All Issue

2018 Vol.55, Issue 2 Preview Page

Technical Report

Investigation on the Technical Characteristics and Field Cases of Matrix Acidizing Treatment in Carbonate Reservoirs

탄산염암 저류층의 암체 산처리 공법 기술 특성 및 현장사례 분석

Hyunsang Yoo1
,
Jeonghwan Lee1*
유 현상1
,
이 정환1*
1Dept. of Energy & Resources Engineering, College of Engineering, Chonnam National University
1전남대학교 에너지자원공학과
* Corresponding Author
30 April 2018. pp. 147-158
PDF XML Citation
Abstract

The technical characteristics and mechanisms of the matrix acidizing treatment in carbonate reservoirs were analyzed, and field applications for Middle East were investigated in this study. To conduct a successful matrix acidizing, the length and feature of highly conductive channels known as wormhole, which is created when acid is injected to reservoir, should be optimized. It is revealed that the calculation of diffusion coefficient by acid-rock reaction experiments, selection of the optimum injection rate by acid coreflooding experiment, and forecasting model of wormhole are required to ascertain the optimum wormhole feature. In some field cases, the reaction system of acid-reservoir rock and scaling of wormhole forecasting model were not accurately reflected, thus the efficiency of production enhancement was low compared to estimated result. It is believed that the proposed results can be utilized as basic guides for the design of well productivity improvement project in carbonate reservoirs.

Keywords
Carbonate reservoirs
Matrix acidizing
Acid-rock reaction
Wormhole forecasting model

본 연구에서는 탄산염암 저류층의 암체 산처리 공법 기술 특성 및 메커니즘을 분석하고 중동지역에서 수행된 현장사례를 조사하였다. 분석결과, 성공적인 암체 산처리를 수행하기 위해 저류층 내 산을 주입 시 생성되는 고투과성 통로인 웜홀(wormhole)의 길이 및 형태가 최적화되어야 하며, 이를 위해 산-암석 반응 실험을 통한 확산계수(diffusion coefficient) 도출과 산처리 코어 유동실험을 통한 최적 주입률 선정 및 웜홀 예측 모델링이 필요한 것으로 확인되었다. 일부 현장사례에서는 저류층 내 산과 저류암의 반응 시스템 및 웜홀 예측 모델의 스케일 보정 등이 정확히 반영되지 않아 예측 결과와 비교 시 생산증진 효율이 낮은 특징을 나타내었다. 제시된 결과는 향후 탄산염암 저류층에서 산처리 공법을 적용한 유정의 생산성 개선 프로젝트 설계를 위한 기초자료로 활용될 수 있을 것으로 기대된다.

