59
No :2
Pages :161-172
Received Date : 2022-03-18
Revised Date : 2022-04-15
Accepted Date : 2022-04-26
DOI :https://doi.org/10.32390/ksmer.2022.59.2.161

Journal of the Korean Society of Mineral and Energy Resources Engineers ISSN:2288-0291(Print) 2288-2790(Online) 한국자원공학회지

All Issue