키워드
탄산염암 저류층
암체 산처리
산-암석 반응
웜홀 예측 모델
References
1
Abou-Sayed, I.S., Shuchart, C.E., and Choi, N.H., 2007. Well stimulation technology for thick, middle east carbonate reservoirs. Proc. of the International Petroleum Technology Conference, IPTC, Dubai, UAE, p.1-9.
10.2523/IPTC-11660-MS
2
Akanni, O.O. and Nasr-El-Din, H.A., 2015. The accuracy of carbonate matrix acidizing models in predicting optimum injection and wormhole propagation rates. Proc. of the SPE Middle East Oil & Gas Show and Conference, SPE, Manama, Bahrain, p.1-14.
10.2118/172575-MS
3
Al-Ameri, T.K., Al-Temimi, A.K., and Zumberge, J., 2016. Assessments of oil characterization, source affinities, and hydrocarbon dynamic of East Baghdad oil fields, Central Iraq. J. marine and petroleum geology, 77(1), 353-375.
4
Al-Harthy, S., Bustos, O.A., Samuel, M., Still, J., Fuller, M.J., Hamzah, N.E., Ismail, M.P., and Parapat, A., 2009. Options for High-Temperature Well Stimulation, Schlumberger, Houston, Texas, USA, p.52-62.
5
Alkhaldi, M.H., Sarma, H.K., and Nasr-El-Din, H.A., 2010. Diffusivity of citric acid during its reaction with calcite. J. Canadian Petroleum Technology, 49(8), 43-52.
10.2118/139570-PA
6
Bazin, B., 2001. From matrix acidizing to acid fracturing: a laboratory evaluation of acid/rock interactions. J. Society of Petroleum Engineers, 16(1), 22-29.
10.2118/66566-PA
7
Bazin, B., Bieber, M.T., Roque, C.C., and Bouteca, M., 1996. Improvement in the charaterization of the acid wormholing by “In-Situ” X-Ray CT visualizations. Proc. of the SPE International Symposium on Formation Damage, SPE, Lafayette, Louisiana, p.1-20.
8
BJ Services, 2012. Acidizing Concepts and Design, BP Indonesia, Jakarta, Indonesia, p.13-42.
9
Boote, D.R.D. and Mou, D., 2003. Safah field, Oman: retrospective of a new-concept exploration play, 1980 to 2000. J. GeoArabia, 8(3), 367-430.
10
Buijse, M.A. and Glasbergen, G., 2005. A semi-empirical model to calculate wormhole growth in carbonate acidizing. Proc. of the SPE Annual Technical Conference and Exhibition, SPE, Dallas, USA, p.1-14.
10.2118/96892-MS
11
Burchette, T.P., 2012. Carbonate rocks and petroleum reservoirs: a geological perspective from the industry. J. the Geological Society, 370(1), 17-37.
10.1144/SP370.14
12
Cui, B., Feng, P., Rong, X., and Yang, Y., 2014. Acidizing technology of carbonate reservoir used for enhanced oil recovery in the oilfield of Iraq. Proc. of the ISOPE International Ocean and Polar Engineering Conference, ISOPE, Busan, Korea, p.1-6.
13
Daccord, G., Lietard, O., and Lenormand, R., 1993. Chemical dissolution of a porous medium by a reaction fluid-II. convection vs reaction, behavior diagram. J. Chemical Engineering Science, 48(1), 179-186.
10.1016/0009-2509(93)80294-Z
14
Daccord, G., Touboul, E., and Lenormand, R., 1989. Carbonate acidizing: toward a quantitative model of the wormholing phenomenon. J. Society of Petroleum Engineers, 4(1), 63-68.
10.2118/16887-PA
15
Dong, K., Zhu, D., and Hill, A.D., 2017. Theoretical and experimental study on optimal injection rates in carbonate acidizing. J. Society of Petroleum Engineers, 22(3), 892-901.
10.2118/178961-PA
16
ExxonMobil, 2018. 2018 outlook for energy: A view to 2040, ExxonMobil, Texas, USA, p.32-36.
17
Fredd, C.N. and Fogler, H.S., 1999. Optimum conditions for wormhole formation in carbonate porous media: influence of transport and reaction. J. Society of Petroleum Engineers, 4(3), 169-205.
10.2118/56995-PA
18
Furui, K., Burton, R.C., Burkhead, D.W., Abdelmalek, N.A., Hill, A.D., Zhu, D., and Nozaki, M., 2012. A comprehensive model of high-rate matrix-acid stimulation for long horizontal wells in carbonate reservoirs: part I-scaling up core-level acid wormholing to field treatments. J. Society of Petroleum Engineers, 17(1), 271-279.
10.2118/134265-PA
19
Gdanski, R., 2005. Recent advances in carbonate stimulation. Proc. of the International Petroleum Technology Conference, IPTC, Doha, Qatar, p.1-8.
10.2523/IPTC-10693-MS
20
Glasbergen, G., Kalia, N., and Talbot, M., 2009. The optimum injection rate for wormhole propagation: myth or reality?. Proc. of the SPE European Formation Damage Conference, SPE, Scheveningen, Netherlands, p.1-11.
10.2118/121464-MS
21
Gong, M. and El-Rabaa, A.M., 1999. Quantitative model of wormholing process in carbonate acidizing. Proc. of the SPE Mid-continent Operations Symposium, SPE, Oklahoma city, Oklahoma, USA, p.1-16.
10.2118/52165-MS
22
Guidry, G.S. and Ruiz, G.A., 1989. SXE/N2 Matrix acidizing. Proc. of the SPE Middle East Oil Technical Conference and Exhibition, SPE, Manama, Bahrain, p.1-10.
23
Hoefner, M.L. and Fogler, H.S., 1989. Fluid-velocity and reaction-rate effects during carbonate acidizing: application of network model. J. Society of Petroleum Engineers, 4(1), 56-62.
10.2118/15573-PA
24
Huang, T., Ostensen, L., and Hill, A.D., 2000. Carbonate matrix acidizing with acetic acid. Proc. of the SPE International Symposium on Formation Damage Control, SPE, Lafayette, Louisiana, USA, p.1-6.
10.2118/58715-MS
25
Hung, K.M., Hill, A.D., and Sepehrnoori, K., 1989. A mechanistic model of wormhole growth in carbonate matrix acidizing and acid fracturing. J. Society of Petroleum Engineers, 41(1), 59-66.
10.2118/16886-PA
26
International Energy Agency (IEA), 2008. World Energy Outlook 2008, International Energy Agency, Paris, France, p.298-300.
27
King, G.E., 1986. Acidizing concepts - matrix vs. fracture acidizing. J. of Petroleum Technology, 38(5), 507-508.
10.2118/15279-PA
28
Ko, J., 2015. Petroleum geology of the United Arab Emirates. J. the Korean Society of Mineral and Energy Resources Engineers, 52(6), 632-671.
29
Lee, W.S., Lee, Y., and Sung, W., 2009. Sensitivity studies on thermal parameters of carbonate heavy oil reservoir. J. the Korean Society of Mineral and Energy Resources Engineers, 46(4), 466-473.
30
Levich, V.G., 1962. Physicochemical Hydrodynamics (1st Ed.), Vol. 1, Prentice hall inc., New Jersey, USA, p.66-73.
31
Lund, K., Fogler, H.S., and MaCune, C.C., 1973. Acidization-I. The dissolution of dolomite in hydrochloric acid. J. Chemical Engineering Science, 28(1), 691-700.
10.1016/0009-2509(77)80003-1
32
Manrique, E.J., Muci, V.E., and Gurfinkel, M.E., 2007. EOR field experiences in carbonate reservoirs in the United States. J. Society of Petroleum Engineers, 10(6), 667-686.
10.2118/100063-PA
33
Nasrabadi, H., Morales, A., and Zhu, D., 2012. Well placement optimization: A survey with special focus on application for gas/gas-condensate reservoirs. J. of Natural Gas Science and Engineering, 5(1), 6-16.
10.1016/j.jngse.2011.10.002
34
Newman, J., 1966. Schmidt number correction for the rotating disk. J. of Physical Chemistry, 70(4), 1327-1328.
10.1021/j100876a509
35
Organization of the Petroleum Exporting Countries (OPEC), 2017. World Oil Outlook 2040, Organization of the Petroleum Exporting Countries, Baghdad, Iraq, p.7-27.
36
Schlumberger, 2018.01.30., www.slb.com/~/media/Files/industry_challenges/carbonates/brochures/cb_carbonate_reservoirs_07os003.pdf.
37
Talbot, M.S. and Gdanski, R.D., 2008. Beyond the Damkohler number: a new interpretation of carbonate wormholing. Proc. of the SPE Europec/EAGE Annual Conference and Exhibition, SPE, Rome, Italy, p.1-9.
10.2118/113042-MS
38
Taylor, K.C., Al-Ghamdi, A.H., and Nasr-El-Din, H.A., 2003. Measurement of acid reaction rates of a deep dolomite gas reservoir. J. Canadian Petroleum Technology, 43(10), 49-56.
39
Taylor, K.C., Al-Ghamdi, A.H., and Nasr-El-Din, H.A., 2004. Effect of additives on the acid dissolution rates of calcium and magnesium carbonates. J. Society of Petroleum Engineers, 19(3), 122-127.
10.2118/80256-PA
40
Vadgama, U., Ellison, R.E., and Gustav, S.H., 1991. Safah field: a case history of field development. Proc. of the SPE Middle East Oil Show, SPE, Bahrain, p.1-8.
10.2118/21355-MS
41
Wang, Y., Hill A.D., and Schechter R.S., 1993. The optimum injection rate for matrix acidizing of carbonate formations. Proc. of the SPE Annual Technical Conference and Exhibition, SPE, Houston, Texas, USA, p.1-13.
10.2118/26578-MS
42
Ziauddin, M. and Bize, E., 2007. The effect of pore-scale heterogeneities on carbonate stimulation treatments. Proc. of the SPE Middle East Oil & Gas Show and Conference, SPE, Bahrain, p.1-14.
10.2118/104627-MS
Information
  • Publisher :The Korean Society of Mineral and Energy Resources Engineers
  • Publisher(Ko) :한국자원공학회
  • Journal Title :Journal of the Korean Society of Mineral and Energy Resources Engineers
  • Journal Title(Ko) :한국자원공학회지
  • Volume : 55
  • No :2
  • Pages :147-158
  • Received Date : 2018-03-05
  • Revised Date : 2018-04-25
  • Accepted Date : 2018-04-27
  • DOI :https://doi.org/10.12972/ksmer.2018.55.2.147
Journal Informaiton Journal of the Korean Society of Mineral and Energy Resources Engineers Journal of the Korean Society of Mineral and Energy Resources Engineers
Online Submission
  • NRF
  • KOFST
  • crossref crossmark
  • crossref cited-by
  • KCI 문헌 유사도 검사
  • orcid
  • open access
  • ccl
Journal Informaiton Journal Informaiton - close